antiplatelet

How-anticoagulants-work

How anticoagulants work

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Blood thinners are drugs that help blood flow smoothly through the veins and arteries. They also protect against blood clots or, if any, from increasing them. Anticoagulants are prescribed to treat certain types of heart disease and heart defects and other conditions that may increase the risk of dangerous blood clots. [&nbsp;<a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK537062/" target="_blank" data-ref="Page not available - NCBI BookshelfTwitterFacebookLinkedInGitHubNCBI Insights BlogTwitterFacebookYoutube" rel="noopener">[ref. 1]</a>&nbsp;]

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Blood thinners can act in two ways. Antithrombocytes are drugs that stop cells in the blood (platelets) from clumping together and forming a clot. The formation of a blood clot, in turn, can lead to a heart attack or stroke. Aspirin is the most common antiplatelet. [&nbsp;<a href="https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s40138-013-0014-6?error=cookies_not_supported&amp;code=ec56544b-9ff6-41c5-9092-02591efcba03" target="_blank" data-ref="Anticoagulants: A Review of the Pharmacology, Dosing, and Complications - Current Emergency and Hospital Medicine Reports" rel="noopener">[ref. 2]</a>&nbsp;]&nbsp;

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Some examples of anticoagulants include:

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<ul><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Warfarin</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Heparin</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Dabigitran</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Apixaban</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Rivoraxaban</li></ul>Some of these drugs are synthetic substances that are derived from chemicals found in natural blood thinners. Chilli, cinnamon and ginger, for example, contain powerful compounds that are used to create anticoagulants.&nbsp;

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It is important to consult a doctor before trying natural foods, herbs or blood thinning supplements, as they may not be as effective as medicines, or may interfere with the action of certain medications.

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Some foods and other substances that can act as natural blood thinners and help reduce the risk of clots, we prepared in the upcoming selection.

Ten-natural-anticoagulants

Ten natural anticoagulants

Turmeric

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Turmeric (Curcuma) acts as a natural anticoagulant and has antiplatelet effects. A study published in BMB Reports shows that curcumin - the beneficial polyphenol in turmeric, inhibits the action of thrombin. [&nbsp;<a href="http://koreascience.or.kr/article/JAKO201213549741020.page" target="_blank" data-ref="												Anticoagulant activities of curcumin and its derivative				-BMB Reports						 | Korea Science" rel="noopener">[ref. 3]</a>&nbsp;] It is a protease that plays a role in blood coagulation.&nbsp;

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Another 2019 study published in the EPMA Journal states that turmeric can help block blood clotting and recommends taking care when combining turmeric with blood thinning drugs. [&nbsp;<a href="https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s13167-018-0158-2?error=cookies_not_supported&amp;code=7e3687c9-f322-4894-b11d-40130869f960" target="_blank" data-ref="Review of herbal medications with the potential to cause bleeding: dental implications, and risk prediction and prevention avenues - EPMA Journal" rel="noopener">[ref. 4]</a>&nbsp;

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Cayenne-pepper

Cayenne pepper

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Cayenne pepper (Capsicum annuum) contains salicylate - a natural blood-thinning agent that has been tested for its antithrombotic effects. In addition, it also contains capsaicin, which has been shown to have antihypertensive and antidiabetic properties. [&nbsp;<a href="https://www.herbal-organic.com/bg/pubmed/in_vitro_anti_inflammatory_anti_oxidant_and_cytotoxic_activities_of_four_i_curcuma_i_species_and_the_isolation_of_compounds_from_i_curcuma_aromatica_i_rhizome_32455782" target="_blank" data-ref="In Vitro Anti-Inflammatory, Anti-Oxidant, and Cytotoxic Activities of Four &lt;i&gt;Curcuma&lt;/i&gt; Species and the Isolation of Compounds from &lt;i&gt;Curcuma aromatica&lt;/i&gt; Rhizome | Билкови и природни лекарства" rel="noopener">[ref. 5]</a>&nbsp;] For these reasons, chilli can be taken as capsules (a dietary supplement) to promote cardiovascular health and circulation.&nbsp;

Cinnamon

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Cinnamon (Cinnamomum Verum), especially Cassia (Cinnamomum Cassia), is rich in coumarin. [&nbsp;<a href="https://www.herbal-organic.com/bg/herb/14482" target="_blank" data-ref="Cinnamon" rel="noopener">[ref. 6]</a>&nbsp;] This is a powerful anticoagulant that is actually used to make warfarin. However, research has shown that using cinnamon supplements for an extended period of time can be problematic and lead to liver problems. Therefore, it is always recommended to consume cinnamon as a spice to dishes or in drinks.&nbsp;

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Ginger

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Like chilli, ginger contains salicylate - a chemical that has been studied for its ability to prevent thrombosis. Studies have shown that salicylate has moderate anticoagulant properties and can prevent venous thrombosis without causing complications.

