Bupleurum falcatum, also known as sickle-leaved hare's-ear, Chinese thoroughwax, sickle hare's ear and sickle-leaf hare's ear, is a species of flowering plant in the family Apiaceae.It is endemic to Europe and Western Asia.Bupleurum falcatum has been used in Chinese medicine for over 2,000 years as a 'liver tonic'.Bupleurum falcatum has been found to possess antidepressant properties, mediated through the serotonergic & noradrenergic systems (although the precise mechanism remains to be found).

bupleurum falcatum

Why-are-hepatitis-viruses-dangerous?

Why are hepatitis viruses dangerous? 

Why-are-hepatitis-viruses-dangerous?_0_0

Why-are-hepatitis-viruses-dangerous?_0_1

Hepatitis viruses are a serious problem around the world. Hepatitis A, a major cause of acute hepatitis in many parts of the world, is in serious decline in the developed world as a result of the existence of an effective vaccine. The disease remains prevalent in the developing world. Hepatitis B is also significantly inhibited by vaccination in the developed world, but remains a major cause of chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis and liver cancer in parts of Africa and Asia.

Why-are-hepatitis-viruses-dangerous?_0_2

It is important to suggest that viral hepatitis can be fatal. Viral hepatitis types A, B, C, D and E can cause infection and subsequent inflammation of the liver, which can lead to serious diseases, including liver cancer or even death. People infected with hepatitis A and E almost always recover and do not need treatment. In the case of viruses B, C and D, infection can become chronic and some patients may develop a more serious diagnosis, such as liver cancer or cirrhosis. However, if the infection is detected in time, it can be treated.

Why-are-hepatitis-viruses-dangerous?_0_3

In turn, people with the hepatitis C virus can make a full recovery, and there are vaccines that protect against viral hepatitis A, B, D and E.

Why-are-hepatitis-viruses-dangerous?_0_4

Herbal-treatment-for-different-subtypes-of-viral-hepatitis

Herbal treatment for different subtypes of viral hepatitis 

Herbal-treatment-for-different-subtypes-of-viral-hepatitis_1_0

We distinguish several main types of acute viral infections of the liver – these are hepatitis A, E, B and C. They correspond to the subtype of virus that is causative. As you will see from the article, there is a wide range of herbal remedies that can be applied to any type of hepatitis. It is advisable to do this after consulting a medical practitioner in case other drugs are taken or there are specifics in the person's condition.

Herbs-in-acute-hepatitis

Herbs in acute hepatitis  

Herbs-in-acute-hepatitis_2_0

Andrographis-paniculata

Andrographis paniculata 

Andrographis-paniculata_2_0

A hepatoprotective (providing a protective effect to the liver) and antiviral herb seems an ideal recommendation in case of acute infection with the hepatitis A virus. Andrographis paniculata (Andrographis stalk), a Southeast Asian herb of the Acanthaceae family, meets these criteria. The leaves are highly bitter and, according to traditional medicine, are used for liver-related problems. The leaves have been extensively studied and have been shown to be beneficial for people with acute upper respiratory tract viral infections, although most of the studies involved a major producer of extracts from the plant, and negative results may not be Published.&nbsp;

Silybum-marianum

Silybum marianum 

Silybum-marianum_2_0

The seeds of Silybum marianum (milk thistle), specifically the flavonolignan complex known as silymarin extracted from the seeds, have been studied in patients with acute viral hepatitis. The most recent and high-quality study involved patients with acute hepatitis A, B, C or E; cytomegalovirus; or associated with Epstein-Barr hepatitis virus in Egypt.&nbsp;

Silybum-marianum_2_1

Patients were treated with either 140 mg. Three times a day silymarin or multivitamins for 28 days. Jaundice decreases faster in silymarin than in the group of people taking the multivitamin, and tends to reduce other symptoms, such as fatigue and anorexia, more quickly in favor of silymarine. &nbsp;<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19303273/" target="_blank" data-ref="A randomized controlled trial to assess the safety and efficacy of silymarin on symptoms, signs and biomarkers of acute hepatitis - PubMed" rel="noopener">[ref. 1]</a>&nbsp;

Silybum-marianum_2_2

In a much smaller study, silymarin at a dose of 140 mg, three times a day, lowered serum transaminase and bilirubin levels more effectively than placebo in patients with acute hepatitis A or B. Although there is not enough evidence yet, at least we know that silymarin is extremely safe to use. <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/353464/" target="_blank" data-ref="[Results of a double blind study on the effect of silymarin in the treatment of acute viral hepatitis, carried out at two medical centres (author's transl)] - PubMed" rel="noopener">[ref.</a>&nbsp;2]&nbsp;

