Ear pain, also known as earache, is pain in the ear. Primary ear pain is pain that originates from the ear. Secondary ear pain is a type of referred pain, meaning that the source of the pain differs from the location where the pain is felt.

Most causes of ear pain are non-life-threatening. Primary ear pain is more common than secondary ear pain, and it is often due to infection or injury. The conditions that cause secondary (referred) ear pain are broad and range from temporomandibular joint syndrome ...

earache

Earache---what-is-it

Earache - what is it

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Ear pain (otalgia) usually occurs in children, but it can also occur in adults.&nbsp;<a href="https://www.herbal-organic.com/bg/condition/43842" target="_blank" data-ref="Earache | Билкова &amp; Естесвена Медицинa" rel="noopener">[ref. 1]</a> The pain that starts inside the ear is known as primary otalgia, while the pain that occurs outside the ear is known as secondary otalgia. &nbsp;<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29365233/" target="_blank" data-ref="Ear Pain: Diagnosing Common and Uncommon Causes - PubMed" rel="noopener">[Ref. 2]</a>&nbsp;

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Pain in the ear may occur gradually or suddenly. It can be dull, sharp or burning as a sensation and can be temporary or prolonged. Usually, pain occurs only in one ear, but sometimes it can appear in both ears. &nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549830/" target="_blank" data-ref="Page not available - NCBI BookshelfTwitterFacebookLinkedInGitHubNCBI Insights BlogTwitterFacebookYoutube" rel="noopener">[ref. 3]</a>&nbsp;

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Signs-and-symptoms-of-earaches

Signs and symptoms of earaches 

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Symptoms that may accompany ear pain include:

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<ul><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">High temperature</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Drainage from the ear</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Hearing loss</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Headache</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Difficulty chewing</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Jaw pain</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Click or pop the jaw</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Restlessness and irritability (in children)</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Increased crying (in children)</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Loss of appetite (in children)</li></ul>

Causes-and-risk-factors-for-ear-pain

Causes and risk factors for ear pain

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Pain in the ear is often caused by blockage of the eutachium tube. This is the passage that extends from the middle ear to the back of the nasal cavity and throat. When the eustahium tube is blocked, the air and liquid can not pass through the passage, causing more pressure and pain.&nbsp;

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Ear infections are a common cause of ear aches, especially in children. Infections of the middle ear, called otitis media, occur when fluids accumulate in the tubes inside the middle ear. This liquid can then become infected by a bacterium or virus. Children are more likely to develop ear infections than adults, partly because their eustahian tubes are smaller and straight, making it difficult to pass fluids. Their immune system is also still developing, making them more susceptible to infections.

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Pain in the ear can be caused by scratching the inside of the ear with a finger, cotton swab or other object. Other possible causes of ear pain include:

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<ul><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Allergies</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Sinus infection</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Sore throat</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Infection of the teeth</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Accumulation of earwax</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Temporomandibular joint syndrome</li></ul>

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Eight-effective-means-for-relieving-ear-pain

Eight effective means for relieving ear pain

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Not all ear infections have a bacterial causative agent or need prescription drugs, including antibiotics. In fact, you can provide relief with some publicly available natural and home remedies such as:

Over-the-counter-painkillers

Over-the-counter painkillers

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Over-the-counter painkillers (OTC) such as ibuprofen and acetaminophen can be taken to control pain associated with a painful type of ear infection called acute otitis media. They are safe to use with or without antibiotics, but you should follow the dosing instructions on the label. These drugs can also help lower the temperature.&nbsp;

Warm-or-cold-compress

Warm or cold compress

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Use a compress of ice or heat and place it on the affected ear to relieve pain. The temperature you use depends on your preferences. You can also alternate a cold and warm compress every 10 minutes.

Ear-drops

Ear drops 

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Ear drops can reduce pressure in the ear caused by fluid and accumulation of earwax. You should read the instructions carefully and consult a doctor before applying ear drops to a child.

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Ear drops are not a substitute for prescription ear drops or antibiotics, so they can be used short-term. If symptoms worsen, examination by a doctor is mandatory.

Massage

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Gentle massage can help with ear pain, which is caused by a problem in the jaw or teeth or that cause headaches from tension. People can massage the affected area, as well as all surrounding muscles. For example, if the area behind the ear hurts, try massaging the muscles of the jaw and neck.

