Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by inattention, or excessive activity and impulsivity, which are otherwise not appropriate for a person's age. Some individuals with ADHD also display difficulty regulating emotions or problems with executive function. For a diagnosis, the symptoms should appear before a person is twelve years old, be present for more than six months, and cause problems in at least two settings (such as school, home, or ...

attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

Everyday-Chemicals-Carry-a-Toxic-Burden

Everyday Chemicals Carry a Toxic Burden 

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Potentially dangerous chemicals can be found in every room in your home. If not stored or used properly, these products can cause mild to serious and even life-threatening health problems for you or your children. Keep in mind that most household cleaning products and pesticides are relatively safe when used as directed, and that the toxicity level of a product depends on the dosage of the product used (never use more than the amount indicated on the label) and duration of exposure to the product.&nbsp;

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Of course, there are other toxins that are found in cosmetics or food products, as well as those in kitchen utensils and elsewhere. It is difficult to limit them if we do not first know that the products themselves contain toxins. Everyday household products that contain chemicals and hazardous substances include:

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<ul><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Cosmetics and toiletries, e.g. soap, shampoo, toothpaste, shaving products, insect repellents, sunscreens and make-up</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Toys, crayons and articles for children</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Fuel, e.g. LPG for barbecues and petrol stored for lawnmowers or motor vehicles</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Horticultural products, such as weed repellents&nbsp; and pesticides</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Household cleaners such as sprays, detergent and washing powder, softeners, bleaching products and anti-stain products</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Paint, paint thinners and solvents</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Products for pets, e.g. preparations against fleas and worms and shampoo for pets</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Poison, such as insecticides and bait for pests and insects</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Preparations for cleaning of spa and swimming pools</li></ul>

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What-are-the-most-common-toxins-that-surround-us?

What are the most common toxins that surround us? 

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Among the most common toxic chemicals are organophosphates, flame retardants and phthalates, can be found in food, plastics, furniture, food packaging, cookware, boxes, carpets, shower curtains, electronics and even hair shampoo. They are almost all around us.

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Scientists and researchers believe that many of these chemicals can be carcinogenic or wreak havoc on our hormones regulating various processes in the body. But the effects of these chemicals may be most severe on a baby's developing brain.

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Brain development is most complete and fastest in the first nine months, that is, prenatally. During this time, neural connections and pathways develop. Any interference from physical stress, such as a toxic chemical or other stressor, can disrupt this natural progression, which is so delicate and complex. Therefore, these are the toxins that should be avoided during this period, as well as later in life.

Organophosphate-pesticides

Organophosphate pesticides 

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Organophosphate pesticides are a class of neurotoxic chemicals used as combat agents in the 1930s. Today, however, they account for about half of all pesticides used in the U.S., and possibly other countries as well. And they can make their way to the crops we use as food sources. Areas where pesticides are sprayed intensively, such as farms, may have higher exposure levels.

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Children exposed to higher levels of these pesticides have been found to have a higher rate of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.

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One way to reduce your exposure to organophosphate pesticides is by eating organic products and using alternative pest control methods if you are engaged in growing agricultural produce.

Phthalates

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These chemicals soften plastics and help fragrances and chemicals bind together. Exposure to phthalates has been associated with lower levels of IQ. 1

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Phthalates are commonly found in shampoos, conditioners, body sprays, hair sprays, perfumes, colognes, soap, nail polish, shower curtains, medical tubes, intravenous bags, vinyl flooring and wall coverings, food packaging, and coatings on extended-release pharmaceuticals.

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You can reduce your exposure to phthalates by using fragrance-free lotions and detergents; if you heat food in the microwave in glass containers, not in plastic ones; using fragrance-free cleaners and avoiding air and plastic fresheners designated No. 3 (PVC), No. 6 (PS) and No. 7 (PC). 2

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Polybrominated-diphenyl-ethers

Polybrominated diphenyl ethers 

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These chemicals are used as flame retardants (can slow down the flame speed). They can be found in televisions, computers, insulation products and foam products, including toys and baby pillows, in many items such as carpet mats, furniture foam, appliances and electrical and electronic equipment, as well as building and automotive materials.