Herbal-formula-Liv.52-(Liv.52)

Herbal formula Liv.52 (Liv.52) 

Herbal-formula-Liv.52-(Liv.52)_2_0

Herbal-formula-Liv.52-(Liv.52)_2_1

An herbal formula known as Liv.52 has also been studied in people with viral hepatitis caused by hepatitis A, hepatitis B and hepatitis E virus. It is unclear whether this is a traditional formula or a modern recipe; the ingredients are as follows:

Herbal-formula-Liv.52-(Liv.52)_2_2

<ul><li aria-level="1">Capparis spinosa&nbsp;</li></ul><ul><li aria-level="1">Cichorium intybus&nbsp;</li></ul><ul><li aria-level="1">Terminalia arjuna</li></ul><ul><li aria-level="1">Solanum nigrum</li></ul><ul><li aria-level="1">Achillea millefolium&nbsp;</li></ul><ul><li aria-level="1">Cassia occidentalis</li></ul><ul><li aria-level="1">Tamarix gallica</li></ul><ul><li aria-level="1">Ferric oxide calx&nbsp;</li></ul>Several double-blind studies conducted in India have suggested that Liv.52 is effective in patients with acute hepatitis. Most of the formulas were not originally published in English or were in non-mainstream publications. Given these data, it still appears that Liv.52 may clear symptoms and reduce serum bilirubin faster than placebo. The typical Liv.52 dose is 275-550 mg. three times a day in capsules or 5-10 ml. syrup three times a day. &nbsp;<a href="https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0944711305000528" target="_blank" data-ref="Redirecting" rel="noopener">[ref. 3]</a>&nbsp;

Other-herbs-of-alternative-medicine

Other herbs of alternative medicine 

Other-herbs-of-alternative-medicine_2_0

Various other Western and Eastern herbs are widely used as antiviral drugs during other acute infections and should be considered clinically and for research projects to help people recover from acute viral hepatitis faster. These herbs include Ligusticum porteri root (Osha), Ligusticum grayi root, Lomatium dissectum root (Lomatium), herb Forsythia suspensa (Forsitia, Forsycia), herb Hypericum perforatum (St. John's wort) and Coptis chinensis (Golden thread).

Herbs-in-chronic-hepatitis

Herbs in chronic hepatitis 

Glycyrrhiza-glabra-(licorice)-and-G.-uralensis-(Ural-liquorice)

Glycyrrhiza glabra (licorice) and G. uralensis (Ural liquorice) 

Glycyrrhiza-glabra-(licorice)-and-G.-uralensis-(Ural-liquorice)_3_0

Chronic hepatitis C is an extremely common problem around the world. Hepatitis C is usually a very slow-growing disease and can have a wide range of manifestations. A large proportion of people with hepatitis C remain asymptomatic or oligosymptomatic. The main areas of therapeutic interest are to prevent progression of the disease to cirrhosis of the liver or hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and to reduce symptoms, if present.&nbsp;

Glycyrrhiza-glabra-(licorice)-and-G.-uralensis-(Ural-liquorice)_3_1

Interferons and ribavirin are currently used for most patients to suppress viral load, but the drugs are expensive, cause many adverse effects and are not always effective enough. A very large HALT-C study recently found that treatment with IFN-a-2a for many years was not effective in preventing the progression of chronic hepatitis C. Therefore, other means, including herbal ones, should be sought.&nbsp;

Glycyrrhiza-glabra-(licorice)-and-G.-uralensis-(Ural-liquorice)_3_2

Many long-term studies have looked at the triterpenoid saponin known as glycyrrhizin, found in the roots of Glycyrrhiza glabra (licorice) and G. uralensis (Ural liquorice) for patients with chronic hepatitis C. Glycyrrhizin can also be given by intravenous injection together with glycine and cysteine as the drug Stronger Neo-Minophagen C. However, the effects of its administration have not been sufficiently studied in the laboratory.

