Dyskinesia refers to a category of movement disorders that are characterized by involuntary muscle movements, including movements similar to tics or chorea and diminished voluntary movements. Dyskinesia can be anything from a slight tremor of the hands to an uncontrollable movement of the upper body or lower extremities. Discoordination can also occur internally especially with the respiratory muscles and it often goes unrecognized. Dyskinesia is a symptom of several medical disorders that are distinguished ...

dyskinesias

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Signs-of-an-Anxiety-Disorder

Signs of an Anxiety Disorder

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<ol><li><ol><li> Excessive Worry and Overthinking</li></ol>Experiencing persistent and overwhelming worry, even about minor issues, is a key indicator of an anxiety disorder.

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<ol start="2"><li> Muscle Tension and Restlessness</li></ol>Anxiety often manifests physically, causing muscle tension, restlessness, and even involuntary movements.

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<ol start="3"><li> Trouble Sleeping</li></ol>Anxiety disrupts sleep patterns, leading to insomnia and restless nights.&nbsp;

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<ol start="4"><li> Gastrointestinal Issues</li></ol>The gut-brain connection is real, and anxiety can lead to gastrointestinal discomfort.&nbsp;

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<ol start="5"><li> Perfectionism</li></ol>Unrealistic standards and an unrelenting need for perfection can signal an underlying anxiety disorder.

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<ol start="6"><li> Self-Consciousness</li></ol>Excessive self-consciousness and fear of judgment are common in social anxiety.&nbsp;

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<ol start="7"><li> Intolerance of Uncertainty</li></ol>Anxiety can make it challenging to tolerate uncertainty and make decisions.

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<ol start="8"><li> Startling Easily and Hypervigilance</li></ol>Heightened sensitivity to stimuli and being easily startled can indicate an anxiety disorder.

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Signs-of-an-Anxiety-Disorder_0_9

Natural-Remedies-for-Anxiety

Natural Remedies for Anxiety

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Exploring natural remedies for anxiety can complement traditional treatments. Discover the potential of herbs like Passiflora incarnata (Passionflower) and Valeriana officinalis (Valerian) in reducing anxiety symptoms.

Calming-Passionflower-Tea

Calming Passionflower Tea

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<ul><li>1 teaspoon dried Passiflora incarnata leaves and flowers</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">1 cup hot water</li></ul>Instructions:

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<ol><li>Place dried passionflower leaves and flowers in a cup.</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Pour hot water over them.</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Cover and steep for 10-15 minutes.</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Strain and enjoy this soothing tea.</li></ol>

Relaxing-Valerian-Tincture

Relaxing Valerian Tincture

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<ul><li>1 part dried Valeriana officinalis root</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">4 parts alcohol (e.g., vodka)</li></ul>Instructions:

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<ol><li>Place dried valerian root in a glass jar.</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Pour alcohol over the root, ensuring complete coverage.</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Seal the jar and let it sit for 4-6 weeks, shaking daily.</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Strain and store the tincture in a dark glass bottle.</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Use a few drops as needed to ease anxiety.</li></ol>

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Anticancer-Properties

Anticancer Properties

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Interestingly, both Passiflora incarnata and Valeriana officinalis possess potential anticancer properties12. While these herbs are primarily known for their anxiety-relieving effects, their potential broader health benefits are noteworthy.

Questions-and-Answers

Questions and Answers

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Q: Can anxiety disorders develop suddenly, or is it a gradual process?

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A: Anxiety disorders can emerge both suddenly, triggered by a traumatic event, and gradually due to chronic stress.

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Q: How do specific foods impact anxiety symptoms?

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A: Foods like caffeine and high-sugar items can exacerbate anxiety symptoms.

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Q: Does exercise play a role in managing anxiety?

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A: Absolutely, regular exercise releases endorphins that aid anxiety reduction.

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Q: Can children experience anxiety disorders?

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A: Yes, anxiety disorders can develop in children and adolescents, presenting differently from adults.

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Q: Can mindfulness techniques effectively alleviate anxiety symptoms?

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A: Yes, mindfulness and meditation are proven tools for anxiety management.