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The massage can also help with the pain of an ear infection. Continuing to exert pressure downwards, rub forward to the front of the ears.

Garlic

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Garlic has long been used in folk medicine to relieve pain. Some research suggests that it has antimicrobial properties that can fight infection. &nbsp;<a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK92775/" target="_blank" data-ref="Page not available - NCBI BookshelfTwitterFacebookLinkedInGitHubNCBI Insights BlogTwitterFacebookYoutube" rel="noopener">[Ref. 4]</a>&nbsp;

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People should not use it as a substitute for antibiotics prescribed by a doctor. Instead, consider adding garlic to an antibiotic diet to speed up relief and immune protection. You can also take it as a dietary supplement if you don't particularly like it.

Neck-exercises

Neck exercises

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Some ear pain is caused by pressure in the ear canal. There are easy neck exercises that can be used to relieve this tension.&nbsp;

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Follow these steps to help yourself through exercise if you have ear pain:

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<ol><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Sit upright with both feet under pressure on the ground.</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Slowly turn your neck and head to the right until your head becomes parallel to the shoulder.</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Turn your head to the other side until your head becomes parallel to the left shoulder.</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Lift your shoulders high, as if trying to cover your ears with shoulders.</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Make the movements slowly, hold them slightly, stretching more, count to five, then relax.</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Repeat exercises often during the day.</li></ol>

Ginger

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Ginger has natural anti-inflammatory properties that can help soothe ear pain. You can prepare ginger juice or strained oil warmed with ginger in it, and apply it to the outer ear canal. Do not put it directly in the ear.

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Hydrogen-peroxide

Hydrogen peroxide

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<h3>Hydrogen peroxide has been used as a natural remedy for ear pain for many years. To use this method of treatment, put a few drops of hydrogen peroxide into the affected ear. Let it stand for a few minutes, then drain it over a sink. Rinse the ear with clean, distilled water.</h3>

The best home remedy for ear pain depends on the cause of the problem. If it is caries, the pain in your ear may not improve until you visit a dentist. However, if it comes to ear infection, using a natural drug can make the disease bearable until your body fights off the infection. Many ear infections disappear on their own for about a week or two, with symptoms starting to improve after a few days with natural means. But if this does not happen, necessarily seek medical attention.

Ear Pain: Home Treatments & Remedies for Earaches -

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Бетина Цветкова

What-is-Sempervivum-tectorum-L.?

What is Sempervivum tectorum L.?

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Sempervivum tectorum is a plant that in Bulgaria we call "debelets". &nbsp;<a href="https://www.herbal-organic.com/bg/herb/19507" target="_blank" data-ref="Sempervivum tectorum" rel="noopener">[ref. 1]</a>&nbsp; Sempervivum tectorum is a decorative, evergreen, perennial succulent that usually forms rosettes up to 10 cm in diameter, with 50 to 60 thick, bare leaves. They are green, sometimes with purple tips. The maternal rosette spreads in all directions through horizontal stems to form branches. In summer, leafy, smoky, upright flowering stems rise from the mother rosette up to 30 cm tall, covered in a color of red-purple colors. &nbsp;<a href="https://plantingman.com/sempervivum-tectorum-houseleek/" target="_blank" data-ref="Sempervivum tectorum (Houseleek) - Succulent plants" rel="noopener">[Ref. 2]</a>&nbsp;

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Sempervivum in Latin means "live forever". Its name embodies the ability to survive even under different conditions, but also embodies the place where the plant can most often be found &ndash; right on the roofs of the houses. Old people believed that it would protect them from lightning, diseases and witches.

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Its healing properties are due to the presence of malic and formic acid in the first place. Sempervivum tectorum L. acts similarly to aloe vera and is considered one of the safest drugs for a wide range of skin diseases.