Glycyrrhiza-glabra-(licorice)-and-G.-uralensis-(Ural-liquorice)_3_3

More impressively, at least three studies in Japan have shown that SNMC may reduce the risk of developing cirrhosis or chronic hepatitis C. One of these studies was a retrospective analysis of 456 patients with chronic hepatitis C seen in hospitals, most of whom had not responded to interferon treatment. The risk of developing hepatocellular carcinoma in patients whose serum ALT fell below 1.5, the upper limit of normal, was 60% lower compared to patients who did not receive this reduction. The average duration of therapy was 4.1 years. <a href="https://www.karger.com/Article/FullText/48283" target="_blank" data-ref="" rel="noopener">[ref.</a>&nbsp;4]&nbsp;

Glycyrrhiza-glabra-(licorice)-and-G.-uralensis-(Ural-liquorice)_3_4

It is not known whether oral licorice products (Glycyrrhiza glabra) would be useful for people with chronic hepatitis C, although the herb is definitely a traditional remedy for liver problems. Assumptions about its potential value come from the use of the shosaiko-to formula in patients with chronic hepatitis B. This formula includes the following herbs:

Glycyrrhiza-glabra-(licorice)-and-G.-uralensis-(Ural-liquorice)_3_5

<ul><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Bupleurum falcatum - root, 16%&nbsp;</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Paeonia lactiflora - root, 16%&nbsp;</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Pinellia ternata - rhizome, 14%&nbsp;</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Cinnamomum cassia- bark, 11%&nbsp;</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Zingiber officinale - rhizome, 11%</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Zizyphus jujuba &mdash;fruit, 11%</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Panax ginseng &mdash;root, 8%</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Scutellaria baicalensis &mdash;root, 8%</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Glycyrrhiza uralensis &mdash;rhizome, 5%</li></ul>People taking licorice or glycyrrhizin in any form should be warned to regularly monitor their blood pressure and potassium levels in serum or urine. Doses should be reduced or treatment stopped if these parameters become imbalanced. Potassium-depleting diuretics enhance glycyrrhizin toxicity and should not be combined with it except under very close medical supervision.

Glycyrrhiza-glabra-(licorice)-and-G.-uralensis-(Ural-liquorice)_3_6

Taraxacum-officinale-(Dandelion)-and-root-of-Arctium-lappa-(burdock)

Taraxacum officinale (Dandelion) and root of Arctium lappa (burdock) 

Taraxacum-officinale-(Dandelion)-and-root-of-Arctium-lappa-(burdock)_3_0

Other traditional hepatoprotective herbs are Taraxacum officinale root (Dandelion) and Arctium lappa root (burdock). These herbs are commonly used by herbalists and naturopathic doctors in chronic hepatitis C and should be considered in research.

Taraxacum-officinale-(Dandelion)-and-root-of-Arctium-lappa-(burdock)_3_1

Another herb that counteracts inflammation is Curcuma longa (turmeric), which also has a strong history of use as a hepatoprotective agent and has been shown to reduce inflammation in hepatocytes and protect these cells against iron overload.&nbsp;

Chronic-hepatitis-B

Chronic hepatitis B  

Chronic-hepatitis-B_4_0

The hepatitis B virus (HBV) is an epidemic in Asia and Africa, although the availability of a vaccine is beginning to reduce the incidence of this disease. Unlike chronic hepatitis C, chronic hepatitis B is much more likely to progress to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Therefore, there is an acute need for an effective, safe alternative to drug therapies (to which the virus often develops resistance if taken long-term) for this complex and difficult disease.

Shosaiko-to-formula

Shosaiko-to formula 

Shosaiko-to-formula_4_0

The traditional formula, known in Chinese as Xiao Chai Hu Tang and in Japanese as shosaiko-to, which translates into English as Minor Bupleurum Decoction, was first recorded in the book Shang Han Lun. This treatise was written at least 2,000 years ago, and its postulates have been applied for at least as much.&nbsp;

Shosaiko-to-formula_4_1

The ingredients of the Xiao Chai Hu Tang formula are:

