Hedera, commonly called ivy (plural ivies), is a genus of 12–15 species of evergreen climbing or ground-creeping woody plants in the family Araliaceae, native to western, central and southern Europe, Macaronesia, northwestern Africa and across central-southern Asia east to Japan and Taiwan.

On level ground they remain creeping, not exceeding 5–20 cm height, but on suitable surfaces for climbing, including trees, natural rock outcrops or man-made structures such as quarry rock faces or built masonry ...

hedera

What-is-Тhyme-(Thymus)

What is Тhyme (Thymus)

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Thymus [&nbsp; &nbsp;<a href="https://www.herbal-organic.com/bg/herb/14334" target="_blank" data-ref="Thymus" rel="noopener">ref. 1] is</a> an herb whose small leaves grow in groups of thin stems. It is used to season any dishes, alone or as part of a mixture or bouquet of spices such as rosemary, sage and majorana. Suitable for any diet and very rarely considered an allergen, thyme can be consumed by anyone who wants to cook with fresh herbs and enjoy a fragrant dish. Thymus Vulgaris &nbsp;<a href="https://www.herbal-organic.com/bg/herb/14543" target="_blank" data-ref="Thymus vulgaris" rel="noopener">[ref. 2]</a>&nbsp; and lemon (citrus) thyme &nbsp;<a href="https://www.herbal-organic.com/bg/herb/21315" target="_blank" data-ref="Thymus citriodorus" rel="noopener">[ref. 3]</a>&nbsp;are the varieties most commonly used in culinary.

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Health-benefits-provided-by-thyme

Health benefits provided by thyme 

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Thanks to its distinctive taste, thyme remains a major spice in the culinary to this day. But thyme can also boast a host of useful healing properties, which we will consider in the next row.

Thyme-for-acne

Thyme for acne 

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If you are tired of buying and trying medicines, creams, lotions and other acne products, thyme can help you. It is known for its antibacterial properties and can be used as an ingredient to combat acne.

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When thyme is soaked in alcohol for days or weeks, it turns into a solution known as tincture. A small study has found that thyme essential oil has antibacterial activity against P. acnes, the bacteria believed to cause acne. &nbsp;<a href="https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/15/5/3200" target="_blank" data-ref="Activities of Ten Essential Oils towards Propionibacterium acnes and PC-3, A-549 and MCF-7 Cancer Cells" rel="noopener">[Ref. 4]</a>&nbsp;

Thyme-for-high-blood-pressure

Thyme for high blood pressure 

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Thymus linearis Benth. is a type of thyme found in Pakistan and Afghanistan. A 2014 study found that the extract was able to significantly reduce heart rate in rats with high blood pressure. He also managed to lower their cholesterol levels. &nbsp;<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25272894/" target="_blank" data-ref="Pharmacological evaluation of antihypertensive effect of aerial parts of Thymus linearis benth - PubMed" rel="noopener">[ref. 5]</a>&nbsp; However, it is necessary to do human studies to confirm these effects.&nbsp;

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Thyme-for-fighting-cough

Thyme for fighting cough

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Thyme essential oil, which is obtained from its leaves, is often used as a natural remedy for coughing. In an earlier study from 2006, a combination of thyme leaves and ivy helped relieve coughing and other symptoms of acute bronchitis.&nbsp;<a href="https://www.thieme-connect.de/products/ejournals/abstract/10.1055/s-0031-1296767" target="_blank" data-ref="Thieme E-Journals - Arzneimittelforschung / Abstract" rel="noopener">[ref. 6]</a>&nbsp;

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A more recent animal study from 2018 found a combination of thyme and primrose extracts to reduce inflammation and the formation of micus. &nbsp;<a href="https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1094553918300609" target="_blank" data-ref="Redirecting" rel="noopener">[Ref. 7]</a>&nbsp;

Thyme-for-strong-immunity

Thyme for strong immunity 

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Thyme is full of beneficial nutrients, so it can contribute to some extent to ensuring the optimal daily amounts of:

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<ul><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Vitamin A</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Vitamin C</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Copper</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Fiber</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Iron</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Manganese</li></ul>

Thyme is rich in plant phenols such as thymol and carvacol, which have a powerful antispasmodic effect. In addition, it contributes to counteracting acne, cough and high blood pressure. It suits dishes with potatoes, meat and can be combined with spices such as oregano, rosemary and others. Expect the sequel with the other impressive benefits of this aromatic spice.

