The Crassulaceae, also known as the stonecrop family or the orpine family, are a diverse family of dicotyledon flowering plants characterized by succulent leaves and a unique form of photosynthesis, known as Crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM). Flowers generally have five floral parts. Crassulaceae are usually herbaceous but there are some subshrubs, and relatively few treelike or aquatic plants. Crassulaceae are a medium size monophyletic family in the core eudicots, among the order Saxifragales, ...

crassulaceae

What-is-Sempervivum-tectorum-L.?

What is Sempervivum tectorum L.?

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Sempervivum tectorum is a plant that in Bulgaria we call "debelets". &nbsp;<a href="https://www.herbal-organic.com/bg/herb/19507" target="_blank" data-ref="Sempervivum tectorum" rel="noopener">[ref. 1]</a>&nbsp; Sempervivum tectorum is a decorative, evergreen, perennial succulent that usually forms rosettes up to 10 cm in diameter, with 50 to 60 thick, bare leaves. They are green, sometimes with purple tips. The maternal rosette spreads in all directions through horizontal stems to form branches. In summer, leafy, smoky, upright flowering stems rise from the mother rosette up to 30 cm tall, covered in a color of red-purple colors. &nbsp;<a href="https://plantingman.com/sempervivum-tectorum-houseleek/" target="_blank" data-ref="Sempervivum tectorum (Houseleek) - Succulent plants" rel="noopener">[Ref. 2]</a>&nbsp;

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Sempervivum in Latin means "live forever". Its name embodies the ability to survive even under different conditions, but also embodies the place where the plant can most often be found &ndash; right on the roofs of the houses. Old people believed that it would protect them from lightning, diseases and witches.

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Its healing properties are due to the presence of malic and formic acid in the first place. Sempervivum tectorum L. acts similarly to aloe vera and is considered one of the safest drugs for a wide range of skin diseases.

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Healing benefits of Sempervivum tectorum

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<ul><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Sempervivum tectorum leaves and juice are used due to their cooling and astringent action, applying externally to soothe many skin diseases. As with many other means that are both astringent and soothing, thick juice simultaneously tightens and softens the skin.</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Fresh leaves are astringent, diuretic, cooling as action. They are used as a paw almost in the same way as aloe vera in the treatment of a wide range of skin diseases, burns, bites and stings, etc., and are also used to remove stubborn warts and calluses.</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">The Sempervivum tectorum plant is sometimes also used internally for the treatment of shingles, skin complaints and hemorrhoids, although some care is required, since in excess the plant can have a laxative effect or cause vomiting. The leaves are picked as needed and used fresh for this purpose.</li></ul>In the study "<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31168900/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Wound healing activity and phytochemical screening of purified fractions of Sempervivum tectorum L. leaves on HCT 116</a>" examines the potential activity of the thicket for wound healing, the rate of proliferation and intracellular signaling cascades using cells of human epithelial colorectal cancer (HCT 116). The results confirm the efficacy of purified fractions of S. tectorum L. to enhance cell proliferation and migration, suggesting their potential role as local therapeutic treatments for wound healing. &nbsp;<a href="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/pca.2844" target="_blank" data-ref="Just a moment..." rel="noopener">[ref. 3]</a>&nbsp;

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In another study , <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27396195/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">"Evaluation of Radical Scavenging Activity of Sempervivum tectorum and Corylus avellana Extracts with Different Phenolic Composition</a>" the antioxidant activity of the plant and its diverse phenolic composition is analyzed. &nbsp;<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27396195/" target="_blank" data-ref="Evaluation of Radical Scavenging Activity of Sempervivum tectorum and Corylus avellana Extracts with Different Phenolic Composition - PubMed" rel="noopener">[ref. 4]</a> Antioxidant activity is slightly lower compared to that of Corylus avellana - the ordinary hazel. &nbsp;<a href="https://www.herbal-organic.com/bg/herb/14739" target="_blank" data-ref="Corylus avellana" rel="noopener">[Ref. 5]</a>&nbsp;

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In Bulgarian folk medicine, one of the most famous areas of application is in inflammation of the ear due to the anti-inflammatory action of the plant juice. The ethnopharmacological use of S. tectorum juice for the treatment of ear pain has been demonstrated in "Ethnopharmacological uses of Sempervivum tectorum L. in southern Serbia: Scientific confirmation for the use against otitis linked bacteria", since the juice possesses antimicrobial activity relative to clinical isolates of otitis-related bacteria. &nbsp;<a href="https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0378874115302154" target="_blank" data-ref="Redirecting" rel="noopener">[Ref. 6]</a>&nbsp;

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Recipes-for-the-use-of-Sempervivum-tectorum

Recipes for the use of Sempervivum tectorum

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Simple drops of juice for ear infections 

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Cut a few leaves in half and squeeze two or three drops of their juice into the sick ear. Let the liquid work for a few minutes, then turn over to drain the liquid from the ear cavity.