Shosaiko-to-formula_4_2

<ul><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Bupleurum falcatum - root, 16%&nbsp;</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Paeonia lactiflora- root, 16%&nbsp;</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Pinellia ternatа - rhizome, 14%&nbsp;</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Cinnamomum cassia&nbsp; - bark, 11%&nbsp;</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Zingiber officinale- rhizome, 11%</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Zizyphus jujuba &mdash;fruit, 11%</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Panax ginseng &mdash;root, 8%</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Scutellaria baicalensis &mdash;root, 8%</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Glycyrrhiza uralensis &mdash;rhizome, 5%</li></ul>Two randomized trials have evaluated the long-term potential of this formula for the prevention of hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with chronic hepatitis B in Japan. In the first study, 260 patients with cirrhosis caused by chronic hepatitis B were treated with conventional therapies, and some subjects were also randomized to take 7.5 g daily shosaiko-to for 34 months. The incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma at the end of the follow-up period was significantly lower in the shosaiko-to group compared to patients in the control group. In what appears to be an extension of the original study to 60 months, HCC levels are still lower and survival is better in the shosaiko-to group than in the conventional therapy group. <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8625175/" target="_blank" data-ref="Prospective study of chemoprevention of hepatocellular carcinoma with Sho-saiko-to (TJ-9) - PubMed" rel="noopener">[ref.</a>&nbsp;5]&nbsp;

Fuzheng-Huayu-formula

Fuzheng Huayu formula 

Fuzheng-Huayu-formula_4_0

Another formula based on herbs traditionally used for liver problems and experimentally proven to have antifibrotic action and benefits in patients with cirrhosis has been studied in patients with chronic hepatitis B. The ingredients of the formula are:

Fuzheng-Huayu-formula_4_1

<ol><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Salvia miltiorrhiza (Chinese sage) - root 33.3%&nbsp;</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Gynostemma pentaphyllum - root 25%&nbsp;</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Fermentation mycelium powder - 16.7%&nbsp;</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Schisandra chinensis (Schisandra) - fruit 8.3%&nbsp;</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Prunus persica (Peach)—seed 8.3%&nbsp;</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Pinus spp. (Pine) - pollen 8,3%</li></ol>

There are many herbal remedies that can be used in the subtypes of viral hepatitis. Their role is to exert a hepatoprotective effect, that is, to protect the liver from or prevent damage. Herbal treatment for viral hepatitis can be carried out using a large number of herbs and herbal formulas, some of which come from Chinese or Indian traditional medicine, but also from other alternative healing&nbsp; systems.

Herbal treatment for viral hepatitis - which herbs support the liver

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Бетина Цветкова

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Adaptation of the text: Rositsa Tashkova, Master of Molecular Biology and Microbiology

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We are mostly used to looking for immunostimulating action in herbs, but there are at least two groups of people who need immunosuppression: those suffering from autoimmune diseases and those who have undergone transplantation.

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The most common autoimmune diseases are <a href="/p/17_dostpni_bilki_v_pomoshch_na_stradashchitie_ot_mnozhiestviena_sklieroza_e283f90a_9560_4d6e_9921_d3260c14b70c" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">multiple sclerosis</a>, rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis and <a href="/p/psoriazis_i_psoriatichien_artrit_sshchnost_prichini_i_liechieniie_646d5c4e_2d56_4246_894b_bd4b98ec5d3c" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">psoriatic arthritis</a>, <a href="/p/da_spazvamie_li_biezghlutienova_diieta_ako_imamie_khashimoto_9d8c8cda_3bfc_429e_9906_1f14e0d3b605" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">Hashimoto's thyroiditis</a>, Graves' disease, <a href="/p/kakvo_ie_boliest_na_kron_i_kak_sie_diaghnostitsira_f1bbb289_7915_4718_983b_21a0ff00feaa" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">Crohn's disease</a> and ulcerative colitis, lupus, <a href="/p/vsichko_za_diabiet_tip_1_na_iedno_miasto_751da342_2d55_43af_ae7f_1e1c89cd3800" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">type 1</a><a href="/p/vsichko_za_diabiet_tip_1_na_iedno_miasto_751da342_2d55_43af_ae7f_1e1c89cd3800" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">diabetes</a>, vitiligo, <a href="/p/zashcho_kosata_pobieliava_mozhie_li_tova_da_sie_sluchi_za_iedna_noshch_i_naistina_li_striest_ima_vliianiie_04946b5c_b12d_49e6_883e_20c04f1389b8" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">alopecia areata</a>.

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This article is based on a 2012 publication. (Herbal Medicines for Immunosuppression, authored by Zahra Amirghofran, <a href="https://ijaai.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijaai/article/view/336" target="_blank" rel="noopener">ref.1),</a>which examines herbs having&nbsp;immunosuppressive and anti-inflammatory effects and may have a protective effect in immune-mediated diseases.

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Due to the severe side effects of the most commonly used medications (glucocorticoids and cyclophosphamides), increasing attention has been paid in recent years to substances of plant origin&nbsp;that could replace&nbsp;them.

