Type 1 diabetes (T1D), previously known as juvenile diabetes, is a form of diabetes in which very little or no insulin is produced by the pancreas. Insulin is a hormone required for the body to use blood sugar. Before treatment this results in high blood sugar levels in the body. The classic symptoms are frequent urination, increased thirst, increased hunger, and weight loss. Additional symptoms may include blurry vision, tiredness, and poor wound healing. Symptoms typically develop over a short ...

diabetes mellitus type 1

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Symptoms-of-hyperglycemia

Symptoms of hyperglycemia

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Hyperglycemia is characterized by abnormally high blood glucose levels. Some common symptoms associated with this condition include:

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<ol><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Frequent urination</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Excessive thirst</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Increased hunger</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Fatigue</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Blurred vision</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Slow-healing wounds</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Weight loss</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Dry mouth and dry skin</li></ol>

Possible-causes-of-hyperglycemia

Possible causes of hyperglycemia

Possible-causes-of-hyperglycemia_1_0

Some diseases and conditions that can cause hyperglycemia are:

Type-1-diabetes

Type 1 diabetes

Type-1-diabetes_1_0

&nbsp;An autoimmune condition where the immune system mistakenly attacks and destroys the insulin-producing cells in the pancreas. Consult an endocrinologist for appropriate diagnosis and treatment.

Type-2-diabetes

Type 2 diabetes

Type-2-diabetes_1_0

A metabolic disorder characterized by insulin resistance, leading to high blood sugar levels. Endocrinologists specialize in diagnosing and treating this condition.

Type-2-diabetes_1_1

Gestational-diabetes

Gestational diabetes

Gestational-diabetes_1_0

A form of diabetes that occurs during pregnancy, usually resolving after childbirth. Seek advice from an obstetrician or endocrinologist.

Cushing's-syndrome

Cushing's syndrome

Cushing's-syndrome_1_0

&nbsp;A hormonal disorder caused by prolonged exposure to high levels of cortisol. Consult an endocrinologist or an internal medicine specialist for diagnosis and treatment.

Pancreatitis

Pancreatitis_1_0

&nbsp;Inflammation of the pancreas that can disrupt insulin production. Gastroenterologists specialize in diagnosing and managing this condition.

Side-effects-of-medical-drugs

Side effects of medical drugs

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Some medications can cause hyperglycemia as a side effect:

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<ul><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Corticosteroids: Often prescribed for inflammation, these drugs can raise blood sugar levels.</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Thiazide diuretics: Used to treat high blood pressure, these medications can increase glucose levels.</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Beta-blockers: Another class of drugs for high blood pressure, which can also cause blood sugar spikes.</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Statins: Cholesterol-lowering drugs that may contribute to elevated blood glucose.</li></ul>

Side-effects-of-medical-drugs_2_2

Herbal-and-natural-remedies

Herbal and natural remedies

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Several herbs and natural remedies can help manage blood glucose levels:

Cinnamon-verum-(Cinnamomum-verum)

Cinnamon verum  (Cinnamomum verum)

Cinnamon-verum-(Cinnamomum-verum)_3_0

Known for its blood sugar-lowering properties, cinnamon also has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects.

Gymnema-sylvestre

Gymnema sylvestre

Gymnema-sylvestre_3_0

This herb has been used in traditional medicine to reduce blood sugar levels and increase insulin sensitivity.

Fenugreek-(Trigonella-foenum-graecum)

Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum)

Fenugreek-(Trigonella-foenum-graecum)_3_0

&nbsp;Rich in fiber and antioxidants, fenugreek seeds can help lower blood sugar levels and improve overall glucose metabolism.

Bitter-melon-(Momordica-charantia)

Bitter melon (Momordica charantia)

Bitter-melon-(Momordica-charantia)_3_0

This fruit has insulin-like properties that can help regulate blood sugar levels.

Lifestyle-changes

Lifestyle changes

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To prevent or manage hyperglycemia, consider the following lifestyle modifications:

Lifestyle-changes_4_1

<ol><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Maintain a healthy diet, focusing on whole foods and minimizing processed sugars.</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Engage in regular physical activity to help regulate blood glucose levels.</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Monitor your blood sugar regularly and adjust your treatment plan as needed.</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Manage stress, as it can contribute to blood sugar fluctuations.</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Get sufficient sleep to support overall health and wellbeing.</li></ol>

Lifestyle-changes_4_2

Questions-and-Answers

Questions and Answers

Below-are-ten-frequently-asked-questions-that-are-not-covered-in-the-article:

Below are ten frequently asked questions that are not covered in the article:

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Q: How do I know if my blood glucose levels are too high?

