Endometriosis is a condition in which cells similar to those in the endometrium, the layer of tissue that normally covers the inside of the uterus, grow outside the uterus. Most often this is on the ovaries, fallopian tubes, and tissue around the uterus and ovaries; however, in rare cases it may also occur in other parts of the body. The main symptoms are pelvic pain and infertility. Nearly half of those affected have chronic pelvic pain, while in 70% pain occurs during menstruation. Pain during ...

endometriosis

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Abnormal-Uterine-Bleeding

Abnormal Uterine Bleeding

Abnormal-Uterine-Bleeding_0_0

Abnormal uterine bleeding refers to any bleeding that is not part of your regular menstrual cycle. It can be caused by a variety of factors, including hormonal imbalances, uterine fibroids, polyps, and even cancer. Symptoms may include heavy bleeding, bleeding between periods, or longer or shorter periods. If you experience any of these symptoms, it's essential to see a gynecologist.

Endometriosis

Endometriosis_0_0

Endometriosis is a condition where the tissue that lines the inside of the uterus grows outside of it. It can cause severe pain, heavy bleeding, and infertility. Endometriosis affects around 10% of women of reproductive age and can be challenging to diagnose. If you suspect you have endometriosis, see a gynecologist or a specialist in reproductive medicine.

Polycystic-Ovary-Syndrome-(PCOS)

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS)

Polycystic-Ovary-Syndrome-(PCOS)_0_0

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a hormonal disorder that affects up to 10% of women of reproductive age. It is characterized by multiple cysts on the ovaries, irregular periods, and infertility. PCOS can also cause weight gain, acne, and excessive hair growth. If you suspect you have PCOS, see an endocrinologist for proper diagnosis and treatment.

Cervical-cancer

Cervical cancer

Cervical-cancer_0_0

Cervical cancer is a type of cancer that develops in the cervix, which is the lower part of the uterus. It is usually caused by the human papillomavirus (HPV). Symptoms may include abnormal vaginal bleeding, pain during sex, and pelvic pain. Cervical cancer can be prevented with routine Pap tests and HPV vaccines. If you suspect you have cervical cancer, see a gynecologist or an oncologist.

Herbal-and-natural-remedies

Herbal and natural remedies

Herbal-and-natural-remedies_0_0

In addition to medical treatment, there are also several herbs and natural remedies that may help with period problems. Here are a few to consider:

Herbal-and-natural-remedies_0_1

<ul><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Ginger (Zingiber officinale): Known for its anti-inflammatory properties, ginger may help reduce menstrual pain and cramps.</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Chasteberry (Vitex agnus-castus): Also known as vitex, chasteberry may help regulate menstrual cycles and reduce PMS symptoms.</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Red raspberry leaf (Rubus idaeus): Rich in vitamins and minerals, red raspberry leaf may help strengthen the uterus and reduce heavy bleeding.</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Black cohosh (Actaea racemosa): Often used for menopausal symptoms, black cohosh may also help relieve menstrual cramps and regulate periods.</li></ul>It's important to note that these remedies are not a substitute for medical treatment and should be used with caution. Always consult with a healthcare provider before trying any new herbal or natural remedies.

What-medications,-allergies-and-foods-can-lead-to-problematic-periods

What medications, allergies and foods can lead to problematic periods

What-medications,-allergies-and-foods-can-lead-to-problematic-periods_1_0

Medications:

Medications:_1_0

<ul><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) such as aspirin, ibuprofen, and naproxen can cause heavy menstrual bleeding or prolonged bleeding.</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Hormonal contraceptives such as birth control pills, patches, and hormonal intrauterine devices (IUDs) can cause irregular bleeding or spotting.</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Anticoagulants like warfarin and heparin can increase the risk of heavy menstrual bleeding.</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Antidepressants such as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) can cause irregular bleeding or amenorrhea (absence of menstrual periods).</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Thyroid hormone replacement therapy can cause irregular or heavy menstrual bleeding.</li></ul>

Active-compounds-of-medications:

Active compounds of medications:

Active-compounds-of-medications:_1_0

<ul><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Aspirin: acetylsalicylic acid</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Ibuprofen: nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Naproxen: nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Hormonal contraceptives: estrogen and/or progestin</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Warfarin: anticoagulant</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Heparin: anticoagulant</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">SSRIs: selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">TCAs: tricyclic antidepressants</li></ul>

Allergies:

Allergies:_1_0

<ul><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Allergies to latex, used in some condoms, can cause vaginal irritation and discomfort during menstrual periods.</li></ul>

Foods:

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<ul><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Caffeine can cause breast tenderness and irritability in some women during their periods.</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Alcohol consumption can cause dehydration and worsen menstrual cramps.</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Salt can lead to bloating and water retention, which can worsen menstrual symptoms.</li></ul>

In conclusion, period problems can be scary, but they don't have to be. By paying attention to your menstrual cycle and seeking medical attention when necessary, you can ensure your reproductive health stays in top shape. And if you're interested in trying natural remedies, there are plenty of options out there. Just remember to always talk to your healthcare provider before trying anything new.
So, go forth and take care of yourself, ladies. Your period is trying to tell you something, and it's important to listen.

Period Problems: What Your Menstrual Cycle Is Trying to Tell You

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Екипът на Санацио

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Most common causes of recurrent pregnancy loss

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Many women's dream is to start a family, to watch how one, two, three or even more little people grow up before their eyes and become big girls and boys, full of dreams and a desire for adventure. Unfortunately, however, not everyone is favoured with this opportunity. About 2-2.5% of women undergo two or more miscarriages, which is defined as recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) and may be associated with reproductive problems (1).

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In this article, we will discuss the most common causes, as well as other main factors that are believed to contribute to repeated miscarriages. Finally, we will talk about what type of tests can be done to establish the cause and what treatments and methods are applied to overcome this problem.

Most-common-causes-of-recurrent-abortions

Most common causes of recurrent abortions

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There are many reasons that are considered leading in repeated pregnancy loss. As science and medicine progress, the influence of more and more factors is proven, which sometimes creates differences in conclusions between different state reproductive organizations. As leading factors, genetic, anatomical, endocrinological and immunological problems are noted.

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Anatomical-factors

Anatomical factors

Anatomical-factors_0_0

Anatomical defects in the uterus occur in 10%-15% of cases of repeated abortions (6). It is believed that the way they contribute to a miscarriage is by cutting blood circulation to the lining of the uterus (endometrium), which in turn leads to a number of reproductive problems. The most common anatomical defects found in women undergoing RPL are congenital genetic defects, intrauterine adhesions and uterine fibroids or polyps (6).

Anatomical-factors_0_1

Anatomical-factors_0_2

Intrauterus adhesions, often associated with Asherman's syndrome, are common in RPL. They can be developed after a coarse curettage or other surgical interventions of the uterus, birth by caesarean section, radiotherapy, endometriosis or various infections such as genital tuberculosis. Adhesions of the uterus are caused by the formation of a cicatricial connective tissue resembling scars of the endometrium and leads to a change in its size and shape. Depending on the size of conglutination, this condition may not constitute a problem or even lead to infertility (7).

Anatomical-factors_0_3

Uterine fibroids and polyps are also associated with recurrent pregnancy loss. Fibroids, also called myomas or leiomyomas, are harmless growths from the muscle tissue of the uterus, while polyps are growths from the endometrium. Many women have such excrescences but most do not pose a problem. These formations can lead to miscarriage by preventing the egg from being properly implanted into the uterus. According to the American Society for Reproductive Medicine, 5%-10% of sterile women have myomas (8).

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Genetic-factors

Genetic factors

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Genetic factors include mainly chromosomal abnormalities, which can usually occur with the development of the embryo or be inherited from the parents. It is believed that about 2%-8% of couples who suffer from repeated pregnancy loss have an abnormal karyotype (karyotype is the totality of all chromosomes) (2), but embryonic chromosomal abnormalities are rare in RPL (4). About 50%-60% of all early miscarriages are due to defects in the karyotype (2). The most common hereditary chromosomal abnormalities in recurrent pregnancy loss are translocations, with the most commonly observed in RPL being reciprocal (about 60% of the translocations) and Robertson translocations (about 40% of the translocations).