Turmeric-(Curcuma-longa)

Turmeric (Curcuma longa)

Turmeric-(Curcuma-longa)_0_0

Turmeric is derived from tropical South Asia and very often finds application in folk medicine for the treatment of infections and inflammatory diseases.

Turmeric-(Curcuma-longa)_0_1

The main biological effects of turmeric are attributed to the substance curcumin - natural polyphenol with strong anti-inflammatory and antioxidant action. Curcumin can alter the expression of various transcription factors, cell cycle proteins and kinases - important components of cell life.

Turmeric-(Curcuma-longa)_0_2

It has been found that the substance has an influence on lymphocytes and on a series of immunological functions, including humoral and cellular immunity; it also reduces the production of cytokines. [<a href="https://www.herbal-organic.com/bg/pubmed/Amelioration_of_experimental_autoimmune_encephalomyelitis_by_curcumin_treatment_through_inhibition_of_IL_17_production_19539560" target="_blank" rel="noopener">ref.2</a>]

Turmeric-(Curcuma-longa)_0_3

Several clinical studies have shown that curcumin may have potential as a therapeutic agent in inflammatory bowel diseases, pancreatitis, arthritis, and chronic anterior uveitis. [<a href="https://www.herbal-organic.com/bg/pubmed/Anti_inflammatory_properties_of_curcumin_a_major_constituent_of_Curcuma_longa_a_review_of_preclinical_and_clinical_research_19594223" target="_blank" rel="noopener">ref.3</a>]

Turmeric-(Curcuma-longa)_0_4

Thunder-god-vine,-Lei-gong-teng-(Tripterygium-wilfordii-Hook-F)

Thunder god vine, Lei gong teng (Tripterygium wilfordii Hook F)

Thunder-god-vine,-Lei-gong-teng-(Tripterygium-wilfordii-Hook-F)_1_0

The plant is bushy and is from the Spindle tree family. It is found in China, Japan, and Korea. The root is mainly used, as the other parts of the plant are very poisonous.

Thunder-god-vine,-Lei-gong-teng-(Tripterygium-wilfordii-Hook-F)_1_1

Lei gong teng is used to treat rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus. The importance of plant derivatives has been demonstrated by both laboratory and clinical data. [<a href="https://www.herbal-organic.com/bg/pubmed/Parthenolide_a_sesquiterpene_lactone_expresses_multiple_anti_cancer_and_anti_inflammatory_activities_21603970" target="_blank" rel="noopener">ref.4</a>]

Thunder-god-vine,-Lei-gong-teng-(Tripterygium-wilfordii-Hook-F)_1_2

The immunosuppressive activity of the herb can also be used in patients with organ transplantation. Hope for this gives a study of its effects in an animal model of kidney transplantation - the substancedemethylzeilasteral (T-96), isolated from this plant, in combination with prednisone has significantly prolonged the survival of rats with transplanted kidneys [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12412711/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">ref.5</a>].

Licorice-(Glycyrrhiza-sp.)

Licorice (Glycyrrhiza  sp.)

Licorice-(Glycyrrhiza-sp.)_2_0

Herb licorice (liquorice) is used in folk medicine because of its antibacterial, immunomodulatory, cardioprotective, and hepatoprotective action.

Licorice-(Glycyrrhiza-sp.)_2_1

Positive effects have been observed with the use of substances from the plant in <a href="/p/psoriazis_i_psoriatichien_artrit_sshchnost_prichini_i_liechieniie_646d5c4e_2d56_4246_894b_bd4b98ec5d3c" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">psoriasis</a> in combination with milk proteins in the composition of cream [<a href="https://www.bioseek.eu/en/eng/research/pubmed/Chalcones_from_Chinese_liquorice_inhibit_proliferation_of_T_cells_and_production_of_cytokines_11962733" target="_blank" rel="noopener">ref.6</a>].

Licorice-(Glycyrrhiza-sp.)_2_2

Psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis - substance, causes and treatment

Licorice-(Glycyrrhiza-sp.)_2_3

The root of licorice contains glycyrrhizin, the main metabolite of which is glycyrrhizin acid, which&nbsp;has&nbsp;also shown anti-inflammatory effects in various animal models of diseases.

Danshen-(Salvia-miltiorrhiza)

Danshen (Salvia miltiorrhiza)

Danshen-(Salvia-miltiorrhiza)_3_0

The other names of the herb are red sage, Chinese sage, and tan shen. It is very common in China where it is used to treat hepatitis, brain, and heart disease.

