A hernia is the abnormal exit of tissue or an organ, such as the bowel, through the wall of the cavity in which it normally resides. Hernias come in a number of types. Most commonly they involve the abdomen, specifically the groin. Groin hernias are most commonly of the inguinal type but may also be femoral. Other hernias include hiatus, incisional, and umbilical hernias. Symptoms are present in about 66% of people with groin hernias. This may include pain or discomfort, especially with coughing, ...

hernia

Heartburn-and-Its-Symptoms

Heartburn and Its Symptoms

Heartburn-and-Its-Symptoms_0_0

Heartburn is a common condition that affects many people. It is caused by stomach acid flowing back up into the esophagus, which can cause a burning sensation in the chest. Other symptoms of heartburn include:

Heartburn-and-Its-Symptoms_0_1

<ul><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Regurgitation of food or stomach acid</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Bitter or sour taste in the mouth</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Difficulty swallowing</li></ul>While heartburn can be uncomfortable, it is usually not a cause for concern. However, if you experience chest pain or discomfort that lasts for more than a few minutes or is accompanied by other symptoms, you should seek medical attention.

Heartburn-and-Its-Symptoms_0_2

Other-Potential-Causes-of-Chest-Pain/Discomfort

Other Potential Causes of Chest Pain/Discomfort


Other-Potential-Causes-of-Chest-Pain/Discomfort_1_0

Heart Attack: A heart attack occurs when the blood supply to the heart is blocked, which can cause chest pain or discomfort. Other symptoms of a heart attack include:

Other-Potential-Causes-of-Chest-Pain/Discomfort_1_1

<ul><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Shortness of breath</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Nausea or vomiting</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Dizziness or lightheadedness</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Pain or discomfort in other parts of the body, such as the arms, back, neck, jaw, or stomach</li></ul>If you suspect you may be having a heart attack, call 911 or go to the emergency room immediately.

Angina

Angina_1_0

Angina is a type of chest pain that occurs when the heart is not getting enough blood flow. It is often described as a pressure or tightness in the chest, and it may also cause:

Angina_1_1

<ul><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Shortness of breath</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Nausea or vomiting</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Dizziness or lightheadedness</li></ul>

Pulmonary-embolism

Pulmonary embolism

Pulmonary-embolism_1_0

A pulmonary embolism occurs when a blood clot forms in the lungs. Symptoms of a pulmonary embolism include:

Pulmonary-embolism_1_1

<ul><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Chest pain or discomfort</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Shortness of breath</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Rapid heartbeat</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Coughing up blood</li></ul>

Aortic-dissection

Aortic dissection

Aortic-dissection_1_0

An aortic dissection occurs when the inner layer of the aorta tears, which can cause chest pain or discomfort. Other symptoms of an aortic dissection include:

Aortic-dissection_1_1

<ul><li>Severe back or abdominal pain</li><li>Difficulty speaking or loss of consciousness</li></ul>&nbsp;

Aortic-dissection_1_2

Gastroesophageal-reflux-disease-(GERD)

Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)

Gastroesophageal-reflux-disease-(GERD)_1_0

GERD is a chronic digestive condition that occurs when stomach acid flows back into the esophagus. Symptoms of GERD include:

Gastroesophageal-reflux-disease-(GERD)_1_1

<ul><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Heartburn</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Regurgitation of food or stomach acid</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Bitter or sour taste in the mouth</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Difficulty swallowing</li></ul>

Hiatal-hernia

Hiatal hernia

Hiatal-hernia_1_0

A hiatal hernia occurs when part of the stomach pushes up through the diaphragm and into the chest. Symptoms of a hiatal hernia may include:

Hiatal-hernia_1_1

<ul><li>Heartburn</li><li>Chest pain or discomfort</li><li>Difficulty swallowing</li></ul>&nbsp;

Costochondrite

Costochondrite_1_0

Costochondritis is an inflammation of the cartilage that connects the ribs to the breastbone. It can cause chest pain or discomfort that may be mistaken for a heart attack. Other symptoms of costochondritis include:

Costochondrite_1_1

<ul><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Tenderness or swelling around the affected area</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Pain when taking deep breaths or coughing</li></ul>

How-to-Recognize-the-Symptoms

How to Recognize the Symptoms

How-to-Recognize-the-Symptoms_2_0

It's important to seek medical attention if you experience chest pain or discomfort, especially if the symptoms are severe or accompanied by other symptoms. If you're not sure whether your symptoms are related to heartburn or another condition, here are some questions to ask yourself:

How-to-Recognize-the-Symptoms_2_1

<ul><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">How long have you been experiencing chest pain or discomfort?</li></ul><ul><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Is the pain or discomfort constant or does it come and go?</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Does the pain or discomfort radiate to other parts of your body?</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Are you experiencing any other symptoms, such as shortness of breath, nausea, or dizziness?</li></ul>If you are experiencing chest pain or discomfort and are unsure of the cause, it's better to err on the side of caution and seek medical attention.

How-to-Recognize-the-Symptoms_2_2

Herbal-and-Natural-Remedies

Herbal and Natural Remedies

Herbal-and-Natural-Remedies_3_0

While natural remedies can be helpful in managing heartburn and other digestive issues, it's important to note that they are not a substitute for medical treatment. If you are experiencing chest pain or discomfort, you should seek medical attention before trying any natural remedies. Here are some natural remedies that can be helpful in managing heartburn and other digestive issues:

Ginger

Ginger_3_0

Ginger has natural anti-inflammatory properties and can help to reduce inflammation in the digestive tract. You can consume ginger as a tea or add it to your meals.

Aloe-vera-juice

Aloe vera juice

Aloe-vera-juice_3_0

Aloe vera juice can help to soothe inflammation in the digestive tract and may help to reduce heartburn symptoms

Apple-cider-vinegar

Apple cider vinegar

Apple-cider-vinegar_3_0

Apple cider vinegar can help to balance the pH of the stomach and may help to reduce heartburn symptoms. You can dilute apple cider vinegar in water and consume it before meals.

Slippery-elm

Slippery elm

Slippery-elm_3_0

Slippery elm can help to coat and soothe the digestive tract, which can help to reduce heartburn symptoms. You can consume slippery elm as a tea or take it in capsule form.

Medications-that-can-cause-chest-pain

Medications that can cause chest pain

Medications-that-can-cause-chest-pain_4_0

<ul><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Nitroglycerin (active compound: glyceryl trinitrate): Used to treat chest pain (angina), but can sometimes cause a rebound effect and worsen symptoms.</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Beta-blockers (active compounds: atenolol, metoprolol, propranolol): Used to treat high blood pressure and heart conditions, but can sometimes cause chest pain, particularly if the dosage is too high or if the medication is suddenly stopped.</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Calcium channel blockers (active compounds: verapamil, diltiazem): Used to treat high blood pressure and heart conditions, but can sometimes cause chest pain.</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Statins (active compounds: atorvastatin, simvastatin, rosuvastatin): Used to lower cholesterol levels, but can sometimes cause chest pain or discomfort.</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Fibrates (active compounds: fenofibrate, gemfibrozil): Used to lower triglyceride levels, but can sometimes cause chest pain or discomfort.</li></ul>

Allergies-that-can-cause-chest-pain

Allergies that can cause chest pain

Allergies-that-can-cause-chest-pain_4_0

<ul><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Food allergies: Certain foods, such as nuts, shellfish, and dairy products, can trigger an allergic reaction that may lead to chest pain or discomfort.</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Drug allergies: Some people may have an allergic reaction to medications, which can cause chest pain as a symptom.</li></ul>

Photo by Jonathan Niederhoffer on Unsplash

Allergies-that-can-cause-chest-pain_4_1

Foods-that-can-cause-chest-pain

Foods that can cause chest pain

Foods-that-can-cause-chest-pain_4_0

<ul><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Spicy foods: Spices such as chili peppers and black pepper can irritate the esophagus and cause chest pain or discomfort.</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Acidic foods: Citrus fruits, tomatoes, and vinegar can also irritate the esophagus and cause chest pain or discomfort.</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Carbonated beverages: The bubbles in carbonated drinks can cause gas to build up in the stomach, which can lead to chest pain or discomfort.</li></ul>It is important to note that chest pain can be a symptom of a serious medical condition, such as a heart attack or pulmonary embolism. If you experience chest pain or discomfort, seek medical attention immediately.