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The products can release ethers that accumulate as dust. Based on experimental animal studies, toxicological endpoints of exposure to polybrominated diphenyl ethers probably include disruption of thyroid homeostasis, neurodevelopmental deficits, reproductive changes, and even cancer. Pre- and/or postnatal exposure to these ethers can cause long-term behavioral abnormalities, especially on the motor activity and cognition of the baby. 3

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There is no database or anything like that listing which products these ethers contain, but we can still limit exposure by looking for products that do not contain such flame retardants.&nbsp;

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Experts recommend replacing products such as sofas and pillows that have open foam and using a high-performance HEPA filter to clean dust in the premises.&nbsp; 4

Air-pollutants

Air pollutants 

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Air pollution from burning fossil fuels such as coal, oil or gas is usually associated with respiratory problems. However, these pollutants may also include nitrogen dioxide, formaldehyde and benzene.

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Higher exposure to air pollutants is associated with lower birth weight, premature birth and congenital heart defects. The World Health Organization (WHO) considers exposure to benzene a major public health problem.

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In addition to trying to avoid contaminated areas, try to avoid buying furniture from particle board, plywood or pressed wood. Many of these products use adhesives containing formaldehyde.

Lead

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Lead is a naturally occurring metal. Leaded gasoline was banned in the 1970s, but can still be found in older homes that use lead paint. Lead can also make its way into the water due to corrosion by old water pipes. Lead is also used in various products such as industrial paints, automotive batteries and wheel weights.

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Lead exposure has been associated with ADHD, lower IQ and developmental delays, as well as limiting intellectual development and slowing reflexes. 5

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Babies and young children are most at risk of lead exposure because they often put their hands and toys in their mouths, and they may have had contact with lead in dust.

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Mercury

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Mercury is a naturally occurring element, but can also be released into the environment by the combustion of coal and oil. Mercury can also be found in some household items, such as thermometers, light bulbs and older models of dryers and washing machines. Mercury in the environment can make its way into fish and shellfish. Some fish, such as some tuna species, may have higher mercury concentrations. 6

Polychlorinated-biphenyls

Polychlorinated biphenyls 

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Polychlorinated biphenyls are chemicals already banned in the United States in 1979 because they harm human health and the environment. From the 1920s until their ban, about 680,000 tons were produced for microscope oils, electrical insulators, capacitors and electrical appliances such as televisions or refrigerators. They have been used before on dirt roads to preserve dust before some of the unintended consequences of widespread use are understood.

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The most commonly observed health effects in humans exposed to large amounts of biphenyls are skin diseases such as acne and rashes. Studies in workers exposed to these toxins have shown changes in blood and urine that may indicate liver damage.&nbsp;

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Other effects of polychlorinated biphenyls in animals have been identified, which include changes in the immune system, behavioral changes and impaired reproduction. There is evidence that a group of Michigan children whose mothers were exposed to biphenyls had reduced birth weight and head size, lower scores on standardized memory tests, psychomotor and behavioral tests, and decreased IQ. These effects lasted at least 7 years. 7

Numerous toxic substances create a wide range of health hazards (such as irritation, sensitisation and carcinogenicity) and physical hazards (such as flammability, corrosion and explosiveness). In addition, some of them have been found to have a detrimental effect on the fragile health of unborn children or their mothers. Many toxic chemicals have been linked to neurodevelopmental problems in children, as stated by scientists from the TENDR project.

What are the most dangerous toxins that surround us?

Бетина Цветкова

What-is-Attention-Deficit-Hyperactivity-Disorder-(ADHD)?

What is Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)?

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Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a chronic condition that affects millions of children and often persists into adulthood. ADHD involves a combination of persistent problems, such as difficulty maintaining attention, hyperactivity, and impulsive behavior. &nbsp;<a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK441838/" target="_blank" data-ref="Page not available - NCBI BookshelfTwitterFacebookLinkedInGitHubNCBI Insights BlogTwitterFacebookYoutube" rel="noopener">[ref. 1]</a>&nbsp;

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Children with ADHD may also experience low self-esteem, troubled relationships, and poor school performance. Symptoms sometimes decrease with age. However, some people never fully outgrow their symptoms of ADHD. But they can adopt strategies to lead a better life and feel full.

