Glaucoma is a group of eye diseases which result in damage to the optic nerve and cause vision loss. The most common type is open-angle (wide angle, chronic simple) glaucoma, in which the drainage angle for fluid within the eye remains open, with less common types including closed-angle (narrow angle, acute congestive) glaucoma and normal-tension glaucoma. Open-angle glaucoma develops slowly over time and there is no pain. Peripheral vision may begin to decrease, followed by central vision, resulting ...

glaucoma

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Causes,-Symptoms,-and-Risk-Factors-of-Age-Related-Macular-Degeneration

Causes, Symptoms, and Risk Factors of Age-Related Macular Degeneration

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Age-related macular degeneration is a common eye condition that affects the macula, a small area near the center of the retina responsible for sharp central vision. As we age, the macula begins to deteriorate, leading to a gradual loss of vision. There are two types of AMD: dry AMD, which is the most common, and wet AMD, which is more severe but less common.

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Symptoms of AMD include blurred or distorted vision, difficulty recognizing faces, and trouble seeing in low light conditions. Risk factors for the disease include age, smoking, genetics, and a diet low in antioxidants and certain nutrients.

The-Ginkgo-Biloba-Connection

The Ginkgo Biloba Connection

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Ginkgo Biloba has long been used in traditional Chinese medicine, primarily for its cognitive-enhancing properties. However, recent scientific research has shed light on its potential in the fight against AMD. A study conducted by the University of Maryland Medical Center found that the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of Ginkgo Biloba can help protect retinal cells and slow the progression of AMD.

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This research is further supported by a study published in the Journal of Ethnopharmacology, which found that the bioactive compounds present in Ginkgo Biloba leaves, such as flavonoids and terpenoids, contribute to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. These compounds may help neutralize the damaging effects of free radicals and oxidative stress, which are known contributors to the development and progression of AMD.

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Incorporating-Ginkgo-Biloba-into-Your-Diet

Incorporating Ginkgo Biloba into Your Diet

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While Ginkgo Biloba supplements are readily available, incorporating the plant into your diet can be a fun and delicious way to reap its benefits. Here are a few easy-to-make recipes that include Ginkgo Biloba:

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<ol><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Ginkgo Nut Rice Pudding: Cook rice with milk, sugar, and a pinch of salt. Stir in ginkgo nuts, raisins, and a dash of cinnamon for a tasty dessert.</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Ginkgo Tea: Steep dried Ginkgo Biloba leaves in hot water for 5-10 minutes. Strain and enjoy a soothing cup of tea.</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Ginkgo Biloba Stir Fry: Saut&eacute; your favorite vegetables with ginkgo nuts, garlic, ginger, and soy sauce for a healthy and flavorful side dish.</li></ol>

Allergy-Note-and-Medical-Advice

Allergy Note and Medical Advice

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It is essential to keep in mind that Ginkgo Biloba may cause allergic reactions in some individuals. Always consult your healthcare provider before incorporating any new supplement or ingredient into your diet, especially if you have a known allergy or are taking medications.

Questions-and-Answers

Questions and Answers

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Q: Can Ginkgo Biloba help with other eye conditions?

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A: While the research on Ginkgo Biloba primarily focuses on its effects on AMD, its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties may potentially benefit other eye conditions, such as glaucoma and diabetic retinopathy. However, more research is needed to establish its effectiveness in treating these conditions.

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Q: Are there any side effects associated with Ginkgo Biloba consumption?

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A: Ginkgo Biloba is generally considered safe for most people. However, some individuals may experience mild side effects such as headache, dizziness, or gastrointestinal issues. It is always recommended to consult your healthcare provider before starting any new supplement or dietary change.

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Q: Can I use Ginkgo Biloba supplements instead of incorporating it into my diet?

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A: Yes, Ginkgo Biloba supplements are a convenient alternative for those who prefer not to incorporate the plant into their meals. Ensure that you choose a high-quality supplement and follow the recommended dosage as advised by your healthcare provider.

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Q: How long does it take for Ginkgo Biloba to show its effects on AMD?