Chest pain or discomfort can be a scary symptom, but it's important to remember that many conditions and diseases that cause chest pain are treatable if caught early. If you are experiencing chest pain or discomfort, seek medical attention immediately. Natural remedies can be helpful in managing heartburn and other digestive issues, but they are not a substitute for medical treatment.

Chest Pain or Discomfort: When It's More Than Just Heartburn

https://sanatio.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/cb624d46-32e8-4ee8-a937-c4d52f959b81_middle.jpg

Екипът на Санацио

_-1_0

Author: Yana Nencheva, Biochemist, PhD candidate in Biophysics

_-1_1

_-1_2

A study in the United States from January 2019 reported that about 1 in 20 people suffer from hemorrhoids. It turns out that this problem manifests itself with advancing age (mostly after 30) and after the age of 50 the frequency reaches 50% [ref. 1].

_-1_3

In another 2017 study in Spain, gender dependence can be clearly seen; namely, that women suffer from this discomfort more often than men. On the diagram in blue are the stronger sex, and in black - the fairer sex, and the numbers are in the thousands. Note that even in the age range 25-34 years, women are about 2.5 times more [ref. 2].

_-1_4

_-1_5

The conclusion of the statistics is that you are not alone. Tension during bowel movements and subsequent hemorrhoids with rectal bleeding are the most common symptoms, and it is quite normal to ask yourself - are they dangerous, whether and when to call a doctor. In this article, we will first consider what hemorrhoids are, and then are they dangerous and when to turn to a specialist.

What-are-hemorrhoids-and-what-causes-them

What are hemorrhoids and what causes them

What-are-hemorrhoids-and-what-causes-them_0_0

There are two types of understanding regarding hemorrhoids. The "old school" is of the opinion that they are generally a consequence of weakness of the venous wall, and in recent years the theory is that they are a weakness of the arterial.

What-are-hemorrhoids-and-what-causes-them_0_1

Before we go any further, it is important to clarify what the veins and arteries are. Apparently, these are parts of the circulatory system, along with the heart and capillaries. But their structure has several significant differences:

What-are-hemorrhoids-and-what-causes-them_0_2

<ul>
<li style="font-weight: 400;"> For this, in their walls, they have a thick layer of smoothmusculature, which, shrinking and expanding, moves the blood through the capillaries to the veins. </li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Veins do not need such thick musculature in their walls, with them it is much thinner. Let's imagine them as wide tubes on which the blood should simply be moving in one direction. This structure makes them very susceptible to pressure and, accordingly, deformation.</li>
</ul>

What-are-hemorrhoids-and-what-causes-them_0_3

What-are-hemorrhoids-and-what-causes-them_0_4

<a href="https://www.nejm.org/na101/home/literatum/publisher/mms/journals/content/nejm/2014/nejm_2014.371.issue-10/nejmcp1204188/20141002/images/img_medium/nejmcp1204188_f3.jpeg" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Image source: nejm.org</a>

What-are-hemorrhoids-and-what-causes-them_0_5

Let's go back to hemorrhoids. Around the canal (before the anus), besides the sphincters, there are venous braids, which some call even cushions, since they help tightly close the canal [ref. 3]. On the scheme they are invented in blue. As it became clear, the veins have a very thin layer of smooth musculature. This means that they basically rely on the inner musculature to maintain its correct shape and location.