Genetic-factors_0_1

Genetic-factors_0_2

Reciprocal translocation is called the exchange of genetic material between two different chromosomes, and Robertson translocation is the joining of the long arms of one chromosome with the long arms of another chromosome and of the short ones with the short ones, forming two wrong-sized chromosomes (4). Although we have no influence on these genetic events, most parents who carry such genetic defects give life to a perfectly healthy child. If you have already suffered a miscarriage caused by chromosomal abnormalities, the probability of a subsequent abortion for the same reason is very low.

Endocrinological-factors

Endocrinological factors

Endocrinological-factors_0_0

17%-20% of recurrent pregnancy loss is associated with endocrinological problems in women. The main ones are polycystic ovary syndrome, diabetes mellitus, thyroid disease. Scientists are discussing the possibility that a defect in the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle may have an impact on RPL, but this is still up for debate. Polycystic ovary syndrome is found in at least 40% of women who go through repeated pregnancy loss (9).

Endocrinological-factors_0_1

Endocrinological-factors_0_2

These women are known to have insulin resistance and hyperinsolemia, hyperandrogemia and increased levels of a plasminogen activator-1 inhibitor – factors that have been proven to interfere with the course of normal pregnancy (6,10). In women suffering from diabetes mellitus, there is no increased risk of miscarriage, as long as insulin and glycosylated haemoglobin levels are kept to normal (11). &nbsp;Similarly, women with hypothyroidism may have a normal pregnancy and a healthy child if maintaining normal levels of thyroid hormone. If levels are not regulated during pregnancy, the risk of abortion, as well as of congenital genetic problems of the child after birth increase (12).

Immunological-factors

Immunological factors

Immunological-factors_0_0

With the development of science there is deeper understanding of the influence of immunological factors on RPL. During implantation of the egg in the uterus, in the formation of the placenta and in the development of the embryo, a large number of different immune processes are involved, immune teams of guards, the role of which is to accompany and preserve the normal course of all these reproductive processes.

Immunological-factors_0_1

Immunological-factors_0_2

Unfortunately, however, in some cases, the immune cells – guards make mistakes and cause problems in pregnancy. A main such problem is antiphospholipid antibody syndrome, which occurs in 15% of patients who undergo recurrent abortions (13). This is a rare autoimmune disease in which the immune system mistakenly attacks parts of the cell membrane called phospholipids. The cells that make up the lining of blood vessels are damaged, which causes increased formation of clots in the blood. This is a major problem in pregnant women, because communication between the mother and the embryo happens by blood. This disease can lead to blockage of blood vessels in the placenta, which would interfere with the development of the embryo and therefore lead to miscarriage. Another immunological factor for RPL is considered the possibility of the mother organism not recognizing the fetus as its own and disposing of it. Since the embryo carries genetic information from both the mother and the father, the paternal antigens which the fetus presents may be identified as alien by the mother's immune system and the placenta may be discarded (14).

Other-factors-associated-with-THE-PA

Other factors associated with THE PA

Thrombophilia

Thrombophilia_1_0

Thrombophilia_1_1

The main thrombophilia most often associated with repeated pregnancy loss are:

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(a) Hyperhomocysteinemia, which occurs from a mutation in a specific gene called methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR). Opinions in science are still conflicting about whether this gene has any connection to vascular diseases at all, but many of the women who undergo repeated abortions have this mutation.

Thrombophilia_1_3

b) Resistance to activated protein C – occurs from a mutation in Factor V Leiden. This mutation is a major genetic change in thrombophilia, since with its presence it is considered that the body goes into a state of hypercoagulation.

Thrombophilia_1_4

c) Deficiency of activated protein C and protein S – these can be both congenital and acquired as a result of liver diseases, some infections, vitamin K deficiency and others. Congenital protein C deficiency arises from a mutation in the PROC gene, and in protein S - from a mutation in the PROS1 gene.

Thrombophilia_1_5

(d) Mutations in prothrombin and antithrombin.

Fragmentation-of-sperm-DNA

Fragmentation of sperm DNA

Fragmentation-of-sperm-DNA_1_0

In a large number of cases of repeated abortions the cause is not in the woman but in the other partner, whose genetic material is also transmitted to the fetus. Most men have a subpopulation of sperm in their ejaculate, the DNA of which is damaged before or during ejaculation. In some subfertile men, the number of such spermatozoa is increased and this may be associated with the advent of repeated miscarriages (18).