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A: The effects of Ginkgo Biloba on AMD may vary from person to person, depending on factors such as age, the severity of the condition, and overall health. It is essential to maintain a consistent intake of Ginkgo Biloba, either through diet or supplements, to maximize its potential benefits.

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Q: Can Ginkgo Biloba prevent AMD from developing in the first place?

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A: Although Ginkgo Biloba has shown promise in slowing the progression of AMD, there is currently no concrete evidence to suggest that it can prevent the onset of the disease. However, maintaining a healthy lifestyle, including a diet rich in antioxidants and other essential nutrients, can help reduce the risk of developing AMD.

The ancient Ginkgo Biloba tree may hold the key to slowing down the progression of age-related macular degeneration, a leading cause of vision loss in the elderly. With its potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, Ginkgo Biloba has shown promise in protecting retinal cells and combating the damaging effects of oxidative stress. By incorporating Ginkgo Biloba into your diet, you may be taking a significant step in preserving your eyesight and maintaining a healthy lifestyle.

Harnessing Ginkgo Biloba: A New Frontier in the Battle Against Age-Related Macular Degeneration

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Harnessing Ginkgo Biloba: A New Frontier in the Battle Against Age-Rel

Екипът на Санацио

General-information-about-Ginkgo-Biloba

General information about Ginkgo Biloba 

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Ginkgo, one of the oldest living tree species in the world (some trees in China are over 2,500 years old), has a long history in traditional Chinese medicine. Members of the royal court received ginkgo nuts for senility. Other historically documented uses of ginkgo are for asthma, bronchitis, and kidney and bladder diseases. 1

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Today, ginkgo leaf extract is promoted as a dietary supplement for many conditions, including anxiety, allergies, dementia, eye problems, peripheral artery disease (when plaque buildup narrows the blood vessels that carry blood to the head, organs, and limbs), tinnitus, and other health problems.

Active-ingredients-in-Ginkgo-Biloba

Active ingredients in Ginkgo Biloba 

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Ginkgo biloba has two main active ingredients in different concentrations: terpene lactones (which mostly include ginkgolides and diterpenes) and ginkgo flavone glycosides (which mostly contain ginkethin, bilobethin and sciadopizisin). Most of the studies that investigated the effect of ginkgo biloba used the standardized ginkgo biloba extract (EGb761), which was developed by a German pharmaceutical company in 1964. Flavonoids include quercetin, rutin, kaempferol and isoramnetin. Lactones include ginkgolide A, ginkgolide B, ginkgolide C, bilobalide, and ginggotoxin, lactone, which is structurally related to pyridoxine.&nbsp;

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Numerous pharmacological studies have suggested that it is the terpene trilactones and flavonoids in ginkgo that are responsible for the main pharmacological effects of the extract.&nbsp;

Benefits-of-ginkgo-biloba-for-health

Benefits of ginkgo biloba for health 

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Ginkgo biloba can provide a number of health benefits, including improving cognitive function, supporting blood circulation, relieving leg and joint pain, and more. Traditional uses are wide-ranging, but not all have been confirmed by research, so we will take a detailed look at those for which scientific data are available.

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Most of the positive effects of ginkgo are due to high levels of flavonoids and terpenoids, compounds known for their strong antioxidant effects. Antioxidants fight or neutralize the harmful effects of free radicals. Many of the purported benefits of taking ginkgo have been linked to these antioxidant effects.

Improving-memory-in-dementia-and-Alzheimer's

Improving memory in dementia and Alzheimer's 

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There is some evidence to suggest that ginkgo may help people with dementia, although more research is needed. Benefits may include:

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<ul><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Improved thinking and memory</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Better social behavior</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Better ability to perform daily tasks</li></ul>One study found that ginkgo biloba extract, known as EGb 761, was clinically effective in the treatment of Alzheimer's dementia. &nbsp;<a href="https://www.thieme-connect.de/products/ejournals/abstract/10.1055/s-2007-979544" target="_blank" data-ref="Thieme E-Journals - Pharmacopsychiatry / Abstract" rel="noopener">[ref. 1]</a>&nbsp;

