Congenital hypothyroidism (CH) is thyroid hormone deficiency present at birth. If untreated for several months after birth, severe congenital hypothyroidism can lead to growth failure and permanent intellectual disability. Infants born with congenital hypothyroidism may show no effects, or may display mild effects that often go unrecognized as a problem. Significant deficiency may cause excessive sleeping, reduced interest in nursing, poor muscle tone, low or hoarse cry, infrequent bowel movements, ...

congenital hypothyroidism

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Symptoms-of-hypothyroidism

Symptoms of hypothyroidism

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Hypothyroidism can manifest in various ways, and its symptoms can be mild to severe. Common symptoms include:

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<ul><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Fatigue</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Weight gain</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Cold intolerance</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Dry skin and hair</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Hair loss</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Constipation</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Depression or mood swings</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Slow heart rate</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Muscle aches and stiffness</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Joint pain and swelling</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Heavy or irregular menstrual periods</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Impaired memory and concentration</li></ul>

Causes-of-hypothyroidism-and-when-to-consult-a-doctor

Causes of hypothyroidism and when to consult a doctor

Causes-of-hypothyroidism-and-when-to-consult-a-doctor_1_0

Several factors can contribute to hypothyroidism, and understanding these causes can help guide appropriate medical consultation. Consult an endocrinologist or primary care physician if you suspect any of the following issues:

Hashimoto's-thyroiditis

Hashimoto's thyroiditis

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<ul><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="2">An autoimmune disorder where the immune system attacks the thyroid gland</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="2">Causes inflammation, leading to reduced hormone production</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="2">Most common cause of hypothyroidism</li></ul>

Thyroid-surgery

Thyroid surgery

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<ul><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="2">Removal of all or part of the thyroid gland</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="2">Can result in hypothyroidism due to insufficient hormone production</li></ul>

Radiation-therapy

Radiation therapy

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<ul><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="2">Treatments for head and neck cancers may damage the thyroid gland</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="2">Can lead to hypothyroidism</li></ul>

Medications

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<ul><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="2">Certain drugs, such as lithium and amiodarone, can interfere with thyroid function and cause hypothyroidism</li></ul>

Iodine-deficiency

Iodine deficiency

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<ul><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="2">The thyroid gland requires iodine to produce hormones</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="2">A lack of iodine in the diet can result in hypothyroidism</li></ul>

Congenital-hypothyroidism

Congenital hypothyroidism

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<ul><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="2">Some babies are born with an underdeveloped or absent thyroid gland, leading to hypothyroidism</li></ul>

Pituitary-gland-dysfunction

Pituitary gland dysfunction

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<ul><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="2">Rarely, a problem with the pituitary gland can cause high TSH levels and hypothyroidism</li></ul>

Side-effects-of-medical-drugs

Side effects of medical drugs

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Some medications can cause or exacerbate hypothyroidism. Examples include:

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<ul><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Lithium: Used for bipolar disorder treatment, may interfere with thyroid function</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Amiodarone: An antiarrhythmic drug that can affect thyroid hormone production</li></ul>

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Herbal-and-natural-remedies

Herbal and natural remedies

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There are several herbs and natural remedies that may support thyroid health. These include:

Ashwagandha-(Withania-somnifera)

Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera)

Ashwagandha-(Withania-somnifera)_3_0

<ul><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="2">An adaptogenic herb that may help balance thyroid hormones</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="2">Known for its stress-reducing and anti-inflammatory properties</li></ul>

Bladderwrack-(Fucus-vesiculosus)

Bladderwrack (Fucus vesiculosus)

Bladderwrack-(Fucus-vesiculosus)_3_0

<ul><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="2">A type of seaweed rich in iodine</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="2">May support thyroid function in cases of iodine deficiency</li></ul>

Siberian-ginseng-(Eleutherococcus-senticosus)

Siberian ginseng (Eleutherococcus senticosus)