Plain-tea

Plain tea

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You can also use Sempervivum tectorum to make a tea. Tea is very easy to prepare. Place a few dry chopped leaves in a small bowl with 250 ml. temperature of not more than 80&deg;C for about 15 minutes. Then let the tea cool, drain it and drink. Tea can also be used to soothe irritated skin.

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Simple recipe for Sempervivum tectorum and honey

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Ingredients:

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<ul><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">300 grams of juicy Sempervivum tectorum leaves</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">500 grams of honey</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">200 ml lemon juice</li></ul>Instructions for preparation:

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<ul><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">The leaves of Sempervivum tectorum and lemon juice are mixed in a blender.</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Combine the mixture with the honey.</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Put the mixture in a glass jar, wrap it in foil and refrigerate it.</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Take one teaspoon in the morning on an empty stomach, half an hour before breakfast.</li></ul>

The herb Sempervivum tectorum L. is known for its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antibacterial properties. The beautiful green plant is beneficial for treating ear infections, some skin irritations, and its tea is suitable for detoxifying retained toxic substances from the body.&nbsp;

Usage and health benefits of Common houseleek (Sempervivum Tectorum)

https://sanatio.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/3bfa1bfb-50ab-4606-8854-f9ca4d607b7f_middle.jpg

Usage and health benefits of Common houseleek (Sempervivum Tectorum

Бетина Цветкова

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Author: Rositsa Tashkova, Master of Molecular Biology and Microbiology

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If you think you are not one of the women who uses too much cosmetics, put in one place all your shampoos, perfumes, creams, conditioners, nail polish, makeup and other cosmetic products, and pile up those of your husband at a different spot.

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There is nothing wrong with this, as long as we do not forget that the skin is our largest organ and we need to approach it with due care and attention in order to keep our health and appearance in good condition.

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In this article you will find 8+1 tips for making the right choices when it comes to cosmetics.

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1. Do not replace the dermatologist with your favorite influencer

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There are several main skin types that we have all heard of: normal, dry, oily, mixed and sensitive.

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But this is of great importance in our choice of suitable cosmetics. Something that greatly affects the skin of our friend or famous logger advertises it as miraculous, can make the condition of our own skin worse.

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Let's not forget that most of the so-called " influencers earn their livelihood precisely this way – advertising different products.

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To find out what type of skin our skin is, it is advisable to consult a dermatologist doctor, who will also give us the right recommendations on how to keep it healthy and beautiful.

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We are sometimes so attracted to the type of cosmetic product that we forget its purpose for a moment and confuse it with bathroom decoration.

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Of course, there are several basic rulesapplicable to each skin:

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<ul>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Avoid direct sunlight and wear sunglasses and a hat with a brim;</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Use sunscreen for the face with a high factor;</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Do not smoke;</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">The skin to hydrate;</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Drink enough water;</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Wash the skin well, but carefully every day;</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Let's never go to bed with makeup!</li>
</ul>

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2. Allergic reaction - ugly and deadly

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It is extremely importantthat whenever we buycosmetics, which we have not used before, we check that the product will not cause an allergic reaction. This is especially important for peoplewho already have some allergy to something (not only cosmetics) or have sensitive skin,but it should not beforgotten that each of us, at any moment, can unlock an allergic reaction - even to cosmetics we have been using for years.

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The reaction can vary greatly - from a slight rash- through edema to a very severe reaction and anaphylactic shock, which leads tosuffocation and death.

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Check as follows. Place a small amount on the inside of the elbow and wait between 48 and 72 hours. If you have redness, swelling,itching or burning , do not use thisproduct.

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In order to avoidirritations, it is appropriate to choosecosmetic products with fewer ingredients , and not to spray perfumes directly on our skin. It is enough to blow through the air in front of us and pass through the cloud of fragrance or from a distance to splash a little on our clothes.

