Horseradish (Armoracia rusticana, syn. Cochlearia armoracia) is a perennial plant of the family Brassicaceae (which also includes mustard, wasabi, broccoli, cabbage, and radish). It is a root vegetable, cultivated and used worldwide as a spice and as a condiment. The species is probably native to southeastern Europe and western Asia.

Horseradish grows up to 1.5 meters (5 feet) tall, with hairless bright green unlobed leaves up to 1 m (3 ft 3 in) long that may be mistaken for docks (Rumex). It is ...

armoracia rusticana

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The most important thing about horseradish 

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Horseradish (Armoracia lapathifolia Gilib.) is a member of the Brassicaceae family and has been used as a spice since ancient times. The plant originates from Southeastern Europe and is widely grown in Europe, America and some mountain regions of India. 1

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It is most widely used as a spice, both alone and as an ingredient in sauces and dressings. Ready-made horseradish is easily available at the grocery store, but you can make it yourself. You just need to follow certain steps so that you do not have to suddenly run away from the kitchen because of the sharp smell.&nbsp;

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Prepared horseradish is a spice made from the large white root of the horseradish plant, which is of the same family as mustard and wasabi. The leaves are also edible, and the root is harvested to be used as in cooking. It can be replanted for harvest next year. The grated root can be used fresh, or it can be dried or ground into powder.&nbsp;

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You'll often find horseradish added to spices like mustard or mayonnaise to give them extra flavor. And horseradish sauce can be just grated horseradish in vinegar or it can be a creamy version. Either way, the taste can not be mistaken: the volatile mustard oil in horseradish causes tears in the eyes and heat on the tongue. Isothiocyanate is the compound that gives off heat when exposed by eating or crushing horseradish. Vinegar neutralizes the reaction and stabilizes the taste. It should be added immediately to fresh grated horseradish to get a softer taste if you prepare it at home.&nbsp;

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The finished horseradish is made with grated horseradish root, vinegar and salt. Prepared horseradish is not exactly the same as horseradish sauce, but it is an ingredient in it. Horseradish sauce combines ready-made horseradish with cream, sour cream or mayonnaise, making it softer and creamier.

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Benefits of horseradish for health

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Rich-in-nutrients

Rich in nutrients 

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Horseradish roots contain nutrients with which few cultivated plants and certainly no other root crop can compare.&nbsp;

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Freshly grated root contains more vitamin C than most common fruits, including oranges. The root is rich in calcium, iron, thiamine, potassium, magnesium, trace elements and proteins, but is low in phosphorus and sodium. Horseradish is 20 times richer in calcium than potatoes (with peel) and contains nearly four times more vitamin C and three times more iron.&nbsp;

Natural-antibacterial-agent

Natural antibacterial agent 

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Studies have shown that horseradish has an antibacterial component called allyl isothiocyanate. In recent studies, it has been shown that this kills harmful bacteria and microbes that lead to infections. 2 There are suggestions about the anti-cancer action of this component, but there are still difficulties in terms of proving its effectiveness.&nbsp;

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In addition, horseradish may be useful for treating urinary tract infections. This is because it has both antibacterial and diuretic properties. 3

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Increases circulation and helps clear mucus 

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If you feel a cold or sinusitis, horseradish may be your best friend. Its high levels of sulfur have been shown to help clear the sinuses and mucus. In addition, the biologically active compounds in horseradish can support facial circulation and promote drainage.

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Acceleration of metabolism 

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Another great health benefit of horseradish is that the natural chemicals isothiocyanates help with weight loss, naturally speeding up metabolism. 4

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Helps for good digestion 

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Along with the taste, which is distinctive, horseradish promotes healthy digestion. For example, it supports liver function. Horseradish is part of a group called cholagogues because it triggers the gallbladder to release bile - a key aspect of the digestive process.&nbsp;

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Anti-cancer properties of horseradish 

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Studies published in the medical journal Molecules since 2016, as well as research in the Journal of Agricultural and Food Industry, found encouraging results on horseradish and cancer.