Siberian-ginseng-(Eleutherococcus-senticosus)_3_0

<ul><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="2">An adaptogenic herb that may help improve energy levels and reduce fatigue</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="2">May support overall immune function</li></ul>

Nutritional-advice

Nutritional advice

Nutritional-advice_4_0

<ul><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Consume foods high in iodine, such as seaweed, fish, and dairy products</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Include selenium-rich foods like Brazil nuts, tuna, and eggs in your diet</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Incorporate zinc-containing foods, such as oysters, beef, and pumpkin seeds, to support thyroid function</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Limit consumption of goitrogenic foods (e.g., raw cruciferous vegetables) that may interfere with thyroid hormone production</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Stay hydrated and maintain a balanced diet that includes a variety of fruits, vegetables, lean proteins, and whole grains</li></ul>

Nutritional-advice_4_1

Questions-and-Answers

Questions and Answers

Below-are-ten-frequently-asked-questions-that-are-not-covered-in-the-article:

Below are ten frequently asked questions that are not covered in the article:

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Q: Can stress contribute to hypothyroidism?

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A: While stress itself does not cause hypothyroidism, chronic stress can exacerbate symptoms and may contribute to the development of autoimmune conditions like Hashimoto's thyroiditis.

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Q: Is hypothyroidism hereditary?

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A: Genetics can play a role in the development of hypothyroidism, particularly in autoimmune thyroid conditions like Hashimoto's thyroiditis.

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Q: Can hypothyroidism be reversed?

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A: In some cases, addressing the underlying cause of hypothyroidism may result in improved thyroid function. However, in many cases, lifelong hormone replacement therapy is necessary.

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Q: Is it safe to take herbal supplements for hypothyroidism without consulting a doctor?

Below-are-ten-frequently-asked-questions-that-are-not-covered-in-the-article:_5_10

A: It's essential to consult a healthcare professional before starting any herbal or natural treatment, as they can interact with medications and cause side effects.

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Q: Can I lose weight if I have hypothyroidism?

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A: Yes, with proper treatment and a balanced diet, it's possible to lose weight. However, weight loss may be slower due to the reduced metabolic rate associated with hypothyroidism.

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Q: How is hypothyroidism diagnosed?

Below-are-ten-frequently-asked-questions-that-are-not-covered-in-the-article:_5_16

A: Hypothyroidism is typically diagnosed through blood tests that measure thyroid hormone (T3, T4) and TSH levels.

Below-are-ten-frequently-asked-questions-that-are-not-covered-in-the-article:_5_17

Below-are-ten-frequently-asked-questions-that-are-not-covered-in-the-article:_5_18

Q: Can pregnancy cause hypothyroidism?

Below-are-ten-frequently-asked-questions-that-are-not-covered-in-the-article:_5_19

A: Pregnancy can lead to changes in thyroid function, and some women may develop hypothyroidism during or after pregnancy.

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Below-are-ten-frequently-asked-questions-that-are-not-covered-in-the-article:_5_21

Q: How does hypothyroidism affect fertility?

Below-are-ten-frequently-asked-questions-that-are-not-covered-in-the-article:_5_22

A: Hypothyroidism can cause menstrual irregularities and ovulation problems, which may affect fertility. Proper treatment can improve fertility in many cases.

Below-are-ten-frequently-asked-questions-that-are-not-covered-in-the-article:_5_23

Below-are-ten-frequently-asked-questions-that-are-not-covered-in-the-article:_5_24

Q: Are there any specific foods to avoid with hypothyroidism?

Below-are-ten-frequently-asked-questions-that-are-not-covered-in-the-article:_5_25

A: Limiting consumption of goitrogenic foods, such as raw cruciferous vegetables and soy products, may be beneficial. However, cooking these foods can reduce their goitrogenic effects.

Below-are-ten-frequently-asked-questions-that-are-not-covered-in-the-article:_5_26

Below-are-ten-frequently-asked-questions-that-are-not-covered-in-the-article:_5_27

Q: Can exercise help improve hypothyroidism symptoms?