Below-are-ten-frequently-asked-questions-that-are-not-covered-in-the-article:_5_1

A: Regular blood sugar monitoring can help you track your levels. Consult a healthcare professional for personalized guidance on target ranges.

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Q: Can hyperglycemia be reversed?

Below-are-ten-frequently-asked-questions-that-are-not-covered-in-the-article:_5_4

A: In some cases, lifestyle changes and proper medical care can help manage or reverse hyperglycemia. Early intervention is crucial for better outcomes.

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Below-are-ten-frequently-asked-questions-that-are-not-covered-in-the-article:_5_6

Q: Can stress cause high blood sugar levels?

Below-are-ten-frequently-asked-questions-that-are-not-covered-in-the-article:_5_7

A: Yes, stress can lead to increased cortisol levels, which can raise blood sugar levels. Managing stress is essential for overall health and blood sugar control.

Below-are-ten-frequently-asked-questions-that-are-not-covered-in-the-article:_5_8

Below-are-ten-frequently-asked-questions-that-are-not-covered-in-the-article:_5_9

Q: How does exercise affect blood glucose levels?

Below-are-ten-frequently-asked-questions-that-are-not-covered-in-the-article:_5_10

A: Exercise can help lower blood sugar levels by increasing insulin sensitivity and promoting glucose uptake by muscle cells.

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Below-are-ten-frequently-asked-questions-that-are-not-covered-in-the-article:_5_12

Q: What is a healthy diet for managing hyperglycemia?

Below-are-ten-frequently-asked-questions-that-are-not-covered-in-the-article:_5_13

A: A balanced diet rich in whole foods, lean protein, healthy fats, and fiber, while minimizing processed sugars and refined carbohydrates, can help manage blood sugar levels.

Below-are-ten-frequently-asked-questions-that-are-not-covered-in-the-article:_5_14

Below-are-ten-frequently-asked-questions-that-are-not-covered-in-the-article:_5_15

Q: Can weight loss help with hyperglycemia?

Below-are-ten-frequently-asked-questions-that-are-not-covered-in-the-article:_5_16

A: Yes, losing weight (if you are overweight) can improve insulin sensitivity and help lower blood sugar levels.

Below-are-ten-frequently-asked-questions-that-are-not-covered-in-the-article:_5_17

Below-are-ten-frequently-asked-questions-that-are-not-covered-in-the-article:_5_18

Q: How often should I check my blood glucose levels?

Below-are-ten-frequently-asked-questions-that-are-not-covered-in-the-article:_5_19

A: The frequency of monitoring depends on individual circumstances and your healthcare provider's recommendations. For some, it may be multiple times a day, while others may need to check less frequently.

Below-are-ten-frequently-asked-questions-that-are-not-covered-in-the-article:_5_20

Below-are-ten-frequently-asked-questions-that-are-not-covered-in-the-article:_5_21

Q: Can alcohol consumption affect blood sugar levels?

Below-are-ten-frequently-asked-questions-that-are-not-covered-in-the-article:_5_22

A: Yes, excessive alcohol consumption can lead to blood sugar fluctuations. If you choose to drink, do so in moderation and consult your healthcare provider for personalized guidance.

Below-are-ten-frequently-asked-questions-that-are-not-covered-in-the-article:_5_23

Below-are-ten-frequently-asked-questions-that-are-not-covered-in-the-article:_5_24

Q: Can hyperglycemia lead to diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA)?

Below-are-ten-frequently-asked-questions-that-are-not-covered-in-the-article:_5_25

A: Yes, prolonged high blood glucose levels, especially in people with type 1 diabetes, can result in DKA, a life-threatening condition. Seek immediate medical care if you suspect DKA.

Below-are-ten-frequently-asked-questions-that-are-not-covered-in-the-article:_5_26

Below-are-ten-frequently-asked-questions-that-are-not-covered-in-the-article:_5_27

Q: Are there any long-term complications associated with uncontrolled hyperglycemia?

Below-are-ten-frequently-asked-questions-that-are-not-covered-in-the-article:_5_28

A: Uncontrolled hyperglycemia can lead to serious complications, including heart disease, kidney damage, nerve damage, vision problems, and an increased risk of infections.