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There are bioactive compounds, including one called sinigrin, which can help your body fight cancer. For example, studies have shown that it helps slow the spread of cancer cells, especially in the liver. More research is needed to confirm the findings, but it is positive to note that further studies are ongoing in this regard. 5

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Recipes with horseradish 

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Homemade horseradish  

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This recipe uses a small root to prepare 1/2 cup of ready-made horseradish. Due to the small amount, it is best to use a small food processor or chopper. Double the recipe for a large food processor by making 1 cup.&nbsp;

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Before you start, it's important to warn you to be careful. Crushed fresh horseradish is many times stronger than freshly chopped onions and can really hurt your eyes if you get too close. Keep at least at your fingertips and work in a well-ventilated room.

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Ingredients:

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<ul><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">1 piece of horseradish&nbsp;root</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">2 tablespoons water, more if necessary</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">1 tablespoon white vinegar, more if necessary</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Pinch of salt</li></ul>Preparation steps:

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<ol><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Dig or buy 2-25 cm. horseradish root:</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">If you have access to the garden plant, use a sturdy shovel to dig up a horseradish tuber of this length.</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Remove the leaves (if necessary) and rinse the dirt from the root.</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Use a vegetable peeler to peel the surface skin of the tuber. Cut into pieces.</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Place in a small food processor. Add a few tablespoons of water. Process until well digested, adding more water over a teaspoon if necessary.&nbsp;</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Strain some of the water if the mixture is too liquid. Add a tablespoon of white vinegar and a pinch of salt to the mixture. Run the blender again to mix the ingredients.</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Keep in mind that vinegar will stabilize the level of hotness of ground horseradish, so do not wait too long to add it to the mixture. Add more vinegar, 1 teaspoon at a time, if necessary.</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Try to taste and when you are ready, carefully transfer the grated horseradish to a jar with a rubber spatula. You can store it for at least 1 month in the refrigerator.</li></ol>

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Preparation of horseradish for use as a spice 

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Peel the root and grate it finely or cut it into cubes and place the horseradish cubes in a blender. Add one or two ice cubes and grind the horseradish until smooth. (Make sure you do this in a well-ventilated room and use eye and nose protection. The smell can be quite sharp.)

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For a softer taste, add immediately 1 to 2 tablespoons of white vinegar and a few pinches of salt. For hot and spicy horseradish, wait 3 minutes before adding 1 to 2 tablespoons of white vinegar and a few pinches of salt.

Recipe-for-mayo-with-horseradish

Recipe for mayo with horseradish 

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Homemade mayonnaise may sound like something impossible, but we have a great recipe for this rich and adaptable ingredient in the kitchen at your fingertips. Mayonnaise, from spicy to sweet, is suitable for almost everything from sandwiches, to salads, vegetables and meats. Horseradish in the recipe adds us a spicy note that combines perfectly with roast beef or smoked fish, for example. You can also use horseradish mayonnaise in devil's eggs or as a dip for french fries.&nbsp;

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<ul><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">1 large yolk (at room temperature)</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">2 tablespoons fresh lemon juice&nbsp;</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">1 teaspoon white wine vinegar</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">1 teaspoon Dijon mustard</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">1/2 teaspoon salt</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">3/4 cup rapeseed (or vegetable oil)</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">1 to 2 tablespoons of ready-made horseradish (adjust to taste)</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Optional: 2 tablespoons parsley, dill or chives (finely chopped)</li></ul>Preparation steps:

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<ol><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Beat the egg yolk, 1 teaspoon of lemon juice, vinegar, mustard and salt in a large bowl until well mixed and slightly thickened.&nbsp;</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Top up oil 1/4 teaspoon at a time, stirring vigorously between each addition until the mayonnaise begins to thicken and become homogeneous. Add the remaining oil in a constant but thin stream, stirring constantly. You can stop before using all the oil if the mayonnaise reaches the consistency you want.&nbsp;</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Measure 1/2 cup mayonnaise in a clean bowl. Add horseradish, the remaining 1 teaspoon of lemon juice and herbs if you use, and mix gently to mix well.</li></ol>If the mayonnaise fails to get into the right consistency, beat a new yolk in a clean bowl until thickened, then add the first mayonnaise drop by drop, beating vigorously until homogenized.&nbsp;

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You can prepare the mayonnaise in a blender or food processor. Pulse the ingredients from step 1 to combine them, then slowly pour the oil when the engine is running. Add horseradish and herbs, if you're using, for the last 20 seconds.