Below-are-ten-frequently-asked-questions-that-are-not-covered-in-the-article:_5_28

A: Regular exercise can help increase energy levels, improve mood, and support overall health in individuals with hypothyroidism. Always consult with a healthcare professional before starting a new exercise regimen.

Hypothyroidism, characterized by symptoms like fatigue, weight gain, and cold intolerance, can be caused by various factors such as Hashimoto's thyroiditis, thyroid surgery, radiation therapy, and certain medications. Identifying the cause is crucial for proper treatment. Natural remedies like ashwagandha, bladderwrack, and Siberian ginseng may support thyroid health. Adopting a healthy lifestyle and consuming a nutrient-rich diet can also contribute to better thyroid function and overall well-being.

Hypothyroidism: Unveiling the Mystery and Discovering Natural Solutions

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Hypothyroidism: Unveiling the Mystery and Discovering Natural Solution

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Author: Rositsa Tashkova, Master of Molecular Biology and Microbiology

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It is no secret to anyone that the first years of our lives, our childhood, are critical to shaping us as individuals, to our health and even our mental abilities. This process begins with our conception, and the most important for the brain are the first 3 years.<a href="../c/nutrition_during_pregnancy" target="_blank" rel="noopener"></a>

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The factors that determine a child's mental development are many. It has already been shown that physical activity and food are among the most significant of them. As for physical activity, it has been found that both sporadic and prolonged periods of activity have a beneficial effect on the child's mental development and ability to learn. [<a href="https://www.bioseek.eu/bg/eng/research/pubmed/The_relationship_between_physical_activity_and_diet_and_young_children_s_cognitive_development_A_systematic_review_27419040" target="_blank" rel="noopener">ref. 1</a>]

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But in this article we will focus on foods, which have been found to have great importance for the development of these abilities in children, and also in adults.

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In this article you will read about:

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<ul>
<li>Western style diet</li>
<li>Foods rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids: Omega-3 and Omega-6</li>
<li>Foods rich in zinc</li>
<li>Iron-rich foods</li>
<li>Iodine-rich foods</li>
<li>Foods rich in vitamin B12</li>
<li>Foods rich in vitamin D</li>
</ul>

Western-style-diet-is-no-good

Western style diet is no good

Western-style-diet-is-no-good_0_0

Studies in older children and adults have found that the "Western diet", which is known for its high content of saturated fats and refined sugars, may impair cognitive (mental) abilities and learning ability, possibly through its association with inflammation, oxidative stress, gut <a href="/p/zashcho_chrievniiat_mikrobiom_ie_tolkova_vazhien_za_nas_i_nashieto_biebie_f1c8c877_5195_4564_831e_1e2eef76df59" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer"></a> microbiome and hippocampus [<a href="https://www.bioseek.eu/bg/eng/research/pubmed/Western_diet_is_associated_with_a_smaller_hippocampus_a_longitudinal_investigation_26349802" target="_blank" rel="noopener">ref. 2</a>].

Western-style-diet-is-no-good_0_1

However, the relationship between diet and cognitive development in young children largely focuses on nutrient deficiencies, such as vitamin B. And this deficiency interferes with key cognitive processes.

Western-style-diet-is-no-good_0_2

Western-style-diet-is-no-good_0_3

However, the role of specific nutrients is important and it is believed that early exposure to unhealthy dietary patterns (low in nutrients and high in sugars and saturated fats) negatively affects children's mental development.

Western-style-diet-is-no-good_0_4

It is possible that a healthier diet - a menu rich in fruits and vegetables, <a href="https://www.healthline.com/nutrition/lean-protein-foods#section14" target="_blank" rel="noopener">"lean proteins"</a> [ref. 3] and whole grains, promote cognitive ability through changes in cellular processes, neuroplasticity or <a href="/p/iepighienietikata_ili_kak_nachint_na_zhivot_upravliava_ghienitie_ni_8ec805d0_069f_4823_89cd_c55d051a9610" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">epigenetic mechanisms</a> [ref. 4].