12 Health Benefits of Thyme - Part 1

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Бетина Цветкова

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Author: Rositsa Tashkova, Master of Molecular Biology and Microbiology

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In these troubled pandemic times, many people resort to self-treatment with home remedies and herbs. This is not recommended by doctors, but it is a fact and it is important to understand what the benefits and risks are.

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Unfortunately, there are no clinical trials yet on the effectiveness of herbs in the treatment of COVID-19. Therefore, we decided to provide our readers with information about medicinal plants that are reported in the scientific literature that may support symptomatic treatment of influenza and other respiratory infections. We will also identify the potential dangers of using certain medicinal plants in the case of COVID-19.

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According to an overview published in the end of September 2020 in Frontiers in Pharmacology [<a href="https://www.bioseek.eu/en/eng/research/pubmed/covid_19_is_there_evidence_for_the_use_of_herbal_medicines_as_adjuvant_symptomatic_therapy_33071794" target="_blank" rel="noopener">ref.1</a>], the risk assessment was positive for the use of 5of the studied herbs (Althaea officinalis, Commiphora molmol, Glycyrrhiza glabra, Hedera helix and Sambucus nigra) and promising in 12 cases (Allium sativum, Andrographis paniculata, Echinacea angustifolia, Echinacea purpurea, essential oil from&nbsp;Eucalyptus globulus, Justicia pectoralis, Magnolia officinalis, Mikania glomerata, Pelargonium sidoides, Pimpinella anisum, Salix sp, Zingiber officinale).

Marshmallow-(Althaea-officinalis)

Marshmallow (Althaea officinalis)

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Marshmallow herb can suppress cough and reduce irritation through anti-inflammatory and soothing effects on the respiratory tract.

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Traditionally the herb is used in the treatment of colds and symptoms associated with upper respiratory tract infection. Data on the administration of marshmallow lead to the conclusion that it can alleviate the early symptoms of COVID-19.

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No serious side effects have been reported from taking this herbal remedy, it has high safety profile.

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How it is prepared: 0.5–5 g in 150 ml of water as an infusion, three times a day. Marshmallow root syrup is also a common preparation in a daily dose of 2-8 ml.

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What it contains: polysaccharides (they are responsible for the mucus consistency of the extract) - galacturonormanans, arabins, glucans; flavonoids (e.g. kaempferol); phenolic acids; coumarin (scopoletin); tannins.

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Special requirements for use: the absorption of other medicines taken simultaneously with marshmallow may be delayed due to the presence of mucilage in the herb extract. As a precautionary measure, all preparations with marshmallow should be taken at least 30 minutes to 1 hour before or after taking other medicines, minerals or vitamins.

Myrrh-(Commiphora-molmol)

Myrrh (Commiphora molmol)

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It is synonymous with Commiphora myrrha, African myrrh, herabol myrrh, Somali myrrhor, common myrrh, or gum myrrh. Myrrh preparations appear to have a supportive effect as a painkiller and to relieve respiratory symptoms. However, their effect appears after a few weeks, thus exceeding the normal, uncomplicated development of COVID-19. It contains sesquiterpenes.

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No serious safety concerns have been reported for this herb and it can be assessed as highly safe.

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How it is prepared: it is preferable to use a commercial preparation of a certain composition, such as tincture (0.5–5 ml in 150 ml of water for rinsing or gargling three times a day).

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Special requirements for use: due to the uterine-stimulating effect, products containing myrrh resin should be avoided during pregnancy and lactation. Simultaneous use of myrrh with theophylline (dimethylxanthine, which is used in the treatment of asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease) or cyclosporin A (immunosuppressive drug) should be avoided.

Licorice-(Glycyrrhiza-glabra)

Licorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra)

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Liquorice can be useful for relieving respiratory symptoms, having a soothing&nbsp; effect on the respiratory tract - against cough and sore throat.

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The safety of the herb can be assessed as high, although it should be avoided by some risk groups. Patients suffering from hypertension (high blood pressure), kidney disease, liver or cardiovascular disorders or hypokalaemia (low levels of potassium in the blood) should avoid taking licorice. Short-term use seems safe for patients without serious illnesses.

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How it is prepared: 1.5 g roots in 150 ml, take the herbal decoction twice a day.

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What it contains: saponins (glycyrrhizin); triterpenes (glycyrrhetinic acid); flavonoids; coumarins; essential oil.

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Common-ivy-(Hedera-helix)

Common ivy (Hedera helix)

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Preparations containing ivy extract can be useful for symptomatic relief of respiratory diseases by its expectorant and anti-inflammatory effect on the respiratory tract.