What-are-hemorrhoids-and-what-causes-them_0_6

What is Crohn's disease and how it is diagnosed

What-are-hemorrhoids-and-what-causes-them_0_7

There are several classic factors that affect the deformation of venous walls:

What-are-hemorrhoids-and-what-causes-them_0_8

<ul>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Pregnancy exerts pure mechanical tension on the venous vessels in the small pelvis, this is one of the reasons why the percentage of women with this problem is higher,</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Working all over the desk interferes with normal blood circulation,</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Over the years, the inner musculature, which helps maintain the shape of the veins, weakens,</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Over the years, the elasticity of blood vessels in general is also lost, not only on the veins,</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">There are people with congenital weakness on the wall of blood vessels, and they often suffer from varicose veins, hernias and others.</li>
</ul>

What-are-hemorrhoids-and-what-causes-them_0_9

If the veins in the duct can not ensure the smooth passage of blood along it, then it quite logically changes its shape: it is no longer the classic tube that we imagined earlier, but begins to bulge grape. In these swollen areas, the wall is thinner, more susceptible to injuries, and when we have constipation, the pressure and tension in the canal rises and injures this venous wall. It is temporarily "cracked" to reduce the tension to which it is subjected and faces the most common hemorrhoidal symptom - rectal bleeding.

What-are-hemorrhoids-and-what-causes-them_0_10

Sometimes blood comes out of thrusts, and since the arteries are the vessels with the thick layer of smooth musculature, the contraction and expansion of which can cause the ejection, then this is the basis of the theory that hemorrhoids are a consequence of arterial problems.

What-are-hemorrhoids-and-what-causes-them_0_11

<h4>As varieties in general, hemorrhoids are divided into three types:</h4>

What-are-hemorrhoids-and-what-causes-them_0_12

<ul>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Internal</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">External</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Mixed</li>
</ul>

What-are-hemorrhoids-and-what-causes-them_0_13

Internal ones remain in the canal, and the outer ones are usually closer to the anus, so they actually go outside from it and sag. Some even define them only as internal because of their origin, which is objectively internal. Mixed are in the presence of both species.

What-are-hemorrhoids-and-what-causes-them_0_14

What-are-hemorrhoids-and-what-causes-them_0_15

<a href="/p/losho_khranosmilanie_dispiepsiia_prichini_simptomi_i_liechieniie_295123d1_141a_4a34_b5b4_38236707b61c" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">Indigestion (dyspepsia) - causes, symptoms and treatment</a>

What-are-hemorrhoids-and-what-causes-them_0_16

<a href="/p/7_bilki_koito_obliekchavat_loshoto_khranosmilanie_i_dispiepsiiata_60bc6c30_0949_4ed7_933c_460f9104d318" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">7 herbs that relieve indigestion and dyspepsia</a>

What-are-hemorrhoids-and-what-causes-them_0_17

<h1>Are hemorrhoids dangerous and when to call a doctor</h1>

What-are-hemorrhoids-and-what-causes-them_0_18

What-are-hemorrhoids-and-what-causes-them_0_19

First it can be on the face itching, tension and pain in the area of the coccyx, and then it can switch to bleeding. The organism has this "weak spot" because it can afford it. Very quickly after the blood leaks begins to form a fortifying network of connective tissue, which makes the place more rigid, firmer. Hardness in this case does not necessarily mean strength. If an object is firmer, this is usually accompanied by a loss of elasticity and "fragility". However, this network in this case strengthens the place and the problem resolves itself. That's how the so-called "no-fly zone" is shaping up. which describes the hemorrhoid. For this, and people with chronic hemorrhoids know that when there is bleeding, then the hemorrhoidal crisis goes to a lute.

What-are-hemorrhoids-and-what-causes-them_0_20

Hemorrhoids are not dangerous in almost all cases. If bleeding is unusual and prolonged, then there is a danger of complication such as. Anemia. But what does "unusual" and "prolonged" mean?

What-are-hemorrhoids-and-what-causes-them_0_21

Usually, the blood from hemorrhoids is clear, red, punctated, it can be seen on the stool in this color, on toilet paper when wiping, and then on the underwear or bandage. Normally, the blood comes out of the push and leaks, and within 5 minutes it should stop.

What-are-hemorrhoids-and-what-causes-them_0_22

If the bleeding is clots, it is not punctual, but in a larger amount, there is an ominous smell and impurities with mucus, does not stop more than 5 minutes from flowing, with the 5 minutes counted from the corresponding bleeding, then we should consult a doctor.