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The use of ginger because of its blood thinning properties is increasingly popular, but should not be combined with taking medications, according to experts.

Natural blood thinners help prevent blood clots that can lead to serious health problems such as a heart attack or stroke. Often conventional anticoagulants are prescribed to prevent dangerous blood clotting, but many of these drugs have adverse side effects.&nbsp; In the continuation of the theme we will introduce you to the potential anticoagulant action of garlic, vitamin E, Ginkgo biloba, grapes and Dong Kwai.

What are the 10 natural anticoagulants [blood thinners]

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Бетина Цветкова

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What-is-curcumin

What is curcumin

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Like many spices, turmeric (Curcuma longa) has a long history of use in traditional medicine. Its main ingredient is curcumin, which is a natural antioxidant with anti-inflammatory benefits as well as potential benefits associated with slowing down the aging process and preventing Alzheimer's disease. Ayurvedic medicine - a traditional Indian treatment system, recommends turmeric for various health conditions that proceed with chronic pain and inflammation because of the strong anti-inflammatory properties of curcumin and other active compounds in turmeric.&nbsp;

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With regard to inflammatory conditions, natural compounds such as curcumin have shown a beneficial effect on the progression of inflammatory diseases due to their numerous mechanisms of action: antiviral, anti-inflammatory, anticoagulant, antiplatelet and cytoprotective. These and many other effects of curcumin make it a promising tool in the adjuvant treatment of COVID-19.

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The antiviral effects of curcumin have been widely studied - it prevents the binding of influenza A virus, dengue virus, Zika virus and human norovirus (HuNoV) to host cells. In addition, curcumin inhibits the replication of the viral genome and transcription of the respiratory syncythial virus (RSV) and Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV), interferes with the translation and assembly of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), human cytimegalovirus (HCMV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).

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The-potential-of-curcumin-as-a-medicinal-agent-for-COVID-19

The potential of curcumin as a medicinal agent for COVID-19

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A team of scientists found in in vitro analyses the antiviral action of curcumin against the SARS-CoV virus in Vero-E6 cells, and this natural polyphenol can inhibit viral replication at concentrations of 3-10 &mu;M. &nbsp;<a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphar.2021.675287/full" target="_blank" data-ref="Curcumin as a Potential Treatment for COVID-19" rel="noopener">[ref. 1]</a> Based on such data on antiviral activity, researchers using in silico prediction models evaluated the potential of curcumin against SARS-CoV-2 binding proteins and its cell receptors. The results showed that curcumin has a high affinity for interaction with S glycoprotein by establishing six hydrogen bonds and realizes higher scores than control compounds such as nafamostat and hydroxychloroquine. In addition, curcumin shows an affinity for ACE2. In addition, curcumin interacts with the active part of the protein, in addition to the formation of two hydrogen bonds. Similarly, curcumin demonstrates a better affinity for ACE2 than control compounds.

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Another interesting result in this study is related to the main protease (Mpro) of SARS-CoV-2, which is mandatory in maturation and viral replication and is a promising target in the treatment of SARS-CoV-2. Among the compounds tested, including chloroquine, entecavir, hydroxychloroquine and remdesivir, curcumin surprisingly formed the most stable complex with SARS-CoV-2 Mpro, and the affinity result was comparable to that of the N3 control.

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The researchers also found that curcumin in low doses inhibits the mTORC1-Raptor interaction, leading to inhibition of the mTORC1 complex. Curcumin also promotes interruption of mTORC2-Rictor interaction at higher doses, thereby inhibiting mTORC2. the mTOR route is a central regulator of mammalian metabolism and physiology, including humans. The signaling path of mTOR, which is often activated in tumors, not only regulates gene transcription and protein synthesis to regulate cell proliferation and differentiation of immune cells, but also plays an important role in tumor metabolism &nbsp;<a href="https://pnas.org/doi/full/10.1073/pnas.1716173114" target="_blank" data-ref="Just a moment..." rel="noopener">[ref. 2]</a>&nbsp;

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Another team of researchers looked at oral intake of curcumin in combination with piperine as adjuvant therapy for the treatment of COVID-19 in a randomized clinical trial. Patients with COVID-19 with mild, moderate and severe symptoms who received curcumin/piperine treatment showed early symptomatic recovery, less deterioration, fewer signs of serious pathology, better ability to maintain oxygen saturation above 94% with free breathing, better clinical outcomes compared to patients in the control group (who received only probiotics twice a day). The results were collected in a double-blind, randomized, controlled study conducted in two groups of 70 people each, a total of 140 people. <a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphar.2021.669362/full" target="_blank" data-ref="Oral Curcumin With Piperine as Adjuvant Therapy for the Treatment of COVID-19: A Randomized Clinical Trial" rel="noopener">[ref. 3]</a>&nbsp;

In vitro results for the antiviral action of curcumin on SARS-CoV and data from in silico analyses confirm the hypothesis of potential activity against SARS-CoV-2. A limited number of studies also consider oral intake of curcumin as a potential cure for coronavirus infection. This information can be used by the scientific community to further assess the effect of curcumin on cells infected with SARS-CoV-2 and virus replication using in vitro and in vivo models and in randomised clinical trials.