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While treatment won't cure ADHD, it can help control symptoms a lot. Treatment usually involves medications and behavioral therapies, but not only. First of all, early diagnosis and treatment are the basis of good development.&nbsp;

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The National Survey of Child Health, which covers data for the period 2016-2019 in the United States (NSCH), interviewed parents and reported the following data on the prevalence of ADHD among children aged 2-17 years: 6.1 million children (9.4 percent) were ever diagnosed with ADHD. Of these, about 388,000 young children are aged 2-5 years, 2.4 million children are of school age aged 6-11 years and 3.3 million adolescents are aged 12-17 years. <a href="https://chadd.org/about-adhd/general-prevalence/#:~:text=6.1%20million%20children%20(9.4%20percent,percent%20in%20this%20age%20group)" target="_blank" data-ref="General Prevalence of ADHD - CHADD" rel="noopener">[ref.</a>&nbsp;2]&nbsp;

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Although the data shows an increasing number of children with ADHD syndrome, scientists are constantly looking for the root of the problem and methods to help cope with problem behavior.&nbsp;

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In any case, the role of parents is indispensable - it is important to know the early warning signs so that we can help these children as quickly as possible.&nbsp;

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Therefore, if you have recently become a parent or are about to come, start recording your observations and concerns immediately after the baby is born. Did you know that babies actually begin to show the ability to regulate their emotions within months of birth? For example, babies learn to take their eyes off the things that upset them in order to self-soothe and control anger. frustration and anxiety. Kids with ADHD don't do these things like babies.&nbsp;

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As they move into preschool and increase their language capacity, typically developing children can better regulate their emotions. They also begin to react to situations with flexibility and in generally accepted ways. Children with ADHD, on the other hand, continue to have trouble managing new and challenging situations and reducing distress. They cannot cope effectively, i.e. process negative emotions and continue to strongly express their emotions (verbally or physically), show aggression, or demonstrate more avoidant behavior in order to try to self-regulate.

Symptoms-of-ADHD

Symptoms of ADHD 

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Key features of ADHD include inattention, disinterest, and hyperactive-impulsive behavior. Symptoms of ADHD begin before age 12, and some children notice as early as age 2 or 3.&nbsp;

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ADHD occurs more often in men than in women, and behavior may be different in boys and girls. For example, boys may be more hyperactive, and girls may tend to be rather distracted.

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There are three subtypes of ADHD:

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<ol><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Subtype with lack of attention. Most of the symptoms are due to lack of attention.</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Mostly hyperactive/impulsive. Most of the symptoms are of hyperactivity and impulsivity.</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Combined. This is a combination of symptoms of inattention and symptoms of hyperactivity/impulsivity.</li></ol>

Early-signs-of-ADHD-in-babies:-poor-sleep,-nutrition,-frustration

Early signs of ADHD in babies: poor sleep, nutrition, frustration 

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The American Academy of Pediatrics states that children can be diagnosed with ADHD no earlier than age 4, but that doesn't mean ADHD in young children doesn't occur. There are real differences in the brains of children with ADHD that are present at birth and timely intervention should not be postponed.

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It's easy to spot children with highly hyperactive or impulsive behavior they're the ones who are extremely active and spontaneous and usually need less sleep than their peers. But hyperactive behavior is not a hallmark of ADHD for all children; A better predictor of ADHD development is actually a child's ability to regulate their emotions.

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Specifically, early negative emotionality (a weak stress response and a tendency to react with negative emotions) is a strong predictor of ADHD. Babies who may be at risk for ADHD are those who cry constantly and have trouble self-soothing. who are angry and hard to control. They may also have trouble eating and falling asleep, difficult to tolerate frustration. &nbsp;<a href="https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/1087054716653216" target="_blank" data-ref="Just a moment..." rel="noopener">[ref. 3]</a>&nbsp;

Early-Signs-of-ADHD-in-Young-Children:-Intense,-Uncontrolled-Emotions

Early Signs of ADHD in Young Children: Intense, Uncontrolled Emotions

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When negative emotionality persists into childhood, it seems quite different from a few typical toddler tantrums. Children with ADHD show more aggressive and emotionally intense behavior when they are denied a reward. When presented with challenging tasks, such as puzzles with missing parts, young children with ADHD show more frustration, negative expressions, emotional outbursts, and anger than their neurotypical peers. They also give up such activities more quickly.

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In short, young and preschoolers with ADHD are overly reactive. Why? Because they feel emotions more deeply and hold them longer than people without ADHD. They react excessively with positive emotions, such as excitement, which can mean screaming and bouncing for joy for small things. They also react too much with negative emotions, disappointment, and frustration, which often leads to outbursts of anger or aggressive behavior.

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When neurotypical young children reach the age of 3 or 4, they can begin, for example, waiting after dinner for ice cream without falling into a nervous breakdown. However, preschoolers with ADHD cry or scream regularly in such minor situations. Even small problems with these children turn into big ones, and they show it with their emotional outbursts. Waiting is almost impossible with them, they have the urgent need and put extreme pressure to get things in the moment.