Western-style-diet-is-no-good_0_5

It seems that an unhealthy diet limits the optimal development of the brain. And the typical diet of children worldwide is suboptimal, with calories usually coming from solid fats and added sugars, including high-fat milk, fatty meats and cheeses, cereals, fruit and carbonated beverages, and candy.

Polyunsaturated-fatty-acids:-Omega-3-and-Omega-6

Polyunsaturated fatty acids: Omega-3 and Omega-6

Polyunsaturated-fatty-acids:-Omega-3-and-Omega-6_1_0

What are essential fatty acids? This term refers to those polyunsaturated fatty acids that must be provided by food, since they cannot be synthesized in the body, but are still necessary for health.

Polyunsaturated-fatty-acids:-Omega-3-and-Omega-6_1_1

As we know, the brain is a rich in lipids (fat) organ. Essential fatty acids are its vital structural components, without which brain cells cannot function optimally. Thus, the provision of fatty acids is of paramount importance for the functioning of the nervous tissue.

Polyunsaturated-fatty-acids:-Omega-3-and-Omega-6_1_2

Omega-3 and Omega-6 (n-3 docosahexaic acid or DHA and n-6 fatty acids) are the main polyunsaturated fatty acids that play a central role in brain development.

Polyunsaturated-fatty-acids:-Omega-3-and-Omega-6_1_3

The accumulation of DHA in the brain occurs during intrautere development and up to 3 years of age, and then accumulated high levels persist throughout life [<a href="https://www.bioseek.eu/bg/eng/research/pubmed/DHA_Effects_in_Brain_Development_and_Function_26742060" target="_blank" rel="noopener">ref. 5</a>].

Polyunsaturated-fatty-acids:-Omega-3-and-Omega-6_1_4

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Enrichment of the diet with fatty acids has a positive impact on the learning abilities, memory, language progress and cognitive abilities of the child as a whole. The accumulation of Omega-3 fatty acids in cell membranes contributes to enhanced processing of information and thus to better problem solving ability, increased attention of children and improved mental abilities.

Polyunsaturated-fatty-acids:-Omega-3-and-Omega-6_1_6

Insufficient intake of Omega-3 fatty acids leads to brain damage. In addition, inadequate or unbalanced intake of fatty acids can lead to disorders of nervous development, such as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder&nbsp;(ADHD), dyslexia and autism spectrum disorders.

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Foods rich in Omega-3 fatty acids (EPA, DHA, ALA per 100 g product):

Polyunsaturated-fatty-acids:-Omega-3-and-Omega-6_1_8

<ul>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Salmon: 4.0 grams EPA and DHA</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Mackerel: 3.0 grams EPA and DHA</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Sardines: 2.2 grams EPA and DHA</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Anchovies: 1.0 grams EPA and DHA</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Chia seeds: 4.9 grams ALA</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Walnuts: 2.5 grams ALA</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Linseed: 2.3 grams ALA</li>
</ul>

Polyunsaturated-fatty-acids:-Omega-3-and-Omega-6_1_9

Concerns about mercury should not stop us from eating fish - or taking fish oil supplements. Normally, mercury is not a problem unless you are pregnant or breast-feeding. In these cases, you may choose fish low in mercury and high in Omega-3, such as: salmon, sardines, trout and canned tuna.

Polyunsaturated-fatty-acids:-Omega-3-and-Omega-6_1_10

Polyunsaturated-fatty-acids:-Omega-3-and-Omega-6_1_11

Foods rich in Omega-6 fatty acids (per 100 g product):

Polyunsaturated-fatty-acids:-Omega-3-and-Omega-6_1_12

<ul>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Soybean oil: 50 grams</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Corn oil: 49 grams</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Mayonnaise: 39 grams</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Walnuts: 37 grams</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Sunflower seeds: 34 grams</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Almonds: 12 grams</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Cashews: 8 grams</li>
</ul>

Which-foods-are-rich-in-zinc

Which foods are rich in zinc

Which-foods-are-rich-in-zinc_2_0

Zinc deficiency appears to be a major problem globally and affects 40% of the world's population. Zinc is a vital nutrient for the brain, with important structural and functional roles.