One of the biggest advantages of horseradish is that it provides great taste with very few calories and very little fat. It contains great amounts of vitamin C and other nutrients, has a beneficial effect on digestion and metabolism, has antibacterial action and potential anti-cancer properties. Now you will also know how to use it in cooking and in different recipes according to your preferences.

The incredible benefits of horseradish and recipes for its preparation

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Бетина Цветкова

General-information-on-birch-trees-and-leaves

General information on birch trees and leaves

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"Birch leaf" is the common name for the leaves of the betula pendula roth tree or Betula pubescens Ehrh. &nbsp;<a href="https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-642-61535-1_16?error=cookies_not_supported&amp;code=1dc7934c-8d6d-41fc-9b96-1b33046d2d07" target="_blank" data-ref="Birch ( Betula spp.)" rel="noopener">[Ref. 1]</a>&nbsp; The genus Betula, colloquially known as birches, is composed of about 120 different species of small to medium-sized deciduous trees and shrubs with thin leaves.

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Throughout history, birch bark has been used in the practices of traditional medicine by the indigenous peoples of North America to treat superficial wounds by applying the bark directly to the skin. The birch leaf, in turn, was used as a mild diuretic for the dew of the urinary tract, especially in inflammations and cases of blockage of the kidneys. It is also used as an aid in the treatment of bacterial infections and spasmodic urinary tract disorders.

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Ayurvedic-health-benefits-of-birch-leaves

Ayurvedic health benefits of birch leaves

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In The Science and Practice of Herbal Medicine, phytotherapist David Hoffman writes: "Birch leaves are an effective remedy for cystitis and other urinary system infections and help remove excess water from the body. &nbsp;<a href="https://books.google.de/books?id=e10oDwAAQBAJ&amp;newbks=0&amp;hl=en&amp;redir_esc=y" target="_blank" data-ref="Medical Herbalism" rel="noopener">[ref. 2]</a>&nbsp;Perhaps because of this purifying and diuretic activity, the plant has been used to treat gout, rheumatism and mild arthritic pain. With urinary tract infections, tea can be prepared, with several leaves boiled in a glass of water for 5-10 minutes. Tea is consumed unsweetened.

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Some of the other areas of application for which there is evidence that birches and their components have a beneficial effect are:

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<ul><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Blood purifier: Use a tablespoon of inner birch bark with one glass of boiling water. Take one glass a day.</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Analgesic: Birch essential oil can be applied externally to relieve headaches, menstrual cramps, abdominal cramps, gout, rheumatism and other pains.</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Wounds: Boil the bark in a little water and use the liquid for wound cleaning.</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Baldness: The decoction of leaves can be used as a means of rinsing hair.</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Arthritis: Prepare for the decoction 1 teaspoon birch bark and 1 teaspoon dandelion root (Radix Taraxaci). Add 1 slice of grated ginger root (Zingiber officinale). Keep it low. Turn off the heat when it boils. Drink half a cup when it cools down. Do not use this medicine if you are sensitive to analgesics.</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Septicaemia: Take an equal amount of nettle root (Urtica dioica L.), horseradish leaves (Equisetum arvense L.), birch leaves, dandelion leaves. Prepare a potion. Take one glass once a day.</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Kidney stones: Boil one tablespoon of birch leaves in half a glass of water for 10 minutes. Leave to stand for 2 hours. Add half a tablespoon of baking soda. Take one glass a day.</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Gallstones: Take dandelion root, milk thistle (Silybum marianum), birch leaves and nettle leaves in equal quantities. Make tea by boiling all these herbs together and drinking regularly to prevent kidney and bile stones.&nbsp;</li></ul>

Possible-side-effects-when-using-birch-leaves

Possible side effects when using birch leaves

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People who are allergic to wild carrots, wormwood, celery and other spices may react to birch pollen. This pollen can also cause allergic reactions in people who are sensitive to other plants such as apples, soybeans, hazelnuts and peanuts.