References

References_3_0

Sarris, J., McIntyre, E., Camfield, D. A., &amp; Plant, C. (2013). A randomized, controlled trial of oral Passiflora incarnata extract (sedanxan) in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder. Phytotherapy Research, 27(2), 292-297.&nbsp;

References_3_1

Santos, M. S., Ferreira, F., Cunha, A. P., &amp; Carvalho, A. P. (1994). An aqueous extract of valerian influences the transport of GABA in synaptosomes. Planta medica, 60(4), 278-279.&nbsp;

References_3_2

Mucalo, I., Jukić &Scaron;pika, M., &amp; Božinović, N. (2020). Cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of Passiflora incarnata L. Extracts. Journal of ethnopharmacology, 248, 112330.&nbsp;

References_3_3

Miraj, S., Kiani, S., &amp; Alesaeidi, S. (2017). Exploring Valeriana officinalis*; traditional and modern medicinal uses. Journal of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 10(4), 2127-2131.&nbsp;

Recognizing subtle signs is pivotal for diagnosing anxiety disorders promptly. From excessive worry to physical symptoms, understanding these signs empowers individuals to seek timely help and explore holistic remedies. Incorporating herbs like Passiflora incarnata and Valeriana officinalis can offer a natural approach to managing anxiety symptoms, complementing conventional treatments.

8 Subtle Signs for Diagnosing Anxiety Disorders

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Екипът на Санацио

Translation and adaptation: Rositsa Tashkova, Master of Molecular Biology and Microbiology

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The causes of multiple sclerosis have not yet been fully understood, but variations in dozens of genes are believed to play a role in increasing the risk of the disease. <a href="/p/kak_ghienitie_opriedieliat_prilikata_s_roditielitie_ni_2256bb0a_9ee8_4d00_8f3e_7ca44b90aa45" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer"></a> Changes in the HLA-DRB1 and IL7R <a href="../p/kak_ghienitie_opriedieliat_prilikata_s_roditielitie_ni_2256bb0a_9ee8_4d00_8f3e_7ca44b90aa45" target="_blank" rel="noopener">genes</a> are the strongest genetic factors that determine the increased risk.

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Studies have shown that herbal medicines can be effective in the treatment of multiple sclerosis and associated symptoms, reducing demyelination, improving remyelination and suppressing inflammation in the central nervous system.

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This article is based on a 2018 overview on the topic. [<a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6311642/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">ref. 1</a>]. According to the authors, it can be concluded that the anti-inflammatory effect is the main cause of the therapeutic effects of medicinal plants in the disease. Through them, medicinal plants reduce the severity of the disease and reduce neuropathological changes.

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Anti-inflammatory effects of medicinal plants are usually manifested by suppressing the entry of inflammatory cells into the central nervous system, reducing the production of pro-inflammatory and inflammatory cytokines.

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Medicinal plants and their derivatives, which are known in the scientific literature to have a beneficial effect on the condition of MS patients, are:

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<ul>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Ginkgo biloba,</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Ginger (Zingiber officinale),</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Turmeric (Curcuma longa),</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">St. John's wort (Hypericum perforatum),</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Valerian (Valeriana officinalis),</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">American cranberry (Vaccinium macrocarpon),</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Black cumin (Nigella sativa),</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Kava (Piper methysticum),</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Saffron (Crocus sativus),</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Asian ginseng (Panax ginseng),</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Sudanese frankincense (Boswellia papyrifera),</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">European wine vine (Vitis vinifera),</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Gastrodia elata,</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Green tea (Camellia sinensis),</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Evening primrose (Oenothera biennis),</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;"><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20694784/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">MS14</a> [ref. 2] - Iranian herbal-marine mixture consisting of 90% Penaeus latisculatus (shrimp), 5% <a href="/p/maghdanozt_tsielinata_i_drughi_bilki_koito_pomaghat_v_borbata_s_raka_431f42b9_91a1_4cb7_b9d4_e633b827af78" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer"></a>celery (Apium graveolens) and 5% St. John'swort (Hypericum perforatum),</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Cannabis (Cannabis sativa).</li>
</ul>

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Here we will consider in more detail each of these plants and the mechanisms by which they can support treatment and alleviate the symptoms of multiple sclerosis (MS).

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New approaches to the treatment of multiple sclerosis in Europe

Ginkgo-biloba-has-neuroprotective-properties

1. Ginkgo biloba has neuroprotective properties

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Ginkgo biloba is one of the most ancient living tree species of the Ginkgoaceae family. It originated in Korea and China, but can now be found all over the world. Wood leaf extract has traditionally been used as a means of improving memory.

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Studies have shown that the anti-inflammatory and platelet-activating factor (PAF) inhibitory properties of ginkgo extract (EGB761) have a beneficial effect in MS. The likely therapeutic role of this plant on multiple sclerosis appears to be due to the substances ginkolids that affect PAF. It in turn plays a role in the process of inflammation and ginkgo biloba extract may suppress it.

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In addition, the plant restores cognitive abilities, has neuroprotective properties and reduces fatigue in multiple sclerosis. The herb is safe, with no side or adverse effects, but in rare cases can cause dizziness, headaches and eye hemorrhages.