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3. Does 'bio', 'organic' and 'vegan' really mean healthy

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On the packaging of almost all cosmetic products can be seen inscriptions such as "hypoallergenic", "dermatologically tested" or even "bio" and "organic", and some nail polishes already say that they are "vegan".

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There is not enough strict regulation on cosmetic products and their labels, so anything can be written on them without it being true. Including whether it has been tested on animals. However, regulation in Europe is better than in the US, for example, where cosmetic products are marketed almostwithout regulation and control.

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Often cosmetics, which are labeled as organic ornatural, contain many synthetic ingredients and are no different from others. If you look at the label, you will see that the presented as the main ingredient actually represents only 0.1% of the composition and everything is just a commercial trick.

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It is also good to keep in mind that even if it contains substances of natural origin, this does not necessarily make them safe. An interesting example is the belladonna plant or crazy herb (Atropa belladonna) - it was used as a drug, as a cosmetic agent (the atropine contained in it expands the pupils, which was considered attractive), but also as a poison.

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4. DO NOT buy cheap lipstick from the store across the street

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Quality cosmetics are not in everyone's pocket,but it is better for our health and beauty not to use cheap cosmetic products from unknown manufacturers, since their low quality exposes us to great risks.

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Such products are found in every "$1 store".

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In Bulgaria there is a well-developed market "in black" - each of us at least once dubious people on the street have offered us "neuroythy" perfumes at half price. We can not see, except ourselves, if we succumb to temptation and get a severe allergic reaction, rashes or even scars from such cosmetics.

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It is better not to use any cosmeticsthan to experience this.

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Here are some of thebrands that offer healthy and quality beautyproducts, according to the Canadian Society of Dermatology [<a href="https://dermatology.ca/public-patients/recognized-products/skincare/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">ref. 2</a>]:

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<ul>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Avène</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Bioderma</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">CeraVe</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Cetaphil</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">CW Beggs &amp; Sons</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Dermablend Professional</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Eucerin</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Garnier</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">La Roche-Posay</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">L'Oréal Paris</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Marcelle</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">PurGenesisTM</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Uriage</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Vichy</li>
</ul>

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As expected, these brands are also the most counterfeited, so we recommend that you buy them only from their official stores or verified suppliers and never from the market or from random people and sites!

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We are also warned about the same danger by Netflix's documentary series Broken. In one episode, a young woman recounts how she bought Kylie Lip Kit lipstick, influenced by the enthusiasm of friends and youtube subscribers. But to make it cheaper ,she made the purchase on eBay. Of course, a fake lipstick arrived- but she didn't find out about it until her lips stuck heavily. It turned out that in order to achieve the necessary consistency and shine,the manufacturers put glue in the lipstick!

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The BBC reports on a similar case. Larissa Reynolds bought a fake lipstick on the same brand from Facebook and her lips echoed ominously.&nbsp; [<a href="https://www.bbc.com/news/av/uk-45320397/woman-needed-medical-care-after-buying-fake-make-up-online" target="_blank" rel="noopener">ref. 5</a>]

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5. The hidden shelf life and when to part with the eye mascara

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It is extremely important to monitor when the expiry date of the cosmetic products we use. Especially those that come into contact with the eyes or are used on the face.

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This is because since even once we have used some cream or eye mascara, bacteria fall into themthat detect a suitable breedingmedium, and over time the old mascara can cause us eye infection,and the cream - rashes. [<a href="https://www.newswise.com/articles/food-isnt-the-only-thing-that-can-expireold-makeup-can-harbor-dangerous-bacteria" target="_blank" rel="noopener">ref. 1</a>]

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It is no coincidence that on the package there is often a small symbol of an open jar and next to it it says 3 m or 10 m. This means that even if our favorite eye mascara is still full, if it's been 3 months since it first opened, we should say goodbye to it. From personal experience, I know that this is not easy, especially for ladies who do not use it every day anyway - so for every occasion we have to buy a new spiral...

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With colleagues at the university, we conducted an experiment in microbiology, in which we touched a nutrient medium with hands washed with soap, disinfected with alcohol or smeared with hand cream.

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Therefore, even if you do not worry about potential chemical changes in cosmetics after its expiration date, think about what is living in it.

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If you notice that cosmetics have changed their fragrance or color, then it is high time to part with it.