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When upset, young children with ADHD also tend to break out more often, intensely, and disruptively than other children their age. The child's reactions are excessive, completely disproportionate to the event and/or inadequate to the context. For example, refusing dessert after dinner can give rise to such an outbreak. It can last 20 minutes or more, and often the child cannot calm down on his own and may even consider "revenge."

Diagnosis-of-ADHD-in-children

Diagnosis of ADHD in children 

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Children can only receive a diagnosis of ADHD when they reach school age. Pediatricians and mental health professionals can base a diagnosis of ADHD on a child's behavior and other symptoms. Sometimes it's easy for parents and teachers to confuse certain behaviors with ADHD.

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Most young children can sometimes exhibit hyperactivity, impulsivity, and inattention. However, this does not mean that they have attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. There are other evaluation criteria, such as a specialist pediatrician and psychologist can confirm the diagnosis of "ADHD syndrome".

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In general, the guidelines for diagnosing ADHD do not cover children aged 3 years or less. However, some doctors diagnose ADHD in young children. Factors that can cause a doctor to suspect ADHD at this age include:

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<ul><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Genetic factors</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">if the mother used drugs or alcohol during pregnancy</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">if the mother smoked during pregnancy</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">if the mother was exposed to environmental toxins during pregnancy</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">premature birth or low birth weight</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">problems with the central nervous system at critical moments of development</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">slowing of motor development, speech and language</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Behavioural difficulties</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Family history of ADHD</li></ul>

If signs of ADHD are suspected, parents should take the child to a pediatrician or family doctor. A specialist such as a behavioral pediatrician, psychologist, psychiatrist or pediatric neurologist can then be visited. It is important to first have a medical assessment to assess whether there are other reasons for the child's difficulties. There are no guidelines for treating young children or babies with ADHD. However, guidelines for slightly older children suggest trying behavioral therapy and parenting training methods before using drugs with a dubious effect. In addition to these recommendations, it is important to achieve an understanding of the condition itself, which is characterized by abnormal brain development, and this leads to corresponding changes in perception and behavior. In this way, the behavior of loved ones can also be adapted to the specifics of the condition, which requires a lot of patience, understanding and acceptance.&nbsp;&nbsp;

Signs and symptoms of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in young children

Signs and Symptoms of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

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Author: Rositsa Tashkova, Master of Molecular Biology and Microbiology

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Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder or ADHD is characterized by great impulsivity, hyperactivity and inability to self-control and concentration.

What-is-ADHD

What is ADHD

What-is-ADHD_0_0

The disease occurs more often in boys and persists throughout life in many of those affected, but others manage to partially overcome it or develop mechanisms by which it does not manifest itself so strongly and does not interfere with their lives.

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According to some sources, the condition affects 1 in 12 children or teenagers.

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The syndrome is classified as:

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<ul>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">developmental disease - delayed development of the frontal lobe of the brain leads to delayed development of self-control, which is characteristic of ADHD;</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">behavioural disorder;</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">neurological pathology.</li>
</ul>

Lifestyle-changes-that-may-improve-the-condition

Lifestyle changes that may improve the condition

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Some lifestyle changes may help ADHD sufferers avoid medication.

Exercise

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Several studies in recent years have shown that exercise helps children (suffering from attention deficit hyperactivity disorder or not) to better concentrate on mental tasks afterwards. [<a href="https://www.jpeds.com/article/S0022-3476(12)00994-8/fulltext" target="_blank" rel="noopener">ref.2</a>]

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Alternating physical with mental activity gives better results and greater productivity at all and is especially suitable for children for whom concentration is more than an effort of will.

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Good-sleep

Good sleep

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Sleep is another factor that needs to be addressed in children with ADHD. Studies have shown that when they are tired, children with or without ADHD often become hyperactive when they are tired. Adults become slower and slothful when tired, but the reaction of children is the opposite. It is assumed that one of the reasons for hyperactivity is that it helps children stay awake. [<a href="https://www.apa.org/monitor/2013/02/easing-adhd" target="_blank" rel="noopener">ref.3</a>]

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In addition, it was found that even just half or an hour more or less of sleep affects children's mood and abilities. Therefore, an approach worth trying is for the child to sleep a little longer than usual.