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In many countries, licensed preparations are regulated for use in children. Safety of medicines containing ivy can be assessed as high, since side effects have only been observed with overdose - nausea, vomiting and diarrhea. There is no evidence of interactions with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (ibuprofen, aspirin, etc.)

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How to use: a pharmaceutical preparation with a certain chemical profile and an adequate dose should be used. Common ivy is poisonous!

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What it contains: flavonoids and other phenols; polyacetylenes; saponins and essential oils (β-caryophyllene, germacrene D, lemon, α- and β-pinene and sabinene as main components).

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Elderberry-(Sambucus-nigra)

Elderberry (Sambucus nigra)

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Black elderberry is also known as elder, black elder, European elder, European elderberry, and European black elderberry. The dried flowers of the plant can alleviate conditions such as fever and inflammation of the respiratory tract, to relieve the symptoms of cold and flu, to relieve headaches and as an expectorant. Elderberry has anti-inflammatory and antipyretic (lowers fever) effects.

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Clinical evidence is good and it is considered that this herbal remedy has a high level of safety.

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How to use: 2–5 g of dried flowers in 150 ml as an infusion, 2-3 times a day. Or 3–6 g of dried flowers in 150 ml as a decoction, 2-3 times a day.

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What it contains: flavonoids such as kaempferol, astragalin, quercetin, rutin; triterpenes (α- and β-amyrin, ursolic acid, oleanolic acid); sterols (β-sitosterol, campesterol, stigmasterol); phenolic acids and their corresponding glycosides (chlorogenic, ferulic, caffeic and p-coumaric acids); and essential oil.

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Other-medicinal-plants-and-herbs-that-may-serve-as-complementary-treatment-for-COVID-19

Other medicinal plants and herbs that may serve as complementary treatment for COVID-19

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The authors of the review also identified 12 more herbs that provide encouraging results on safety and effectiveness as complementary treatment for infectious respiratory diseases, in particular COVID-19. They are:

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<ul>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Garlic (Allium sativum) - 2-4 g of fresh garlic cloves per day, but avoid garlic when taking blood-thinning drugs - it can cause bleeding.</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Green chiretta (Andrographis paniculata) - may be beneficial for mild symptoms. </li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1"> Echinacea (Echinacea angustifolia and Echinacea purpurea) - the benefit of echinacea in the treatment of colds has been confirmed, but theoretically it can affect the immune response in an unusual way in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, but there is no evidence to support this; another theoretical risk is the damage to the liver in the seriously ill, who need to be anesthetised. [<a href="https://www.hindawi.com/journals/ecam/2020/2560645/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">ref.2</a>]</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Eucalyptus&nbsp;(Eucalyptus globulus) essential oil - can relieve cough, but should not be used in young children under the age of 2.5 years.</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Magnolia (Magnolia officinalis bark) - used in traditional Chinese and Japanese medicine to treat asthma, allergic diseases, as well as relieve headaches, muscle pain and fever, but its active ingredient (magnolol) can enhance the entry of the SARS-CoV-2 virus into the cell.</li>
</ul>

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<ul>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">African geranium or South African geranium (Pelargonium sidoides) - can alleviate symptoms at the beginning of respiratory disease, but it is good to stop taking it if the disease worsens due to immunomodulatory properties of the herb, which can cause an unexpected effect.</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Anise (Pimpinella anisum) - may provide some relief to the initial symptoms of COVID-19, especially in asthma sufferers.</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Willow (Salix sp.) - it has an anti-inflammatory and antipyretic effect, but it is not advisable to use with aspirin and other blood-thinning drugs, since it has the same properties and there is a risk of bleeding.</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Ginger (Zingiber officinale) - it has an anti-inflammatory effect, but in high doses it may affect blood clotting, it&nbsp;is contraindicated for sufferers of gallstones, stomach irritation and high blood pressure.</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Freshcut, chambá or carpintero (Justicia pectoralis) - this herb has an anti-inflammatory effect, but it is contraindicated to use with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and blood-thinning drugs, since it contains coumarin.</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Guaco (Mikania glomerata) - may relieve cough and help with asthma, but also contains coumarin and is contraindicated to use with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and blood-thinning drugs.</li>
</ul>

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Herbs to avoid when taking aspirin, nurofen and paracetamol

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Herbs are not a "magic wand" for solving problems caused by influenza, COVID-19 or any other coronavirus. They cannot prevent viral infection, but they can alleviate symptoms and potentially improve the general condition of patients, especially when the severity of the disease is little. Complicated flu or coronavirus infection requires medical treatment and specialized help.

hedera

5 herbs to relieve mild COVID-19 symptoms and how to prepare them