Healing-benefits-of-Sempervivum-tectorum

Healing benefits of Sempervivum tectorum

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<ul><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Sempervivum tectorum leaves and juice are used due to their cooling and astringent action, applying externally to soothe many skin diseases. As with many other means that are both astringent and soothing, thick juice simultaneously tightens and softens the skin.</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Fresh leaves are astringent, diuretic, cooling as action. They are used as a paw almost in the same way as aloe vera in the treatment of a wide range of skin diseases, burns, bites and stings, etc., and are also used to remove stubborn warts and calluses.</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">The Sempervivum tectorum plant is sometimes also used internally for the treatment of shingles, skin complaints and hemorrhoids, although some care is required, since in excess the plant can have a laxative effect or cause vomiting. The leaves are picked as needed and used fresh for this purpose.</li></ul>In the study "<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31168900/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Wound healing activity and phytochemical screening of purified fractions of Sempervivum tectorum L. leaves on HCT 116</a>" examines the potential activity of the thicket for wound healing, the rate of proliferation and intracellular signaling cascades using cells of human epithelial colorectal cancer (HCT 116). The results confirm the efficacy of purified fractions of S. tectorum L. to enhance cell proliferation and migration, suggesting their potential role as local therapeutic treatments for wound healing. &nbsp;<a href="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/pca.2844" target="_blank" data-ref="Just a moment..." rel="noopener">[ref. 3]</a>&nbsp;

Healing-benefits-of-Sempervivum-tectorum_1_1

In another study , <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27396195/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">"Evaluation of Radical Scavenging Activity of Sempervivum tectorum and Corylus avellana Extracts with Different Phenolic Composition</a>" the antioxidant activity of the plant and its diverse phenolic composition is analyzed. &nbsp;<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27396195/" target="_blank" data-ref="Evaluation of Radical Scavenging Activity of Sempervivum tectorum and Corylus avellana Extracts with Different Phenolic Composition - PubMed" rel="noopener">[ref. 4]</a> Antioxidant activity is slightly lower compared to that of Corylus avellana - the ordinary hazel. &nbsp;<a href="https://www.herbal-organic.com/bg/herb/14739" target="_blank" data-ref="Corylus avellana" rel="noopener">[Ref. 5]</a>&nbsp;

Healing-benefits-of-Sempervivum-tectorum_1_2

In Bulgarian folk medicine, one of the most famous areas of application is in inflammation of the ear due to the anti-inflammatory action of the plant juice. The ethnopharmacological use of S. tectorum juice for the treatment of ear pain has been demonstrated in "Ethnopharmacological uses of Sempervivum tectorum L. in southern Serbia: Scientific confirmation for the use against otitis linked bacteria", since the juice possesses antimicrobial activity relative to clinical isolates of otitis-related bacteria. &nbsp;<a href="https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0378874115302154" target="_blank" data-ref="Redirecting" rel="noopener">[Ref. 6]</a>&nbsp;

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Recipes-for-the-use-of-Sempervivum-tectorum

Recipes for the use of Sempervivum tectorum

Simple-drops-of-juice-for-ear-infections

Simple drops of juice for ear infections 

Simple-drops-of-juice-for-ear-infections_2_0

Cut a few leaves in half and squeeze two or three drops of their juice into the sick ear. Let the liquid work for a few minutes, then turn over to drain the liquid from the ear cavity.

Plain-tea

Plain tea

Plain-tea_2_0

You can also use Sempervivum tectorum to make a tea. Tea is very easy to prepare. Place a few dry chopped leaves in a small bowl with 250 ml. temperature of not more than 80&deg;C for about 15 minutes. Then let the tea cool, drain it and drink. Tea can also be used to soothe irritated skin.

Simple-recipe-for-Sempervivum-tectorum-and-honey

Simple recipe for Sempervivum tectorum and honey

Simple-recipe-for-Sempervivum-tectorum-and-honey_2_0

Ingredients:

Simple-recipe-for-Sempervivum-tectorum-and-honey_2_1

<ul><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">300 grams of juicy Sempervivum tectorum leaves</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">500 grams of honey</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">200 ml lemon juice</li></ul>Instructions for preparation:

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<ul><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">The leaves of Sempervivum tectorum and lemon juice are mixed in a blender.</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Combine the mixture with the honey.</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Put the mixture in a glass jar, wrap it in foil and refrigerate it.</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Take one teaspoon in the morning on an empty stomach, half an hour before breakfast.</li></ul>

The herb Sempervivum tectorum L. is known for its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antibacterial properties. The beautiful green plant is beneficial for treating ear infections, some skin irritations, and its tea is suitable for detoxifying retained toxic substances from the body.&nbsp;

Usage and health benefits of Common houseleek (Sempervivum Tectorum)

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Usage and health benefits of Common houseleek (Sempervivum Tectorum

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Author: Rositsa Tashkova, Master of Molecular Biology and Microbiology

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The broadleaf plantain (Plantago major) is best known for its ability to accelerate wound healing. It's also called white man's foot or greater plantain. The plant is widespread in Europe, Asia and America and is often found in gardens and other urban grasslands.