Foods-and-drinks-to-avoid

Foods and drinks to avoid

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Some foods and beverages may worsen symptoms of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder:

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<ul>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Candy - sugar and artificial colorants badly affect sufferers of the syndrome;</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Carbonated drinks and caffeine - containing drinks;</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Some frozen fruits and vegetables - problematic are those containing artificial dyes or organophosphates are used in their cultivation;</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Cakes and glazes - because of the large amount of sugar and colorants;</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Energy drinks - unfortunately are too popular both among young children and among teenagers;</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Fish high in mercury - such are the large ocean fish, the shark.</li>
</ul>

Vitamins-and-minerals-to-help-ADHD-sufferers

Vitamins and minerals to help ADHD sufferers

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Some vitamins, minerals and other supplements may improve the condition of those suffering from attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.

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Additives that may have a beneficial effect are:

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<ul>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Zinc - low levels of zinc are associated with both decreased function of the immune system and a number of diseases of the brain - Parkinson's, <a href="/p/altskhaimier_i_diemientsiia_6_bilki_koito_pomaghat_sporied_kitaiskata_traditsionna_mieditsina_c66a2085_1e30_40d8_9347_9fa3d0ac5bd2" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer"></a>Alzheimer's , depression and last but not least- ADHD. Additional zinc intake can improve the condition of those suffering from these diseases.</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Iron - according to some studies, ADHD sufferers often have iron deficiency and it has been found that additional intake and normalization of its levels can alleviate symptoms.</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Omega-3 fatty acids - it has been found that people suffering from SDVH or other behavioral abnormalities often have decreased levels of omega-3 fatty acid called docosahexaenic acid (DHA). Read more in the article Why <a href="/p/zashcho_omiegha_3_mastnitie_kisielini_sa_zdravoslovni_i_za_kakvo_sie_izpolzvat" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">omega-3 fatty acids are healthy and what they are used for</a>. </li>
</ul>

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<ul>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Vitamins of group B - vitamin B6 seems to have a beneficial effect on the symptoms of ADHD, especially in combination with magnesium. According to some studies, the intake of folic acid (vitamin B9) during pregnancy is of great importance and the children of women who have not had sufficient intake, more often suffer from the disease.</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Magnesium - the additional intake of magnesium can have a beneficial effect only in cases where the sufferer of ADHD has a proven magnesium deficiency. In high doses, it can be toxic.</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Melatonin - can be beneficial for children with ADHD who also suffer from insomnia. Only after consulting a doctor.</li>
</ul>

Herbs-to-help-ADHD-sufferers

Herbs to help ADHD sufferers

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Some herbs and medicinal plants may also improve the condition of those suffering from attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Most of them are sedative. Consultation with a doctor before taking any herbs is mandatory.

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Here are who they are:

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<ul>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Asian ginseng (Panax ginseng) - it is possible to suppresshyperactivity. Read more in the article <a href="/p/zhienshient_8_prichini_poradi_koito_kitaitsitie_gho_narichat_kralitsata_na_bilkitie" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">Ginseng: 8 reasons why the Chinese call it the "Queen of Herbs"</a>.</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">A combination of valerian (Valeriana officinalis) and Lemon Balm (Melissa officinalis) - according to a study on169 children from 2014, this combination significantly improves all symptoms of ADHD - hyperactivity, lack of concentration, impulsivity, insomnia. [<a href="https://www.bioseek.eu/en/eng/research/pubmed/Hyperactivity_concentration_difficulties_and_impulsiveness_improve_during_seven_weeks_treatment_with_valerian_root_and_lemon_balm_extracts_in_primary_school_children_24837472" target="_blank" rel="noopener">ref.4</a>]</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1"> Ginkgo biloba - the results of the tests are mixed, some showing improvement and others lack of effectiveness. If you decide to try this herb, it is mandatory to consult a doctor, since it interacts with many drugs, including blood thinners and the combination with themcan lead to hemorrhages. Not suitable for those suffering from intestinal diseases.</li>
</ul>

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<ul>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Brahmi, Bacopa monnieri - some studies have shown an improvement in concentration in adults suffering from ADHD.</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Gotu cola,&nbsp;Asian centella - rich in vitaminsB1, B2 and B6 - can suppress anxiety.</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Sea pine extract (Pinus pinaster) - is commercially available under the tradename Pycnogenol and according to some studies may have a beneficial effect on the concentration and hyperactivity of sufferers of the syndrome.</li>
</ul>

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder may have varying degrees of manifestation in those affected, but with the help of the right combination of approaches , symptoms can be alleviated and social functionsrestored.