Danshen-(Salvia-miltiorrhiza)_3_1

Danshen-(Salvia-miltiorrhiza)_3_2

The plant inhibits the production of gamma-interferon from lymph node cells and can find application in the treatment of immunological diseases.

Danshen-(Salvia-miltiorrhiza)_3_3

The main active substance of danschen is Tanshione IIA (TSN). It reduces the levels of inflammatory cytokines interleukin-2 (IL-2), interleukin-4 (IL-4), gamma-interferon (IFN-γ), and tumor-necrotizing factor-alpha (TNF-α), but increases those of the anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-10 (IL-10).

Green-tea-(Camelliasinensis)

Green tea (Camelliasinensis)

Green-tea-(Camelliasinensis)_4_0

Green tea finds many applications in folk medicine - a painkiller, cardiotonic, carminative (gaseous action), central nervous system stimulant, diuretic, and against difficult digestion.

Green-tea-(Camelliasinensis)_4_1

Polyphenol compounds in green tea have anti-inflammatory properties, and in various experiments, with animal models, they have demonstrated an immunosuppressive effect.

Green-tea-(Camelliasinensis)_4_2

Green tea has alleviated autoimmune symptoms in an animal model of rheumatoid arthritis and in a mouse model of Sjogren's syndrome, and in recent years attention has turned to the substance epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) - a component of green tea with anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory action. [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17935769/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">ref.7</a>]

Green-tea-(Camelliasinensis)_4_3

Green tea: 9 unexpected health benefits and how to prepare it

Feverfew-(Tanacetum-parthenium)

Feverfew (Tanacetum parthenium)

Feverfew-(Tanacetum-parthenium)_5_0

Feverfew, also called Tanacetum, originates in the Balkan Mountains, but today it is distributed in many places around the&nbsp;world.

Feverfew-(Tanacetum-parthenium)_5_1

In folk medicine, it is used in rheumatoid arthritis and fever.

Feverfew-(Tanacetum-parthenium)_5_2

The herb inhibits some inflammatory enzymes and inhibits the excretion of inflammatory mediators nitric oxide, prostaglandin E2 and TNF-α from macrophages, as well as gamma-interferon and interleukin-4 from mononuclear cells in peripheral blood. [<a href="https://www.herbal-organic.com/bg/pubmed/Immunochemical_characterization_of_the_functional_constituents_of_Tripterygium_wilfordii_contributing_to_its_anti_inflammatory_property_18047628" target="_blank" rel="noopener">ref.8</a>]

Feverfew-(Tanacetum-parthenium)_5_3

It is believed that bioactive compounds in the maiden door can be used as an additional agent in immunotherapy of colorectal cancer.

Feverfew-(Tanacetum-parthenium)_5_4

Barberry-(Berberidaceae)

Barberry (Berberidaceae)

Barberry-(Berberidaceae)_6_0

Pickled milk thistle has a long history in traditional medicine.

Barberry-(Berberidaceae)_6_1

Berbamin is a purified compound from common barberry (Berberis vulgaris) and other types of barberry. It has strong anti-inflammatory properties and prolongs the life of mice after skin transplantation.

Barberry-(Berberidaceae)_6_2

Details about the mechanisms of action of these herbs read in the original article [<a href="https://ijaai.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijaai/article/view/336/336" target="_blank" rel="noopener">ref.1</a> - will download the article in PDF].

Other-plants

Other plants

Other-plants_7_0

Other plants have also demonstrated immunosuppressive action in various studies. These include:

Other-plants_7_1

<ul>
<li style="font-weight: 400;"><a href="https://www.herbal-organic.com/bg/relation/%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%8A%D0%BD/%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8A%D0%B7%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%BE/14382-189237/herb-herbal_use/235-6-4" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Garlic</a> (Allium sativum);</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;"><a href="https://www.herbal-organic.com/bg/relation/astragalus%20trimestris/%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8A%D0%B7%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%BE/14688-189237/herb-herbal_use/74--" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Astragalus</a> (Astragalus membranaceus); </li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;"><a href="https://www.herbal-organic.com/bg/relation/%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%81/%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8A%D0%B7%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%BE/14726-189237/herb-herbal_use/150-2-" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Green chiretta</a> (Andrographis paniculata);</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;"><a href="https://www.herbal-organic.com/bg/relation/%D1%81%D1%8A%D1%80%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B0%20%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B0/%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8A%D0%B7%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%BE/15676-189237/herb-herbal_use/20--" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Sickle-leaved hare's-ear</a> (Bupleurum falcatum);</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;"><a href="https://www.herbal-organic.com/bg/relation/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%20%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B0/%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8A%D0%B7%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%BE/15514-189237/herb-herbal_use/18--" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Yuan zhi</a>&nbsp;(Polygala tenuifolia);</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;"><a href="https://www.herbal-organic.com/bg/relation/Clerodendron%20trichotomum/%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8A%D0%B7%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%BE/-189237/-herbal_use/4--" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Clerodendron trichotomum</a>;</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;"><a href="https://www.herbal-organic.com/bg/relation/artemisia%20vestita/%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8A%D0%B7%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%BE/77302-189237/herb-herbal_use/4--" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Artemisia vestita</a>;</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;"><a href="https://www.herbal-organic.com/bg/relation/salvia%20mirzayanii/%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8A%D0%B7%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%BE/19349-189237/herb-herbal_use/4--" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Salvia mirzayanii</a>;</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;"><a href="https://www.herbal-organic.com/bg/relation/dracocephalum%20kotschyi/%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8A%D0%B7%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%BE/170611-189237/herb-herbal_use/4--" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Dracocephalum kotschyi</a>;</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;"><a href="https://www.herbal-organic.com/bg/relation/Zizyphus%20lotus/%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8A%D0%B7%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%BE/-189237/-herbal_use/6--" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Zizyphus lotus</a>;</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;"><a href="https://www.herbal-organic.com/bg/pubmed/Medicinal_plants_as_immunosuppressive_agents_in_traditional_Iranian_medicine_20574119" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Stachys obtusicrena</a>;</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;"><a href="https://www.herbal-organic.com/bg/pubmed/Haussknechtia_elymatica_a_plant_with_immunomodulatory_effects_17652840" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Haussknechtia elymatica</a>;</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;"><a href="https://www.herbal-organic.com/bg/relation/periploca%20sepium/%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8A%D0%B7%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%BE/16975-189237/herb-herbal_use/3--" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Periploca sepium</a>.</li>
</ul>

Other-plants_7_2

Why omega-3 fatty acids are healthy and what they are used for

Other-plants_7_3

Future studies will confirm the place of these and other herbs in the therapy of autoimmune diseases and for maintaining the quality of life of transplanted patients.

Q&amp;A

Q&amp;A_8_0

What causes autoimmune disease?

Q&amp;A_8_1

Scientists do not yet know the exact causes of autoimmune disease, but suggest that the process may be triggered by a viral or bacterial infection, under the influence of certain drugs, toxic substances or genetic predisposition. These factors can confuse the immune system and make it begin to recognize its own cells as hostile.

Q&amp;A_8_2

What are the symotoms of autoimmune disease?

Q&amp;A_8_3

There are over 80 autoimmune diseases or conditions. Despite the different types of autoimmune diseases, many of them have similar symptoms. Common symptoms of autoimmune disease include:

Q&amp;A_8_4

<ul>
<li>Fatigue,</li>
<li>Pain and swelling in the joints,</li>
<li>Skin problems,</li>
<li>Abdominal pain or problems with digestion,</li>
<li>Recurrent fever,</li>
<li>Swollen glands.</li>
</ul>

Q&amp;A_8_5

What type of transplantations are there?

Q&amp;A_8_6

Autotransplantation - with tissue, taken from the same patient that it would be transplanted to.

Q&amp;A_8_7

Allograft and allotransplantation - transplantation of tissue or organ from one person to another - the most common case of transplantation.

Q&amp;A_8_8

Xenograft and xenotransplantation - transplantation of a tissue or organ from one species to another, for example from an animal to a human.

Q&amp;A_8_9

Domino transplants - an example of such a case are patients with cystic fibrosis (a type of lung disease), but a healthy heart; in transplantation, it is easier to transplant both the lung and heart from a deceased donor and for the recipient to give their heart to another patient in need of a heart transplant.

Q&amp;A_8_10

ABO-incompatible transplants - usually in young children up to 12-24 months of age, while the immune system is not yet fully developed and the risk of rejecting an otherwise incompatible transplant is much lower.

bupleurum falcatum

Herbs for autoimmune disease sufferers and transplant patients