Hyperglycemia, or high blood glucose, is a condition that can result from various diseases and medical conditions, such as diabetes and Cushing's syndrome. Certain medications, like corticosteroids and beta-blockers, can also contribute to elevated blood sugar levels. Symptoms of hyperglycemia include frequent urination, excessive thirst, and fatigue. To manage this condition, you can explore herbal and natural treatments like cinnamon and fenugreek, and make lifestyle changes like adopting a healthy diet and engaging in regular exercise. Consult a healthcare professional, such as an endocrinologist or a gastroenterologist, to determine the appropriate course of action for your specific situation.

High Blood Glucose: Understanding Hyperglycemia and Its Consequences

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What-is-diabetes?

What is diabetes? 

What-is-diabetes?_0_0

Diabetes is a chronic condition that leads to too high blood sugar levels. Sugar in the blood is also known as glucose, it is the main source of energy for your body. Sugar comes from the food you eat, especially from carbohydrates found in foods such as bread, rice and potatoes.

What-is-diabetes?_0_1

Glucose is carried through the blood to cells in the body to give them energy to work. When glucose is present in the blood, the pancreas produces a hormone called insulin. Insulin tells the body's cells to absorb glucose and use it as energy. 1

What-is-diabetes?_0_2

What-is-diabetes?_0_3

In a person with diabetes, his body can not absorb glucose because he has a problem with insulin. This means that:

What-is-diabetes?_0_4

<ul><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">cells do not use glucose for energy;</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">unused glucose remains in the blood and accumulates;</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">excess glucose can damage the arteries (arteries carry oxygen-rich blood and nutrients throughout the body);</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">If the arteries are damaged, it can increase the risk of developing heart and circulatory diseases.</li></ul>

How-is-diabetes-treated?

How is diabetes treated? 

How-is-diabetes-treated?_1_0

How-is-diabetes-treated?_1_1

Treatment for type 1 and type 2 diabetes may be different. Surely, a healthy balanced diet and physical activity are recommended to help treat both types, especially type 2. This is because type 2 diabetes is associated with being overweight or obese.&nbsp;

How-is-diabetes-treated?_1_2

People with type 1 diabetes cannot produce insulin because their body attacks the cells that produce it. This means that their body needs to get insulin to control their blood sugar levels. And they need to monitor their blood sugar levels several times a day. Treatment in people with type 1 diabetes is through insulin injections several times a day, regular exercise, and a healthy balanced diet.

How-is-diabetes-treated?_1_3

In turn, most people need medication to control their type 2 diabetes. The drug helps to lower the amount of sugar in the blood. This can reduce the risk of developing other health problems, such as heart and circulatory diseases. Treatment for type 2 diabetes is usually medicated and is based on regular exercise and a healthy balanced diet.&nbsp;

Herbal-and-natural-therapeutic-agents-for-diabetes

Herbal and natural therapeutic agents for diabetes 

Herbal-and-natural-therapeutic-agents-for-diabetes_2_0

Herbal-and-natural-therapeutic-agents-for-diabetes_2_1

Some common herbs and spices have blood-sugar-lowering properties, making them beneficial for people with or at high risk of type 2 diabetes.

Herbal-and-natural-therapeutic-agents-for-diabetes_2_2

Herbal-and-natural-therapeutic-agents-for-diabetes_2_3

In recent years, a number of clinical studies have been conducted that have shown potential links between herbal therapeutics and improved blood glucose control. This has logically led to an increase in people with diabetes using these natural solutions to alleviate the condition and accompanying symptoms.

Herbal-and-natural-therapeutic-agents-for-diabetes_2_4

Plant-based therapies that some studies have shown to have antidiabetic properties include:

Herbal-and-natural-therapeutic-agents-for-diabetes_2_5

<ul><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Aloe vera</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Blueberry extract (Vaccinium)</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Bitter melon (Cucumis melo)</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Cinnamon verum</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum)</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Ginger (Zingiber officinale)</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus)</li></ul>Although such therapies are commonly used in Ayurvedic and Eastern medicine to treat serious conditions such as diabetes, some health experts still remain skeptical about their medical benefits.&nbsp;

Herbal-and-natural-therapeutic-agents-for-diabetes_2_6

Some herbs, vitamins, and supplements may interact with diabetes medications (including insulin) and increase their hypoglycemic effects. Therefore, their intake should always be discussed with a doctor first to make sure that they are safe for your condition and to determine the appropriate dosage.

Herbal-and-natural-therapeutic-agents-for-diabetes_2_7

The herbs and herbal remedies listed below have been used traditionally by local people to treat diabetes in the areas where they grow.