Impact-of-environmental-factors-on-the-occurrence-of-recurrent-miscarriages

Impact of environmental factors on the occurrence of recurrent miscarriages

Impact-of-environmental-factors-on-the-occurrence-of-recurrent-miscarriages_1_0

There are various factors which some people face every day, which may contribute to the risk of recurrent miscarriages. Daily alcohol, cigarettes and coffee intake are most commonly discussed. Drinking alcohol 3 times a week for the first 3 months or 5 times a week during pregnancy has been shown to increase the risk of miscarriages. Smoking cigarettes is associated with constriction of blood vessels due to the presence of nicotine in them, which reduces blood circulation to the placenta and can be the cause of miscarriage (6). Coffee intake can also be a factor in miscarriage, as has been demonstrated in some studies (16,17). Although there are clearly risks of taking these substances, no link has yet been found between their intake and RPL.

What-tests-can-you-do-to-find-the-cause?

What tests can you do to find the cause?

What-tests-can-you-do-to-find-the-cause?_2_0

A visit to the gynecologist is inevitable after a miscarriage. While you are in the office, hysteroscopy can be done – a study in which the doctor examines the condition of the uterus from the inside using a small camera. Another study that is done in a specific place for the procedure is a hysterosalpingogram. In this study, fluoroscopy is performed – a contrast agent is injected into the cervix, which diffuses along the uterus and fallopian tubes. The process is observed on an X-ray and it visualizes whether there is a blockage of the fallopian tubes.

What-tests-can-you-do-to-find-the-cause?_2_1

Conducting cytogenetic analysis is a commonly prescribed study in patients who have suffered repeated miscarriages. Cytogenetic analysis allows to see all the chromosomes of the patient after only one blood collection. Chromosomes are isolated from the blood cells and then stained by a special method, allowing them to be seen under a microscope and to find out if any chromosomal defects are present.

What-tests-can-you-do-to-find-the-cause?_2_2

What-tests-can-you-do-to-find-the-cause?_2_3

Examination of hormones such as thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), checking the ovarian reserve by examining follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and estradiol may be useful in RPL. If you experience irregular menstruation, it can be seen whether antithyroid antibodies are present, which are detected in 17%-33% of women who have suffered 3 or more miscarriages (19). Checking if insulin resistance is present may also be helpful after undergoing RPL.

What-tests-can-you-do-to-find-the-cause?_2_4

Since antiphospholipid syndrome is indisputably associated with repeated abortions, it is significant to test for the presence of anticardiolipin antibodies and lupus anticoagulant, which will indicate whether the patient has an increased risk of forming blood clots.

What-tests-can-you-do-to-find-the-cause?_2_5

What-tests-can-you-do-to-find-the-cause?_2_6

Despite numerous associations of thrombophilia with miscarriages in women, they have not yet been accepted as a major factor in repeated abortions, but rather as an accompanying factor to other factors that make a greater contribution to the occurrence of such events. Nevertheless, it is advisable that women who have a history of thrombosis take a blood test for the presence of thrombophilia.

What-tests-can-you-do-to-find-the-cause?_2_7

Last but not least, it is important to establish whether the cause of RPL comes from the male partner by examining the seminal fluid for DNA fragmentation. There are several different methods that can be conducted for this analysis, but all of them evaluate whether there is damage in sperm DNA.

What-tests-can-you-do-to-find-the-cause?_2_8

Therapies-that-may-improve-the-chances-of-conception-in-RPL

Therapies that may improve the chances of conception in RPL

Therapies-that-may-improve-the-chances-of-conception-in-RPL_3_0

If an anatomical problem is detected, it can be removed surgically which often gives good results. If there are genetic abnormalities, including fragmentation of DNA in spermatozoa, the best option is to approach various in vitro procedures. Therapy with insulin-sensitive agents such as metformin improves performance in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (20). If there is an increased risk of thrombus formation, therapy with low molecular weight anticoagulants, such as heparin, is recommended. For some women, it is even advisable to continue taking them during pregnancy. Other easy changes that can be done in everyday life that can have big impact on the improvement in the chances of conception is the management of a healthy lifestyle by both partners – healthy eating, more movement, no drinking of alcohol, coffee and no smoking cigarettes, taking vitamins and antioxidants.