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Side effects reported with birch leaf medicines include:

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<ul><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Diarrhea.</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">A feeling of discomfort similar to getting sick.</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Allergic reactions such as itching, rash and stuffy and runny nose. &nbsp;<a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/labs/pmc/articles/PMC7126499/" target="_blank" data-ref="Medicinal plants of the genus Betula&mdash;Traditional uses and a phytochemical&ndash;pharmacological review" rel="noopener">[Ref. 2]</a>&nbsp; </li></ul>Birch leaves should not be used in patients with a decreased renal or cardiac function. Pregnant and lactating mothers should avoid the use of birch leaves. It should also be taken into account that birch leaves can lead to an increase in the amount of salt in the body, which in turn worsens problems with high blood pressure. Therefore, if you have any of these conditions, ask your doctor for advice before taking tea, using in culinary or other things invlonving birch leaves.

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Birch leaves are traditionally used as a herbal treatment and as an antiseptic for the urinary tract, to relieve arthritic pains and due to their antimicrobial action. Birch leaves can be boiled in tea and taken internally for various health problems, but there are some contraindications, for example, in people with hypertension, pregnant and nursing mothers.

Birch leaves - health benefits, usage and side effects

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Birch leaves - healing properties, use and side effects

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Adaptation of the text: Rositsa Tashkova, Master of Molecular Biology and Microbiology

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The Russian state occupies vast territories with diverse climatic conditions and includes many peoples and their culture. This makes especially interesting the study of their folk medicine.

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Medicinal plants have been used in the lands that make up modern Russia since ancient times. A study of numerous written sources shows that herbal treatments were applied by the Scythians living in the northern territories along the Black Sea coast between the Dniester and Don rivers (from the 7th century BC to the 1st century AD).

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The collection and use of medicinal plants in Russia became especially widespread during the reign of Peter I (1672-1725), who personally grew medicinal herbs in his private garden. &nbsp;

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This article is devoted to the most common herbal recipes from Russian folk medicine for the treatment of various dermatological diseases. Medicinal plants are well known and available in our country. The information is taken from the article "Russian traditional medicine in dermatology", published in 2018 in the journal Clinics in Dermatology. [<a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0738081X18300439" target="_blank" rel="noopener">ref.1</a>]

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The authors Prof. Dr. Olisova, Prof. Dr. Snarskaya, Prof. Dr. Gladko and Prof. Dr. Burova are dermatologists with long-standing practice in Moscow and London.

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In <a href="/p/liesni_rietsiepti_ot_ruskata_narodna_mieditsina_za_liechieniie_na_kozhni_zaboliavaniia_chast_1_vitiligho_infiektsii_bradavitsi_bc3df7f8_9ae1_4e6a_a6f1_ceb16618772d" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">the first part of the article</a>, you learned what are the recipes that Russian folk medicine uses to treat vitiligo, infections and warts, and in <a href="/p/liesni_rietsiepti_ot_ruskata_narodna_mieditsina_za_liechieniie_na_kozhni_zaboliavaniia_chast_2_aknie_diermatit_rozatsieia" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">the </a>second - for acne, dermatitis and rosacea. Here you will find recipes for dealing with hyperpigmentation, wrinkles, psoriasis, hyperhidrosis.

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Herbal-Recipes-For-Dealing-With-Hyperpigmentation

Herbal Recipes For Dealing With Hyperpigmentation

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There are many causes of hyperpigmentation. It can be focal or diffuse and in most cases is due to increased melanin production. Diffuse pigmentation indicates systemic disease, for example, Addison's disease and hemochromatosis.

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Hyperpigmentation may have a paraneoplastic character. After inflammation, hyperpigmentation is the most common cause of focal pigmentation, while melasma and ochronosis have a more complex etiology.

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Folk medicine does not distinguish between types of hyperpigmentation and should therefore be used with caution.