Ginger-(Zingiber-officinale)-reduces-inflammation

2. Ginger (Zingiber officinale) reduces inflammation

Ginger-(Zingiber-officinale)-reduces-inflammation_1_0

Zingiber officinale (ginger), is an aromatic plant of the Zingiberaceae family. It originates&nbsp;from India and is usually grown in Asia, tropical Africa and Latin America. The ginger root is often used as an aromatic spice and as a cold medicine. Recent studies have shown the anti-cancer, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of ginger.

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Ginger has anti-inflammatory effects, and this is the reason for its consumption by MS patients. Gingerols and their derivatives (shogaols) are the main components of ginger that exhibit anti-inflammatory properties.

Ginger-(Zingiber-officinale)-reduces-inflammation_1_3

Positive effects of ginger and its active compounds (6-shogaol and 10-gingerol) have been observed in animal models of multiple sclerosis. They have had anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects in animals, but clinical studies on MS patients are still needed to confirm these results.

Turmeric-(Curcuma-longa)

3. Turmeric (Curcuma longa)

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Curcuma longa (turmeric) is a tropical plant originating in southern and southeast tropical Asia. It belongs to the ginger family - Zingiberaceae.

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The yellow substance in the roots of turmeric is called curcumin. It is widely used as a spice and pigment, as well as as a folk remedy for the treatment of problems with bile, anorexia, cough, sinusitis and sore throat. Studies show that curcumin has a wide range of biological activities, including anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor and antioxidant.

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Curcumin performs its anti-inflammatory role in two main ways:

Turmeric-(Curcuma-longa)_2_4

<ul>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">suppresses pro-inflammatory cytokines,</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">inhibits Th17 differentiation and associated pathways.</li>
</ul>

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Also, it inhibits the entry of inflammatory cells into the central nervous system. Curcumin modulates the inflammatory process, reducing the expression (production) of various pro-inflammatory and inflammatory cytokines.

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The side effects of curcumin are manifested when taking a high dose, which causes nausea and diarrhea. Although the therapeutic effects of curcumin have been demonstrated in various studies, studies in humans are certainly needed to confirm the recommendation for taking curcumin in patients with multiple sclerosis.

St.-John's-wort-(Hypericum-perforatum)-against-depression

4. St. John's wort (Hypericum perforatum) against depression

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Hypericum perforatum or better known as St. John's wort is a flowering plant of the Hypericaceae family. It is characteristic of Europe and Asia, but today it is distributed all over the world.

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Since ancient times, St. John's wort has been a popular plant and has been used in diseases such as anxiety, depression and menstrual cycle disorders. Currently, H. perforatum is used to treat diseases associated with inflammation, cancer and neurodegenerative diseases.

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The use of St. John's wort in MS is associated with its antidepressant effects. The main antidepressant component of H. perforatum is hypericin, which stimulates capillary blood flow in the brain. Many studies focus on another component, hyperforin, for the therapeutic antidepressant effects of this plant.

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It should be taken into account that this plant may interact with certain drugs, and it is important that its use be discussed with a medical doctor.

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So, St. John's wort can be recommended to patients with multiple sclerosis due to its antidepressants, antioxidative and anti-inflammatory effects.

Valerian-(Valeriana-officinalis)-against-insomnia-and-anxiety

5. Valerian (Valeriana officinalis) against insomnia and anxiety

Valerian-(Valeriana-officinalis)-against-insomnia-and-anxiety_4_0

Valeriana officinalis grows in Europe, North America and parts of Asia. Valerian is a plant of the Caprifoliaceae family, and the roots of this herb are used for various healing purposes.

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In Ancient Greece, valerian has found various medicinal applications - for <a href="https://www.sanat.io/bul/p/7_bilki_koito_obliekchavat_loshoto_khranosmilanie_i_dispiepsiiata_60bc6c30_0949_4ed7_933c_460f9104d318" target="_blank" rel="noopener">digestive problems</a>, <a href="https://www.sanat.io/bul/p/iepiliepsiiata_koi_liechiebni_rastieniia_sa_izpolzvani_v_drievna_piersiia_d697132f_9082_456b_ac3a_9019ffa4be12" target="_blank" rel="noopener">epilepsy</a> and urinary tract infections. Today it is also used for <a href="https://www.sanat.io/bul/p/trievozhnost_i_biezsniie_kakvo_priedlagha_prirodata_eef882c6_b669_4aea_9d2d_1e11852fbcfe" target="_blank" rel="noopener">problems with sleep and anxiety</a>.

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Sleep disorders are the main cause of fatigue in MS patients. Clinical trials have shown that the main component of V. officinalis root extract, valerenic acid, is effective in treating mild to moderate sleep disorders.