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The plantain is not distinguished by bright colors or large size, but despite its modest appearance, it hides a great healing potential, which extends beyond the treatment of wounds.

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Some of the properties attributed to it by folk medicine have been confirmed by recent research, including:

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<ul>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">wound healing,</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">antipyretic action (to lower fever),</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">cough suppression (antitussive),</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">against infections,</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">anti-haemorrhagic and haemostatic action,</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">anti-inflammatory,</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">diuretic,</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">laxative,</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">astringent.</li>
</ul>

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In this article you will learn more about the traditional use of plantain in Iranian traditional medicine, as well as the modern evidence of its healing properties. The information is taken from the article Plantago major in Traditional Persian Medicine and modern phytotherapy: a narrative review, 2018, Electronic physician [<a href="https://www.bioseek.eu/en/eng/research/pubmed/Plantago_major_in_Traditional_Persian_Medicine_and_modern_phytotherapy_a_narrative_review_29629064" target="_blank" rel="noopener">ref.1</a>].

Plantain-Use-According-to-Iranian-Folk-Medicine

Plantain Use According to Iranian Folk Medicine

Plantain-Use-According-to-Iranian-Folk-Medicine_0_0

The use of plantain for the treatment of various diseases dates back thousands of years. The earliest known account of the plantain is in "De materia medica", which was written by the Greek pharmaco-botanist Dioscurid in the 1st century (40-90 A.D.). The book is an encyclopedia of herbal treatment and pharmacopoeia from around the world.

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Plantain-Use-According-to-Iranian-Folk-Medicine_0_2

Plantain finds the following applications in Iranian folk medicine:

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<ul>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">In neurological diseases such <a href="/p/iepiliepsiiata_koi_liechiebni_rastieniia_sa_izpolzvani_v_drievna_piersiia_d697132f_9082_456b_ac3a_9019ffa4be12" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">epilepsy</a> or ear pain;</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">In diseases of the eyes;</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Against inflammation in the oral cavity and toothache (gargling and rinsing);</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">In lung diseases such as asthma and tuberculosis;</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">With gastrointestinal problems - bleeding, <a href="/p/profilaktika_klasichiesko_i_bilkovo_liechieniie_na_khiemoroidi_9e58f268_e51f_460a_8c66_6158a6575aac" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">hemorrhoids</a>, stomach ache, <a href="/p/7_bilki_koito_obliekchavat_loshoto_khranosmilanie_i_dispiepsiiata_60bc6c30_0949_4ed7_933c_460f9104d318" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">dyspepsia</a>, constipation;</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">In <a href="/p/chierniiat_drob_nie_boli_koi_bilki_podobriavat_zdravieto_mu_pri_khiepatit_stieatoza_i_tsiroza_ed55df70_c2be_430d_93f0_29a2aece49ff" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">liver</a> and bile disease;</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">In urogenital infections and pain in <a href="/p/kamni_v_bbrietsitie_koi_bilki_priechat_na_obrazuvanieto_im_i_kak_da_sie_khranim" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">the kidneys</a> and bladder;</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">For the treatment of various wounds and burns.</li>
</ul>

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Many of these and other healing properties are also confirmed by modern medicine. You will learn about some of them in the following lines.

Broadleaf-Plantain-and-The-Immune-System

Broadleaf Plantain and The Immune System

Broadleaf-Plantain-and-The-Immune-System_1_0

In low concentrations, plantain possesses immunomodulatory activity, increases the number of lymphocytes and the secretion of interferon-γ, but at high concentrations this property can be suppressed.