Curcumin as a potential treatment for COVID-19

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Text adaptation: Rositsa Tashkova, Master of Molecular Biology and Microbiology

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Aspirin, ibuprofen (Nurofen) and paracetamol (acetaminophen) are among the most commonly used anti-inflammatory and analgesic agents. These medications are also among the most prescribed in connection with both the treatment and prevention of COVID-19, as well as for the relief of side effects after vaccination (fever, headache). Therefore, it is important to know which herbs to avoid in these moments.

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Aspirin is also used by many people as a prophylactic agent - in thrombophilia and for maintaining the cardiovascular system, since it has the property of thinning the blood - it is a platelet antiaggregant and prevents the formation of thrombs in blood vessels.

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Ibuprofen (known as Nurofen) also belongs to the class of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and is among the most commonly used medications for pain relief, fever and suppressing inflammation. The combination of ibuprofen and aspirin can be very dangerous! It is good to avoid taking it with drugs that have anticoagulant and antiaggregant effect (blood thinners).

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Due to the accessibility of these drugs and their widespread use, we hardly think&nbsp; about their potential negative interactions with another type of therapy, which we are also used to percieving as harmless - the herbal therapy. In this article you will learn which herbs and medicinal plants should not be taken when using these medications.

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The information comes from the article Herbal medication: potential for adverse interactions with analgesic drugs [<a href="https://www.bioseek.eu/en/eng/research/pubmed/Herbal_medication_potential_for_adverse_interactions_with_analgesic_drugs_12472978" target="_blank" rel="noopener">ref.1</a>].

Aspirin-and-ibuprofen---which-herbs-to-avoid

Aspirin and ibuprofen - which herbs to avoid

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Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), especially aspirin, have the potential to interact with herbal supplements known to have antiplatelet activity with those containing coumarin and with tamarind, which increases the risk of bleeding. It is good not to use these herbs when taking aspirin or ibuprofen to avoid severe bleeding.

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Herbs with antiplatelet activity:

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<ul>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Ginkgo biloba,</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Garlic (Allium sativum),</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Ginger (Zingiber officinale),</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Blueberry (Vaccinium),</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Dong Quai or also called Danggui and female ginseng (Angelica sinensis),</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Feverfew (Tanacetum parthenium),</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Ginseng (Panax ginseng),</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Turmeric (Curcuma longa),</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Meadowsweet or mead wort&nbsp;(Filipendula ulmaria)</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Willow (Salix) - a substance called salicyl is extracted from the young willow twigs, and then is used to produce aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid).</li>
</ul>

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Herbs that contain coumarin:

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<ul>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla),</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Herbs of the genus Leonurus, e.g. motherwort (Leonurus cardiaca),</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Horse chestnut (Aesculus hippocastanum),</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-grecum)</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Red clover (Trifolium pratense).</li>
</ul>

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Paracetamol---which-herbs-to-avoid

Paracetamol - which herbs to avoid

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Paracetamol (acetaminophen) may also interact with ginkgo and possibly with at least some of the above mentioned herbs, which may increase the risk of bleeding.

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In addition, the frequency of hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity (damage to the liver and kidneys) can be increased by paracetamol when used simultaneously with potentially hepatotoxic herbs Echinacea purpurea&nbsp;and kava&nbsp;(Piper methysticum), and with herbs containing salicylate respectively - for example, willow and meadowsweet.

Opioid-painkillers--which-herbs-to-avoid

Opioid painkillers- which herbs to avoid

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Simultaneous use of opioid painkillers with sedative herbal supplements, such as kava, chamomile and valerian (Valeriana officinalis), can lead to increased suppression of the central nervous system.

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The analgesic effect of opioids can also be suppressed by <a href="/p/zhienshient_8_prichini_poradi_koito_kitaitsitie_gho_narichat_kralitsata_na_bilkitie" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">ginseng</a>.

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It is important that both doctors and patients are aware of potential adverse interactions between herbal supplements and pain medications and take appropriate precautions to avoid their possible occurrence.

antiplatelet

Curcumin as a potential treatment for COVID-19

Herbs to avoid when taking aspirin, nurofen and paracetamol