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Limited adverse effects such as stomach pain and allergic reaction have been observed in patients treated with valerenic acid. The herb can be offered to patients with multiple sclerosis due to the relieving effects on insomnia and fatigue.

American-cranberry-(Vaccinium-macrocarpon)-against-urinary-infections

6. American cranberry (Vaccinium macrocarpon) against urinary infections

American-cranberry-(Vaccinium-macrocarpon)-against-urinary-infections_5_0

Vaccinium macrocarpon is also known as large cranberry and bearberry. It is a North American species of cranberry from the Ericaceae family. Cranberry juice is obtained from fruits. American cranberry is traditionally used for treatment of bladder and kidney diseases by Native Americans.

American-cranberry-(Vaccinium-macrocarpon)-against-urinary-infections_5_1

Patients with multiple sclerosis are susceptible to bacterial colonization and urinary tract infections, as a result of dysfunction of the bladder due to the disease. Cranberry can suppress the adhesion of the bacterium Escherischia coli to the urethra.

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American-cranberry-(Vaccinium-macrocarpon)-against-urinary-infections_5_3

It contains two important compounds - fructose and proantocyanidine, which are attached to the fimbria (cilia for adhering to the mucous membrane) of E. coli and effectively hinder the ability of bacteria to attach to the urethra.

American-cranberry-(Vaccinium-macrocarpon)-against-urinary-infections_5_4

There are several clinical studies that examine the preventive effects of American cranberry on urinary tract infections in MS patients. Various studies have found that it is effective against urinary tract infections, but in one clinical trial of patients with multiple sclerosis it did not show a good enough effect.

Black-cumin-(Nigella-sativa)-enhances-remyelination

7. Black cumin (Nigella sativa) enhances remyelination

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Nigella sativa or black cumin is widely used as a medicinal plant. It belongs to the Ranunculaceae family. Black cumin is a native species to southern Europe, southwestern Asia and northern Africa.

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Seeds and oil from N. sativa have a long history in the treatment of various diseases such as headaches, back pain and gastrointestinal problems.

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Several studies have shown that it exhibits a variety of therapeutic effects, including anticancer, analgesic (painkiller), antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, renal-protective and antioxidant properties. Timoquinone is the active substance in N. sativa seeds.

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There are studies that show the anti-inflammatory capabilities of black cumin oil. In vitro studies demonstrate its inhibitory (depressing) effects on the production of inflammatory mediators such as IL-1b, IL-6, TNF-a, IFN-c, and PGE2.

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Therapeutic effects of N. sativa in animal models of MS have been reported. Black cumin enhances remyelination in the central nervous system (CNS), reduces inflammatory processes and inhibits the expression of TGF β1 (transformative growth factor beta1) in some disease models.

Kava-(Piper-methysticum)-against-anxiety

8. Kava (Piper methysticum) against anxiety

Kava-(Piper-methysticum)-against-anxiety_7_0

Piper methysticum (kava kava) is a psychoactive herb from the Piperaceace family, which has been used in the Pacific Islands for hundreds of years. The root of this plant is well known for its sedative and anesthetic properties. Kava is traditionally used to make a soothing and relaxing drink.

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The combination of kava and valerian seems more effective in treating insomnia caused by stress than any of the two herbs individually. The active compound of kava is kavalactone, which interacts with GABAA receptors and reduces anxiety and sleep problems.

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It should be taken into account that kava may increase the sedative&nbsp;effects of drugs commonly used in multiple sclerosis disease, such as Lioresal (Baclofen). Excessive use of kava can lead to hepatotoxicity, hepatic necrosis and cholestasis hepatitis.

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It can be concluded that kava alone or in combination with other herbal medicines is a promising candidate for the treatment of anxiety disorders in patients with multiple sclerosis.

Saffron-(Crocus-sativus)-reduces-neurological-damage

9. Saffron (Crocus sativus) reduces neurological damage

Saffron-(Crocus-sativus)-reduces-neurological-damage_8_0

Crocus sativus (saffron) is a flowering plant of the Iridaceae family. Saffron stamens are widely used as a medicinal plant for various problems due to its sedative, stimulating and anti-catarral properties (helps to remove mucous secretions from the respiratory system).

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Several studies have suggested that saffron may be effective in the treatment of hypertension and memory disorders. In addition, anti-inflammatory and antitussive effects (against dry cough) have been shown. Crocetin and crocin are the two main active compounds of saffron stamens, which have a wide range of therapeutic actions.

dyskinesias

Multiple sclerosis: 17 affordable herbs backed by science