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6. Are the testers safe and what is the resemblance between makeup and underwear

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We all know how difficult it is to judge whether a lipstick will look good on us and what its exact color is, so most cosmetics stores offer testers for general use by customers. But is it safe to usethem?

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The obvious answer is - no. As we havealready said, cosmetics are easily contaminated with bacteria, and this can make it dangerous, especially if used by many peopleat the same time. Just as we don't share our personal underwear withother people - weshouldn't share our personal cosmetics either.

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We usually need a tester when choosing make-up - products we put on our eyes and lips and should not even share with family and friends because of the risk of infection.

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7. Which ingredients in cosmetics can harm you

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Here we will look at only a few substances for which there are indications that they may harm ourhealth. Unfortunately, some of them may be hidden in the content behind the words "perfume", "fragrance" and the like. In fact, only behind the word "perfume/fragrance" can hide 3,000 different ingredients!

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<ul>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Phthalates (phthalate, diethylphthalate, DEP) - used in hair spray, nail polish, perfume, Lotion, shampoo, aftershave, food and toy packaging, as well as in many other products. The health effects and danger of exposure to phthalates are not yet fully known, but they are actively studied. For one phthalate, bis (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), disrupts endocrine function and can cause cancer. Some phthalates may adversely affect reproductive abilities, as well as development in children. [<a href="https://toxtown.nlm.nih.gov/chemicals-and-contaminants/phthalates" target="_blank" rel="noopener">ref. 3</a>]</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Parabens (paraben) andmethylchloroisothiazolinone , also called MCI (methylchloroisothiazolinone) - are preservatives with antibacterial and antifungal properties. Due to widely discussed in the media suspicions of carcinogenicity of parabens, many manufacturers replaced them with MCI, which is a known sensitising allergen.</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Formaldehyde ( formaldehyde), formalin - it is a carcinogen and can be found in nail hardeners and nail polishes, and some hair smoothing products secrete formaldehyde in the air when heated.</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Bottled hydroxyanisole (butylated hydroxyanisole, BHA) and bottled hydroxytoluene (butylated hydroxytoluene, BHT) - these are preservativescommonly used in lipsticks and moisturizingcosmetics. It is believed that BHA may be acarcinogen , since it has shown such properties in laboratory animals. [<a href="https://ntp.niehs.nih.gov/ntp/roc/content/profiles//butylatedhydroxyanisole.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noopener">ref. 4</a>]</li>
</ul>

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Historically, the use of makeup has also not been at all safe, let's not say that wearing makeup has sometimes been downright deadly!

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With this information in mind, we will do a better job of discovering safe and quality beauty products among the thousands on the market and preserving both ourbeautiful appearance and our health.

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8. Natural products with proven qualities

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The application of herbs and plants in medicine and cosmetics has a long history. They are considered safer and well tolerated, but it is of great importance what othersubstances are present in the product , although it is kept on an herbal orplant basis.

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Here we will consider several natural sources of beauty and their application. [<a href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/235944029_Herbal_Cosmetics_Used_for_Skin_and_Hair" target="_blank" rel="noopener">ref. 6</a>]

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For-dry-skin

For dry skin

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<ul>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Coconut oil - an excellent moisturizing and softening agent for the skin. Does not cause side effects and helps prevent <a href="/p/kakva_ie_razlikata_miezhdu_bieltk_i_protiein_b1b6b96e_e340_46d2_9768_ac9fa8cd6adc" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">protein</a> loss when combing wet hair.</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Sunflower oil - has smoothing properties and is considered non-comedogenic (does not clog pores).</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Aloe - originating in South Africa, the aloe vera plant has fleshy prickly leaves and red or yellow colors. It is an ingredient in many cosmetic products because it strengthens, moisturizes and softens the skin. It is enough to cut off a particle of aloe vera leaves to easily extract the soothing gel found in them.</li>
</ul>

Anti-aging

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<ul>
<li style="font-weight: 400;"> Rhodiola rosea- a plant of the Crassulaceae family that grows in cold regions of the world. Its root has long been used in folk medicine in Europe and Asia, to increase the body's resistance to physical stress. It is believedto have antioxidative properties.</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;"> Carrot (Daucus carota) - it is a rich natural source of vitamin A and other essential vitamins. Carrot seed oil has anti-aging properties, as it promotes the formation of new cells and helps reducewrinkles.</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Ginkgo biloba - to strengthen the small capillaries feeding all organs, but especially the brain. Capillaries become more flexible and as a result more oxygen is delivered to the brain and eyes (to protect against degenerative eye diseases such as macular degeneration), which is so important as we get older. Ginkgo biloba also protects the nervous system and fights oxidation.</li>
</ul>