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Another study published in JAMA similarly concluded that EGb 761 is safe to use and effective in stabilizing and possibly improving the cognitive and social functioning of dementia patients over a period of 6 and 12 months. 3

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Another study, published in January 2017 in the Journal of Ethnopharmacology, analyzed 12 systematic reviews and concluded that ginkgo has potentially beneficial effects for people with dementia when taken for at least five months. Another systematic review of nine studies found that ginkgo was associated with a delayed decline in cognition, function, and behavior in people with dementia. 4

Heart-disease-and-ginkgo

Heart disease and ginkgo 

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In traditional Chinese medicine, ginkgo seeds have been used to open "channels" of energy to various organ systems, including the kidneys, liver, brain, and lungs. Ginkgo's clear ability to increase blood flow to different parts of the body may be the source of its purported benefits for the heart.

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Some research suggests that ginkgo can have a positive impact on the symptoms of cardiovascular disease. A study published in December 2017 in the journal Stroke and Vascular Neurology looked at 348 people in China with onset of acute ischemic stroke. About half of the participants adhered to a treatment plan with daily ginkgo and aspirin, while those in the other group received only aspirin. After six months, the researchers found that the group taking aspirin in combination with ginkgo did better, and had reduced cognitive and neurological impairment without increasing the incidence of vascular events. 5

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Another study found that taking ginkgo was associated with improved blood circulation in people with coronary artery disease. 6

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Ginkgo for depression and anxiety 

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Little research suggests that ginkgo may play a role in the treatment of psychiatric disorders, including depression and anxiety. A study published in September 2018 in the journal Medicine concluded that ginkgo, as an adjunct treatment to a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor, may help improve depressive symptoms and cognitive function. 7

Anticancer-effects-of-biflavonoids-in-Ginkgo-Biloba

Anticancer effects of biflavonoids in Ginkgo Biloba 

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Previous studies have shown that both G. biloba leaf extract and exocarp extract (GBEE) possess inhibitory effects on various cancer cells. Some monomeric compounds have also been reported to have antiproliferative activity on a variety of cancer cells, including ginkkolic acid, ginkgolide B and several bioflavonoids.

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A newly discovered biflavonoid — amentoflavone 7′′-O-β-d-glucopyranoside — and four known biflavonoids were isolated and identified from male ginkgo flowers by a team of scientists in 2019. Bilobethin and isoginketin are the flavonoids that show better antiproliferative activity on different lines of cancer. 8

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In another study, ginkgo biloba extract inhibited metastasis and ERK/nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) signaling pathway in gastric cancer. 9

Other-potential-benefits-of-ginkgo-with-less-evidence

Other potential benefits of ginkgo with less evidence 

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<ul><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">May support vision and eye health Very few studies have examined how ginkgo is related to vision and eye health. However, the early results are promising. There have been studies in people with glaucoma and age-related macular degeneration, in which after taking ginkgo there is an improvement in vision. More human studies are needed.</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Can relieve headaches and migraines - In traditional Chinese medicine, ginkgo is a very popular remedy for headaches and migraines. There is very little research on ginkgo's ability to treat headaches. However, depending on the underlying cause of the headache, ginkgo can help.</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">May improve symptoms of asthma and COPD Some research suggests that ginkgo can improve symptoms of asthma and other inflammatory respiratory diseases such as COPD. This is due to the anti-inflammatory compounds in ginkgo, which can allow a decrease in airway inflammation and an increase in lung capacity.</li></ul>

Are-there-any-contraindications-to-the-use-of-ginkgo?

Are there any contraindications to the use of ginkgo? 

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Ginkgo biloba supplements are generally considered safe when taken in moderation. Side effects of ginkgo can include headache, upset stomach, dizziness, allergic skin reactions. Ginkgo seeds should not be consumed as they can be poisonous.&nbsp;

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Ginkgo biloba is not recommended for children, pregnant or breastfeeding women, people at increased risk of bleeding, people with diabetes, and people prone to seizures.