Garlic-(Allium-sativum)

Garlic (Allium sativum)  

Garlic-(Allium-sativum)_2_0

Garlic-(Allium-sativum)_2_1

Garlic (Allium sativum) has antioxidant properties and immunomodulatory effects. Although few studies have directly linked garlic to insulin levels and blood sugar levels, the results are positive. &nbsp;<a href="https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/9/7/619" target="_blank" data-ref="Potential Health Benefit of Garlic Based on Human Intervention Studies: A Brief Overview" rel="noopener">[ref. 1]</a>&nbsp;

Garlic-(Allium-sativum)_2_2

Garlic can cause a decrease in blood glucose, increase secretion, and slow down the breakdown of insulin. However, limited data are available and further studies of these effects are needed.

Bauhinia-forficata-and-Myrcia-uniflora

Bauhinia forficata and Myrcia uniflora 

Bauhinia-forficata-and-Myrcia-uniflora_2_0

The Brazilian orchid tree (Bauhinia forficata) grows in South America and is used in Brazilian traditional medicine. This plant is called "vegetable insulin". Myrcia uniflora is also widely used in South America. Studies using herbs as tea infusions have shown that their hypoglycemic effects are slightly weaker than expected, but still have them.

Indian-coccinia-(Coccinia-indica)

Indian coccinia (Coccinia indica) 

Indian-coccinia-(Coccinia-indica)_2_0

Indian coccinia (Coccinia indica) grows freely in the Indian subcontinent. Traditionally used in Ayurverdic medicines, the herb has been found to contain insulin-mimetic properties (i.e., mimicking the function of insulin).

Indian-coccinia-(Coccinia-indica)_2_1

Significant changes in glycaemic control have been reported in studies involving coccinia indican, and experts believe it should be investigated further. 3

Ginseng

Ginseng_2_0

Ginseng (Panax) is a collective name for various plant species - there are Siberian ginseng (Eleutherococcus senticosus), Indian ginseng (Withania somnifera), American ginseng (Panax quinquefolius) and others.

Ginseng_2_1

In some studies using American ginseng, a decrease in fasting blood sugar has been reported. Korean ginseng (Panax ginseng), Siberian ginseng, American ginseng, and Japanese ginseng (Panax japonicum) were used in these studies.

Ginseng_2_2

In some areas, the plant, especially the Panax species, is hailed as a "medicine for everything." As is the case with many of the herbs used around the world in the treatment of diabetics, further long-term studies are needed to test the efficacy of each type of ginseng.

Gymnema sylvestre 

Gymnema-sylvestre_2_0

Gymnema sylvestre is also used in traditional Ayurvedic medicine. The plant is found in the rainforests of southern and central India and has been linked to a significant decrease in blood sugar. Some animal studies have even reported islet cell regeneration and increased beta cell function. 4 The active compound of the plant is a group of acids called gymnemic acids. Gymnemic acids have antidiabetic and anti-inflammatory effects. The antidiabetic set of molecules was identified as a group of closely related gymnemic acids after being successfully isolated and purified from the leaves of G. sylvestre.

Bitter melon (Momordica charantia) 

Bitter-melon-(Momordica-charantia)_2_0

Momordica charantia is found under different names and grows in some areas of Asia, India, Africa and South America. It has been found that prepared in different ways can help diabetics with insulin secretion, glucose oxidation and other processes.

Bitter-melon-(Momordica-charantia)_2_1

Bitter melon has also been reported to have antiviral, antibacterial, anticancer and immunomodulatory properties. It is widely used as an adjunct or alternative therapy for the treatment of diabetes mellitus in many countries, including Korea. 5 However, more studies are needed on the potential action in the areas listed.

Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum graecum) 

Fenugreek-(Trigonella-foenum-graecum)_2_0

Trigonella foenum graecum is an herb known as fenugreek and is widely grown in India, North Africa and parts of the Mediterranean. It is also part of Ayurvedic medicine and is widely used in cooking.

Fenugreek-(Trigonella-foenum-graecum)_2_1

Of the few uncontrolled studies that have been conducted on type 2 diabetics, most report improved glycaemic control. More in-depth studies are certainly needed.

Fenugreek-(Trigonella-foenum-graecum)_2_2

Diabetes is a condition that affects blood sugar and insulin levels in the body. Treatment may include lifestyle strategies and, if necessary, medications, but some additional remedies, such as herbs and supplements, can also help at the discretion of a doctor. Some herbs may interact with medications that have the same effect, such as blood thinners and high blood pressure medications. It's important to be aware of any interactions before trying a new herb or supplement for both diabetes and other conditions.