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Treatment of annoying dandruff

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<ul>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Henna ( henna) - produced by the plant Lawsonia inermis, which contains a dye molecule - gives the color ofhenna. <a href="/p/kakva_ie_razlikata_miezhdu_bieltk_i_protiein_b1b6b96e_e340_46d2_9768_ac9fa8cd6adc" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer"></a> </li>
</ul>

Skin-protection-and-health

Skin protection and health

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<ul>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Green tea - made from camellia sinensisleaves belonging to theTheaceae family. Applied topically or consumed as a drink or dietary supplement, green tea is a good remedy for the skin.</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;"> Calendula officinalis- calendula - calendula is an herb that has been used in folk medicine since ancient times. It is applied toskin problems, acne, eczema, sunburns, cracked lips, cut wounds, varicose veins. It has proven antiseptic, anti-inflammatory and antifungal properties and helps heal wounds.</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">St. John's wort (Hypericum perforatum) - the extract of St. John's wort in olive oil is a great remedy for sunburn and thermalburning, as well as for relieving itching when biting a mosquito.</li>
</ul>

Hair-care

Hair care

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<ul>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Amla (Emblica officinalis) - rich in vitamin C, thani and minerals such as phosphorus, iron and calcium, which provide nourishment of hair, but also lead to its darkening.</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Hibiscus - is rich in calcium, phosphorus, iron, vitamin B1, riboflavin, niacin and vitamin C, is used to stimulate denser hair growth and prevents its premature yellowing.</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Almond oil -Prunus dulcis- contains very small amounts of super unsaturatedOmega-3 essential fatty acids. It is very nourishing, softening and strengthening hair. Almond oil also turns out to be a very good cleansing agent. It has been used for many centuries, even before it was distributed as a commercial product.</li>
</ul>

Bonus:-Diet-for-radiant-skin

Bonus: Diet for radiant skin

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There are others - environmentally friendly, ways to stay young and beautiful for longer than buying another cream or makeup. This is our way of life and nutrition. This is what to include in our diet for healthy and radiant skin. [<a href="https://www.healthline.com/nutrition/12-foods-for-healthy-skin" target="_blank" rel="noopener">ref. 7</a>]

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<ul>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Dark grapes - as we told you in the article on combating aging <a href="/p/10_liubopitni_fakta_za_starieienieto_i_kak_da_gho_zabavim_359c758c_61cf_45c5_9da2_e588e3e54d79" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer"></a> [ref. 8], resveratrol may be one of the molecules of long youth. </li>
</ul>

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<li style="font-weight: 400;">Avocados - it is high in beneficial fats and contains vitamins E and C , which are important for healthy skin. It also contains compounds thatcan protect our skin from sun damage.</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Broccoli - a good source of vitamins, minerals and carotenoidsimportant for skinhealth . Contains sulforaphane, which can help prevent skin cancer and protect the skin from sunburn.</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Fish high in fat - oily fish, such as salmon, contain omega-3 fatty acids that can suppress inflammation and keep the skin moistened. They are also a good source of high-quality protein, vitamin E and zinc.</li>
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Read more in the article <a href="../p/zashcho_omiegha_3_mastnitie_kisielini_sa_zdravoslovni_i_za_kakvo_sie_izpolzvat" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Why omega-3 fatty acids are healthy and what they are used for</a>.

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<li style="font-weight: 400;">Sunflower and walnuts - a good source of beneficial fats, zinc, vitamin E, selenium and protein - are all nutrients our skin needs to stay healthy.</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Soya - it contains isoflavons, which have been shown to reduce wrinkles, increase collagen, skin elasticity and respond well to dryness of the skin, as well as protect the skin from damage from the sun's rays.</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Dark chocolate - cocoa contains antioxidants that can protect the skin from sunburns.</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Other skin-beneficial foods and drinks are: tomatoes, green tea, red and yellow peppers, sweet potato, Brazilian walnut (1 per day), hazelnuts, almonds, kiwi, oranges and other fruits rich in vitamin C.</li>
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With this information in mind, we will do a better job of discovering safe and quality beauty products among the thousands on the marketand preserving both our beautiful appearance and :)

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