Therapies-that-may-improve-the-chances-of-conception-in-RPL_3_1

Conclusion

Conclusion_4_0

Nowadays, about 25%-30% of women go through hardships to discover the cause of repeated abortions, many of which even remain unclear. It is believed that in about 40%-50% of cases the exact cause cannot be found (6). However, most women who undergo repeated miscarriages (about 70%-75% of them) subsequently manage to give life to a healthy child (3).

Conclusion_4_1

Most common causes of recurrent pregnancy loss

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 Most common causes of recurrent pregnancy loss

Ивелина Янкова

Author: Sylvia Marinova, PhD student in the "Genomic Stability" lab at BAS

Anise is an integral part of so many traditional drinks, that it is very likely that you have already encountered it, be it in our mastic, the Greek ouso, the Italian sambuca, the Turkish brandy (interestingly, like its name, this drink is obtained in a similar way to grape brandy, but anise is added in the fermentation of fruits) or simply at the end of a heavy evening with the high-alcohol absinthe. But you may not remeber the later very well.

Of course, in addition to the popularity of the herb for the making of alcoholic products, it deserves a lot of attention, too, because of its healing properties - which is why it is also the subject of this article. The anise and its applications are among the most well-known in traditional medicine of many cultures. In ancient Rome, for example, the herb was mainly used as a means of aiding digestion, and the ancient Greeks recommended it in the treatment of cough. In the text we will get to know in more detail the origin, biological features, chemical composition and applications of anise.

Botanical-description

Botanical description

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The most popular variety of anise, which is used for healing purposes, is the plant with the Latin name Pimpinella anisum. It belongs to the Apiaceae family, just like its close relative fennel.

Botanical-description_0_1

More read in the article <a href="/p/riezienie_niepoznatata_bilka_za_plosk_koriem" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer"> Fennel - The Unknown Herb for a Flat Stomach</a>.

Botanical-description_0_2

Famous representatives of this family are also dill, parsley, carrots, celery,etc. Not to be confused with star anise (Illicium verum), which is an evergreen shrub or tree and is known as one of the aromatic spices for mulled wine. Despite the similar name and taste, star anise belongs to another plant family.

Botanical-description_0_3

Anise is a herbaceous plant, reaching a height of between 30 and 50 cm, with white flowers and small yellowish seeds. Today, anise is found in the Mediterranean, in Spain, the Middle East, Egypt, Mexico and is cultivated mainly because of its seeds.

Chemical-composition

Chemical composition

Chemical-composition_1_0

Chemical-composition_1_1

Anise seeds are very rich in essential oil, its main component being trans-anethol, but also it has dianthol,&nbsp; anisaldehyde, etc. <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3405664/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">[ref.1]</a>.

Anise-has-antibacterial-and-antifungal-properties

Anise has antibacterial and antifungal properties

Anise-has-antibacterial-and-antifungal-properties_2_0

Laboratory studies have shown that aqueous and methanol extract of anise seeds have antibacterial action and inhibit the growth of several bacterial strains&nbsp;- Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, Escherchia coli, and Klebsiella pneumoniae <a href="https://pdfs.nutramedix.ec/Pimpinella%20anisum%20-%20Antibacterial.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noopener">[ref.2]</a>. There are other studies that explore and show this effect on other bacterial species.

Anise-has-antibacterial-and-antifungal-properties_2_1

Besides antibacterial action, in the scientific literature there are also described data <a href="https://www.bioseek.eu/bg/bul/research/pubmed/Antifungal_activity_of_fluid_extract_and_essential_oil_from_anise_fruits_Pimpinella_anisum_L_Apiaceae_16375827" target="_blank" rel="noopener">&nbsp; [ref.3]</a>. Suppressing the growth of the fungus Candida albicansis the aqueous extract of anise seeds, while essential oil has a stronger effect against fungi of thegenus dermatophytes.&nbsp;The latter cause superficial inflammation of the skin, hair and nails.