Broadleaf-Plantain-and-The-Immune-System_1_1

Plantain tea can aid the immune system in leukemia and viral infections. [<a href="https://www.bioseek.eu/en/eng/research/pubmed/In_vitro_cytotoxic_antiviral_and_immunomodulatory_effects_of_Plantago_major_and_Plantago_asiatica_12856861" target="_blank" rel="noopener">ref.2</a>]

Plantain-in-Gastrointestinal-Problems

Plantain in Gastrointestinal Problems

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The seeds of plantain secrete mucus substances that have a laxative and protective effect for the mucous membrane of the stomach. Seeds are recommended for inflammatory bowel diseases, e.g. ulcerative colitis.

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On the other hand, leaf extract reduces the mobility of the duodenum and has astringent effect.

Plantain-in-Gastrointestinal-Problems_2_2

Plantain-in-Urticaria

Plantain in Urticaria

Plantain-in-Urticaria_3_0

Broadleaf plantain contains substances that suppress the production of prostaglandins, the movement of white blood cells and the release of histamine, and this is relevant for the suppression of urticaria.

Antibacterial-and-Antiparasite-Effects-of-Plantain

Antibacterial and Antiparasite Effects of Plantain

Antibacterial-and-Antiparasite-Effects-of-Plantain_4_0

Some types of plantain extracts have shown an effect against the Giardia parasite.

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Plantain extract in ethyl alcohol shows antibacterial activity against the bacteria E. coli and Bacillus cereus, and acetone extract is also effective against Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Klebsiella pneumonia, Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Plantain extract also has good effectiveness against <a href="../../eng/p/home_remedies_for_vaginal_candidiasis" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Candida albicans yeast</a>.

Plantain-Helps-Wound-Healing

Plantain Helps Wound Healing

Plantain-Helps-Wound-Healing_5_0

Broadleaf plantain is traditionally used to heal wounds. With tissue damage, whether from bacteria, physical trauma, chemical, heat or any other phenomenon, the body reacts with an inflammatory response, which is by its very nature a protective reaction. Inflammation is manifested by redness, fever, edema and pain in the affected tissue.

Plantain-Helps-Wound-Healing_5_1

Plantain contains polyphenols and in particular plantamajoside, which are considered the main significant compounds for wound healing. For this purpose, aqueous extract of plantain can be used.

Plantain-Helps-Wound-Healing_5_2

Anti-cancer-Properties-of-Plantain

Anti-cancer Properties of Plantain

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Various studies have shown that both spirit and water extracts of plantain possess the property to inhibit the growth of certain cancer cell lines: melanoma (skin cancer), adenocarcinoma of the breast and kidney. [<a href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/311913648_Evaluation_of_In_Vitro_Anticancer_Effect_of_Plantago_major_L_and_Plantago_lanceolata_L_Leaf_Extracts_from_Sivas" target="_blank" rel="noopener">ref.3</a>]

Anti-cancer-Properties-of-Plantain_6_1

According to one of the studies, the greatest potential to inhibit the growth of cancer cells have the seeds of broadleaf plantain, in particular on the following cancer cell lines: MCF-7, MDA-MB-231, HeLaS3, A549 and KB. They also suppress inflammatory cytokines tumornecortising factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin 1β and 6 (IL-1β, IL-6) and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ).

Anti-cancer-Properties-of-Plantain_6_2

Extracts from the roots of the plant exhibit the same properties. However, the scientists who conducted this study offer the seeds of broadleaf plantain as a source of new drugs against oncological and inflammatory diseases. [<a href="https://www.bioseek.eu/en/eng/research/pubmed/Effects_of_Plantago_major_Extracts_and_Its_Chemical_Compounds_on_Proliferation_of_Cancer_Cells_and_Cytokines_Production_of_Lipopolysaccharide_activated_THP_1_Macrophages_28839362" target="_blank" rel="noopener">ref.4</a>]

Q&amp;A

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What side effects can the intake of broadleaf plantain have?

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In general, plantain is considered a safe herb, but an overdose can lead to anaphylaxis (suffocation due to an allergic reaction). In milder cases of side effects, vomiting, nausea, diarrhea, anorexia, bloating, hypersensitivity or dermatitis may be observed.

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How is broadleaf plantain used?

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The usual dose is 3–5 grams of the powdered herb 1–3 times a day, but the most common dose in the form of tea (infusion) is 150 ml 3–4 times a day.

earache

Usage and health benefits of Common houseleek (Sempervivum Tectorum)

The Broadleaf Plantain: A Modest Plant with Great Healing Potential