Which-foods-are-rich-in-zinc_2_1

It is a cofactor for more than 200 enzymes that regulate various metabolic activities in the body, including protein <a href="/p/kakva_ie_razlikata_miezhdu_bieltk_i_protiein_b1b6b96e_e340_46d2_9768_ac9fa8cd6adc" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">synthesis</a> and DNA. It also has a role in:<a href="/p/kak_nuklieinovitie_kisielini_dnk_i_rnk_dirizhirat_zhivota_7b8f007a_0254_40cb_8d72_36410852722e" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer"></a>

Which-foods-are-rich-in-zinc_2_2

<ul>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">neurogenesis,</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">maturation and migration of neurons,</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">the formation of synapses - the connections between the neurons through which the signals are transmitted.</li>
</ul>

Which-foods-are-rich-in-zinc_2_3

Early development, when the activity of cells is highest, can be a particularly sensitive period to zinc deficiency. This can interfere with the work of many organs, especially in childhood, when the nutrient needs are large.

Which-foods-are-rich-in-zinc_2_4

Zinc deficiency is associated with decreased growth of neurons and brain volume, which leads to a possible slowdown in cognitive <a href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/319347144_The_role_of_iron_and_zinc_in_cognitive_development_of_children" target="_blank" rel="noopener"></a>function. In addition, zinc levels have been linked to reading skills and school progress [<a href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/319347144_The_role_of_iron_and_zinc_in_cognitive_development_of_children" target="_blank" rel="noopener">ref. 6</a>].

Which-foods-are-rich-in-zinc_2_5

Which-foods-are-rich-in-zinc_2_6

Moreover, zinc deficiency can cause aggressive and antisocial behavior, decrease in attention, negative influence on temperament, coarse and fine motor skills, as well as social skills.

Which-foods-are-rich-in-zinc_2_7

In conclusion, zinc deficiency leads to poor learning ability, attention and memory capacity.

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Foods that are a good source of zinc are [<a href="https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Zinc-HealthProfessional/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">ref. 7</a>]:

Which-foods-are-rich-in-zinc_2_9

<ul>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Veal: 7.0 mg (per 85 grams)</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Lobster, boiled: 3.4 mg (per 85 grams)</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Pork chop with fat, boiled: 2,9 mg (per 85 grams)</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Baked beans, canned: 2.9 mg (half a cup)</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Chicken, dark meat, boiled: 2,4 mg (per 85 grams)</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Pumpkin seeds, dried: 2.2 mg (per 30 grams)</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Yogurt, with low-fat fruit: 1.7 mg (per 230 grams)</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Cashews, dried, roasted: 1.6 mg (per 30 grams)</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Chickpeas, boiled: 1.3 mg (half a cup)</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Oatmeal, plain, prepared with water: 1.1 mg (in 1 package)</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Milk, low-fat or skimmed: 1,0 mg (in 1 cup)</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Almonds, dried, roasted: 0,9 mg (per 30 grams)</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Chicken breast, roasted, skinless: 0,9 mg (in the halves)</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Cheese, cheddar or mozzarella: 0,9 mg (per 30 grams)</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Peas, green, frozen, boiled: 0,5 mg (in half a cup)</li>
</ul>

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The recommended daily intake of zinc is:

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<ul>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">0-6 months: 2 mg</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">7 months to 3 years: 3 mg</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">4-8 years: 5 mg</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">9-13 years: 8 mg</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">14-18 years: for boys 11 mg, for girls 9 mg</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Over 19 years: for men 11 mg, for women 8 mg, but during&nbsp;pregnancy - 11 mg, and for nursing mothers - 12 mg.</li>
</ul>

congenital hypothyroidism

Which foods boost children's brain development since conception

Should you take a genetic test?