Ginkgo biloba contains high levels of flavonoids and terpenoids, compounds known for their strong antioxidant effects. Some research suggests that ginkgo supplements may help with dementia and cognitive impairment, heart disease, depression, anxiety, and sexual dysfunction, although more research is needed.&nbsp;

Ginkgo Biloba - Benefits, Intake and Possible Side Effects

Бетина Цветкова

Why-vision-is-extremely-important

Why vision is extremely important 

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Our eyes receive light from the world around us and send visual information to the brain. The eyes can see at about 200 degrees in all directions, including in front of you and on the side (peripheral vision). Parts of your eyes work together to allow you to see images, movement, and depth.&nbsp;

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Did you also know that our eyes are adapted to see about 7 million shades of color? About 80% of the information from our surroundings that reaches the brain comes from them. The visual cortex is located at the back of the brain and is the main part that receives, integrates and processes visual information that the retina of the eye transmits.

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Many conditions can affect eye work, including common vision problems such as myopia (myopia), astigmatism, and eye injuries. Several diseases and disorders that are not necessarily related to the eyes can cause problems with them, including autoimmune diseases, <a href="https://www.hindawi.com/journals/joph/2015/734527/" target="_blank" data-ref="Pathogenesis of Common Ocular Diseases" rel="noopener">diabetes, and high blood pressure.</a>&nbsp;[ref. 1]&nbsp;

Components-of-the-human-eye

Components of the human eye 

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The different components of our eyes are:

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<ol><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Iris - the colored area of the eye. Depending on the color of your eyes, the iris can be in any shade of blue, green, hazelnut or brown.</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Cornea - a transparent layer that extends over the iris. Water and collagen make up the cornea. And the tears protect the cornea and keep it well lubricated.</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Pupil - the black circle that is in the middle of your iris. It expands and shrinks to control how much light enters the eye.</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Sclera - the white parts of the eye that surround the iris.</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Conjunctiva - a clean, thin fabric that covers the sclera and outlines the inside of the eyelids.</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">A lens that sits behind the pupil. It focuses the light that enters your eye and sends light to the back of the eye.</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Retina - a set of cells that cover the inner part of the back of the eye. Part of your nervous system, the retina senses light and converts it into electrical impulses or neural signals. The retina has sticks (cells that help you see in low light) and cones (cells that recognize color).</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Macula - a small area that is part of the retina. It is responsible for central vision and helps you see fine details and color.</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">An optic nerve that's behind the retina. It carries signals from the retina to the brain, which then interprets this visual information to tell you what you see.</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Muscles controling the position and movement of your eye, how much light enters the eye, and the ability of the eyes to focus.</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Vitreous body - a transparent gel that fills your entire eye. Protects and maintains the shape of the eye.</li></ol>

Health-conditions-affecting-the-function-of-the-eyes

Health conditions affecting the function of the eyes

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There are hundreds of conditions, disorders, diseases, and injuries that affect the eyes. This is another reason to act preventively against them, and not to seek solutions only when they are present.

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Conditions that affect the eyes include:

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<ul><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Age changes in vision: Your eyes change with age. In some cases, cataracts, macular degeneration, or detached retina may occur. Presbyopia (loss of close focal vision) usually begins to affect people around the age of 45.</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Cancer: Tumors can be the result of intraocular&nbsp;melanoma and retinoblastoma.</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Diseases: Many types of eye diseases can affect the eyes, including congenital (available at birth) cataracts, glaucoma and optic atrophy.&nbsp;</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Infection and irritation: conjunctivitis, blepharitis, barley, and dry eyes cause redness, swelling, and discomfort. Eye tearing can be obtained when the eye does not drain tears properly or the eyes are irritated or dry.</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Hereditary diseases: pigment retinitis is an inherited condition that can lead to blindness.</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Injuries: Corneal abrasion&nbsp;and detached retina can be the result of an eye injury. Accidents can cause bleeding from the eyes and irritation. Foreign objects can also damage the eye.</li></ul>

Symptoms-of-eye-diseases---how-to-recognize-signs

Symptoms of eye diseases - how to recognize signs

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There are various signals that indicate eye problems, for example:

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<ul><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Eye pain, redness, swelling, bleeding, or secretion.</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Eyes that cross or point in different directions.</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Eyes that are itching or very dry.</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Flashes of light, especially in peripheral vision.</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Headaches and squint.</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Inability to move the eyes or open or close the eyelid.</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Lots of spots or one dark spot in the middle of the field of vision.</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Sensitivity to light or vision problems in low light.</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Changes in vision, including cloudy or blurred vision</li></ul>

Living-and-working-in-front-of-a-computer-screen---what-are-the-risks

Living and working in front of a computer screen - what are the risks

Living-and-working-in-front-of-a-computer-screen---what-are-the-risks_4_0

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Most people know that the sun can hurt our eyes, but they are not aware of any other problematic bright lights emitted by computer screens. In short, these screens are much less harmful than the sun. This is because screens are not as bright as the sun, and newer screens usually do not produce UV rays - the most harmful kind of light the sun emits. Instead, the most important light that screens produce is high-energy blue light with a short wavelength.

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In the short term, blue light is mostly associated with potentially causing eye strain. &nbsp;<a href="http://www.ijo.cn/gjyken/ch/reader/view_abstract.aspx?file_no=20181220&amp;flag=1" target="_blank" data-ref="Research progress about the effect and prevention of blue light on eyes" rel="noopener">[ref. 2]</a>&nbsp; According to the American Optometric Association, this is not usually a serious problem and can mostly be solved by usually shifting your gaze from the screen, as well as more time out in the wild.

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In the short term, it is known that staring at screens for a long time causes computer vision syndrome. This condition can be irritating and even detrimental to a person's work and daily activities. Potentially cause:

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<ul><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Severe headache.</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Eye strain.</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Blurred vision.</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Dry eyes.</li></ul>This syndrome is not actually caused only by exposure to blue light; it is caused by a combination of factors. The first factor is the duration of exposure, i.e. exposure to a screen. At least seven hours in front of the screen, we can talk about prolonged exposure. The problem is compounded by the fact that many people, unfortunately, have a habit of maintaining a bad posture while staring at the work screen.

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There is something to be done to avoid this problem with vision during prolonged operation of a computer:

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<ul><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">There are many tables and articles online with instructions on how to properly sit in front of your computer. Posture and proper distance from your PC can really help reduce eye strain. Although you may not notice an immediate difference, you will feel the effect of good posture and ergonomics over time. Important are the distances of the chair from the floor, on the desk, the corners under which your legs and elbows will sit, do you have lumbar support, and others.</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Try to choose lights for your workspace or home properly so that the level of light in the room is approximately equal to how much light your screen will produce. Contrasting levels of light, such as being in a dark room while looking at a bright screen, can load the eyes faster.</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Practice the rule 20-20-20. This simple rule can help with eye strain. All you have to do is take a break every 20 minutes to stare at an object about 20 meters away for at least 20 seconds. This helps to give your eyes a break by focusing on a bright screen that's near you.</li></ul>

When-working-from-home

When working from home 

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After the global coronavirus pandemic, a huge number of people switched to a home or hybrid model of work. This implies even more time in front of the computer screen for appointments and tasks. Therefore, we recommend:

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<ul><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Frequent screen breaks throughout the day.</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Walk around the room or building every 20 minutes.</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Mute notifications from mobile devices to spend less time staring at them.</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Use of moisturizing eye drops or artificial tears.</li></ul>Some studies have suggested that in the long run, blue light from screens can also damage retinal cells, leading to problems such as age-related macular degeneration. The extent of this problem is not fully understood, but prevention is the best solution, and may include a complex of measures. We'il describe them next.