Anticonvulsant-properties-of-anise

Anticonvulsant properties of anise

Anticonvulsant-properties-of-anise_3_0

As amazing as it sounds, Pythagoras was convinced that anise treated epilepsy and prescribed it against such seizures. As of today there are already scientific reports on the same effect. For example, in 1999, a study was carried out studying the ability of anise essential oil applied at different doses to mice to block artificially stimulated <a href="https://www.bioseek.eu/bg/bul/research/pubmed/The_fruit_essential_oil_of_Pimpinella_anisum_exerts_anticonvulsant_effects_in_mice_10433480" target="_blank" rel="noopener">[ref.4]</a>. In 2008, Janachmadi and a collective proposed a mechanism of action according to which anise oil affects the way nerve impulses are transmitted <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18852037/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">[ref.5]</a>.

Anise-affects-the-digestive-system

Anise affects the digestive system

Anise-affects-the-digestive-system_4_0

Anise-affects-the-digestive-system_4_1

One of the most famous properties of anise is its action on the gastrointestinal system. Besides its beneficial effect on digestion, it has a superb taste and is preferred for seasoning fish and seafood in the Mediterranean, as well as for making&nbsp; sweets.

Anise-affects-the-digestive-system_4_2

Some studies have shown that aqueous anise extract significantly reduces lesions on the gastric mucosa in experimental rats, on which the production of ulcer<a href="https://www.bioseek.eu/bg/bul/research/pubmed/Aqueous_suspension_of_anise_Pimpinella_anisum_protects_rats_against_chemically_induced_gastric_ulcers_17373749" target="_blank" rel="noopener"></a>is stimulated by chemicals &nbsp;<a href="https://www.bioseek.eu/bg/bul/research/pubmed/Aqueous_suspension_of_anise_Pimpinella_anisum_protects_rats_against_chemically_induced_gastric_ulcers_17373749" target="_blank" rel="noopener">[ref.6] </a>.

Anise-affects-the-digestive-system_4_3

In addition, anise is believed to favorably affect constipation as well as bloating caused by excess gas. For this reason, aniseed drinks are often classified as so-called digestive drink.

Anise-as-an-antispasmodic

Anise as an antispasmodic

Anise-as-an-antispasmodic_5_0

Another well-known action of the herb is myorelaxant ( relaxes muscles). A study published in 2007 showed the antispasmodic effect of the water-alcohol solution of anise on the smooth musculature of laboratory rats <a href="https://www.bioseek.eu/bg/bul/research/pubmed/Antispasmodic_and_relaxant_effects_of_the_hidroalcoholic_extract_of_Pimpinella_anisum_Apiaceae_on_rat_anococcygeus_smooth_muscle_17027208" target="_blank" rel="noopener">[ref.7]</a> and justified this use in folk medicine.

Anise-for-the-treatment-of-cough

Anise for the treatment of cough

Anise-for-the-treatment-of-cough_6_0

Anise from antiquity is used in diseases of the respiratory system. The reason is that the herb has an expectorant effect, which is due to a reflective increase in bronchial secretion.&nbsp;In addition, it stimulates the respiratory center in the brain and thus aids breathing.

Other-anise-actions

Other anise actions

Other-anise-actions_7_0

Other applications of anise are:

Other-anise-actions_7_1

<ul>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">stimulates the secretion of mammary glands</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">relieves menopause symptoms</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">reduces menstrual pain</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">antioxidant action</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">insecticidal effect</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">antiviral effect</li>
</ul>

How-to-consume-it

How to consume it

How-to-consume-it_8_0

How-to-consume-it_8_1

Besides being a digestive drink , we can also make a decoction of anise seeds:

How-to-consume-it_8_2

To do this, steam a teaspoon of crushed anise seeds for 15 minutes in boiling water.

How-to-consume-it_8_3

Another application of anise is in culinary. It is a great spice for many dishes such as fish, meat, salad or for pastries, breads and tortillas. It combines well with nutmeg, cinnamon, black pepper, ginger, etc.

endometriosis

Most common causes of recurrent pregnancy loss

Anise - The Summer Taste of an Ancient Herb

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