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Russian folk medicine uses the whitening properties of lemon, grapefruit, sauerkraut, radish, parsley, cucumber, egg white, oatmeal, dandelion juice and milkweed (asclepias). It also uses dairy products such as kefir, whey and fermented milk to make lotions to treat pigmented skin.

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Cucumber (Cucumis sativus) belongs to the genus Cucumis of the Cucurbitaceae family. Studies show high antioxidant activity, analgesic and anti-inflammatory action (thanks to flavonol fizetin).

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Cucumber has been used to relieve headaches, seeds - such as diuretic, juice - applied topically against acne and hyperpigmentation.

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It contains vitamins B and C, honey, potassium, manganese, proteolytic enzymes, rutin, oxidase, succinic and maleic dehydrogenases, etc. Alpha- and Beta-amirin, sytosterols and hellebozids are found in seeds, and hellebobids B and C and ferredoxin in the leaves.

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The effectiveness of cucumber preparations in the treatment of hyperpigmentation is also due to the proposed inhibitory tyrosine activity of the plant.

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Lemon is used as a means of treating hyperpigmentation due to its high concentration of vitamin C, as well as as peeling of the skin. Other fruits high in vitamin C include tomatoes, red peppers, potatoes, blackcurrants and citrus fruits.

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Recipe-1:-Lemon-solution-for-skin-whitening

Recipe 1: Lemon solution for skin whitening

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Preparation: Dilute the freshly squeezed lemon juice with water in a ratio of 1:10.

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Method of administration: Apply the solution several times a day to the affected skin.

Recipe-2:-Mask-with-starch-and-lemon-juice-against-dark-spots-on-the-skin

Recipe 2: Mask with starch and lemon juice against dark spots on the skin

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Preparation: Mask made of starch and lemon juice for sun lentigo - depending on the number of stains, half or a tablespoon of potato starch is dissolved in freshly squeezed lemon juice until a dense mass forms.

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Method of administration: Apply to the pigmentation areas and leave for 20-25 minutes. Note that lemon juice can irritate the skin.

Recipe-3:-Cucumber-peel-for-skin-depigmentation

Recipe 3: Cucumber peel for skin depigmentation

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Method of application: The skin can be bleached and toned using cucumber juice or by rubbing fresh cucumber slices on the affected areas.

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Fresh cucumber slices can also be applied to closed eyelids to reduce puffiness.

Recipe-4:-Cucumber-peel-infusion

Recipe 4: Cucumber peel infusion

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Preparation: Peel the cucumber. Place 3 tablespoons of finely chopped peel in a container, pour 1 cup of 40% vodka or 40% medical alcohol, close the container tightly and leave until the contents turn greenish.

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Method of administration: Apply the infusion to the pigmented areas.

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Recipe-5:-Blackcurrant-mask

Recipe 5: Blackcurrant mask

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Preparation: A mask of blackcurrant is prepared from a tablespoon of unripe fruits and a tablespoon of honey.

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Method of administration: The mask should be carefully rubbed on the face and left for half an hour. It is then removed and the face is rinsed with a 1:10 solution of lemon juice and water.

Recipe-6:-Potato-mask

Recipe 6: Potato mask

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Preparation: A mask of grated raw potatoes is prepared with the addition of a few drops of vegetable oil, a tablespoon of milk and almond bran.

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Method of administration: The mask is applied to the pigmented skin for 20 minutes.

Recipe-7:-Mask-with-honey-and-fish-oil

Recipe 7: Mask with honey and fish oil

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Honey mask, which includes fish oil, is suitable for the skin at any age.

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Preparation: All components must be mixed in equal proportions.

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Method of administration: The mask should be applied for 15 minutes.

Recipe-8:-Onion-juice

Recipe 8: Onion juice

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Onion juice for the treatment of freckles and lentigo (spots from the sun).

armoracia rusticana

Birch leaves - health benefits, usage and side effects

Easy Recipes From Russian Folk Medicine For The Treatment Of Skin Diseases. Part 3: Hyperpigmentation, Wrinkles, Psoriasis, Hyperhidrosis

The Most Effective Herbs Against Cystitis