Eye-health-with-the-right-foods-and-exercises

Eye health with the right foods and exercises 

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Being proactive about eye health will pay off over time. Therefore, the most important steps are:

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<ul><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Regular consumption of vegetables &ndash; leafy dark greens are the most suitable.&nbsp;</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Protect the eyes &ndash; at work, sports, going outside &ndash; with the right glasses will protect the eyes. If you are swimming, you can also put on glasses. When walking, ordinary dioptric sunglasses are suitable. When riding a bike, there is a specific type of glasses.</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Wear sunglasses &ndash; UVA and UVB rays are just as harmful to the eyes as they are to the skin.&nbsp;</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Observe good hygiene &ndash; wash your hands before touching your eyes. Whether you are putting on contact lenses, trying to remove an eyelash, or just having a slight irritation, it is important to wash your hands thoroughly before making physical eye contact.</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Maintain a healthy body &ndash; Your eyes are part of your body, so it makes sense that they are affected by other unhealthy habits. Proper nutrition, maintaining healthy body weight and regular physical activity help your eyes stay in good condition. Nutrients such as lutein and zeaxanthin, vitamin C, vitamin E and zinc, and vitamins A and E are among the most important to your eyes.</li></ul>

Eyes are a window into the world that we must protect properly. This actually means providing important nutrients, remedies for different conditions, regular ophthalmic examinations, and eye sun protection all year round. This topic will be increasingly relevant against the background of the thousands of hours we spend in front of computers or mobile screens. It is also important not to forget to give rest to the eyes and to be informed about various eye diseases.

Keep Your Eyes Healthy With The Right Foods and Exercises

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Alzheimer's-disease---what-is-it

Alzheimer's disease - what is it

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Alzheimer's disease is the most common cause of dementia, a common term for memory loss and other cognitive abilities serious enough to interfere with daily life. Alzheimer's disease accounts for 60-80% of cases of dementia. This condition is not a normal part of ageing, but the most serious risk factor for its development is precisely age. Also, Alzheimer's disease is a progressive disease in which the symptoms of dementia gradually worsen over several years.

What-the-research-team-finds

What the research team finds

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&nbsp;<a href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamaophthalmology/article-abstract/2788716" target="_blank" data-ref="Associations Between Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer and Ganglion Cell Layer and Cognition" rel="noopener">[ref. 1]</a>&nbsp; "Given that we have not been able to treat advanced Alzheimer's disease and that the global spread of the disease is increasing, the ability to identify people at the preclinical stage, when we still have a chance to intervene, is really important," says health researcher Ashley Barrett-Young of the University of Ougho, New Zealand. [ref.1]

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People with Alzheimer's disease often live with visual impairments that can contribute to mental confusion, disorientation and social isolation - all symptoms that, along with memory loss, disrupt the daily lives of millions of people living with the disease.

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This study is not the first time scientists have suggested that the eyes could be a window into the brain. More than a decade ago, researchers discovered amyloid-beta proteins, the hallmark of Alzheimer's disease, in the retinas of people with this disease. Subsequent studies of eye images revealed that Alzheimer's patients also had thinner retinas. Another study from 2018 also reported strong links between Alzheimer's disease and three common eye conditions, including glaucoma and macular degeneration.

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In the new study, researchers analyzed data from Dunedin's long-running study, which tracked the lives of more than 1,000 babies born in the early 1970s at a New Zealand hospital. Five decades later, Barrett-Young and colleagues selected for their analysis a subset of 865 adults who&nbsp; had eye examinations at age 45, along with a set of neuropsychological tests in adulthood and early childhood, as part of the Dunedin experiment.

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The thickness of two different parts of the retina (layers of nerve fibers of the retina and layers of ganglion cells) were measured in the examinations. The analysis showed that study participants with thinner layers of the retina achieved lower scores in cognitive performance tests, both as adults and when they were children.

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However, no associations were found between retinal thinning and an overall decline in cognitive function (between childhood and middle age), which may indicate that something is changing in the brain. While thinner layers of nerve fibers of the retina at age 45 are associated with a decrease in the rate of brain processing since childhood, this may just be a sign of general aging and not necessarily associated with Alzheimer's disease.

Further research is needed to validate these claims. However, the team behind the study believes the findings could pave the way for a simple eye test to help predict a person's risk of conditions such as Alzheimer's disease, the most common form of dementia. Although such observed associations are interesting to the scientific community, the risk factors for Alzheimer's disease are many and varied, so for now all the links between Alzheimer's disease and eye health are still under intensive investigation.

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