What-are-hemorrhoids-and-what-causes-them_0_23

Doctors advise - if you call them urgently, have visual material (napkin, stool, underwear, bandage) to show the consistency that bothered you [ref. 4].

What-are-hemorrhoids-and-what-causes-them_0_24

What-are-hemorrhoids-and-what-causes-them_0_25

<a href="/p/kak_da_razpoznaiem_iazvata_na_stomakha_prichini_simptomi_i_liechieniie_aca42d14_75a4_49dc_900a_1ec74f04c479" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">How to recognize the ulcer of the stomach - causes, symptoms and treatment</a>

What-are-hemorrhoids-and-what-causes-them_0_26

<a href="/p/zashcho_chrievniiat_mikrobiom_ie_tolkova_vazhien_za_nas_i_nashieto_biebie_f1c8c877_5195_4564_831e_1e2eef76df59" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">The intestinal microbiome is extremely important to us and our baby</a>

What-are-hemorrhoids-and-what-causes-them_0_27

<a href="/p/gastrit_simptomi_i_liechieniie_6738966e_97ec_4c3d_96e6_168c9f91571c" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">Gastritis - symptoms and treatment</a>

What-are-hemorrhoids-and-what-causes-them_0_28

What are hemorrhoids and when to call the doctor

https://d20hztklr4qnvi.cloudfront.net/7660e107-aa88-4255-ace2-d845d7a4bae2_middle.jpg

 What are hemorrhoids and when to call the doctor

Yana Nencheva

Author: Sylvia Marinova, PhD student in the Genomic Stability Laboratory at BAS

Back pain, and in particular lower back pain, are attributed to the most common complaints of modern man. Largely due to the nature of work and daily life, leading to "sedentaryness", irregular posture and insufficient movement.

This in turn causes the appearance of functional changes of the musculoskeletal system, and hence complaints described as pain, discomfort, stiffness or heaviness.

In this article, we will focus on the lower back area, its anatomy and the most common causes of pain, as well as treatment options.

What-you-might-not-know-about-the-lower-back

What you might not know about the lower back

What-you-might-not-know-about-the-lower-back_0_0

Here is a brief anatomical reference to the spine device and in particular its cruciate area. Do not miss this part, even if it seems boring, because it will help you better understand the origin of back pain.

What-you-might-not-know-about-the-lower-back_0_1

Together, <a href="https://www.bioseek.eu/en/eng/research/pubmed/Treatment_of_chronic_low_back_pain_new_approaches_on_the_horizon_28546769" target="_blank" rel="noopener"></a> the vertebrae form the spine [ref.1], forming a protective duct in which the spinal cord is located. Thespine absorbs much of the weight of the human body and provides us with a standing, which is also supported by the musculature around.

What-you-might-not-know-about-the-lower-back_0_2

They form the lower back, starting from the last thoracic vertebrae and reaching the last part of the spine- sacrum. They increase their size progressively, allowing them to absorb most of the weight of the body.

What-you-might-not-know-about-the-lower-back_0_3

What-you-might-not-know-about-the-lower-back_0_4

Between the vertebrae are the so-called " intervertebrae discs. They act as shock absorbers in the spine and take away the vibration and tension that is created when moving, protecting the vertebrae in this way.

What-you-might-not-know-about-the-lower-back_0_5

Each disc is made up of a rigid outer fibrous ringthat surrounds a soft gelatin-like core consisting of85% water, type 2 collagen and small connective tissue cells.

What-you-might-not-know-about-the-lower-back_0_6

The vertebrae are connected by joints and ligaments that allow the movement of the spine in different planes. There are also small and large muscles that support the entire structure. Their even development is extremely important for proper posture, as well as for reducing tension onthe spine itself. If the muscles do not function sufficiently, then the risks of trauma and pain increase.

What-you-might-not-know-about-the-lower-back_0_7

It remains to mention the nerve fibers that come out of the spine through small openings in the lumbar vertebrae. Where they are fed out ofthem, we call them nerve roots . Lumbarnerves are 5 pairs and inert the lower part of the human body, responsible for the sensory and movements of its parts. If the nerve roots are affected for one reason or another, it is possible that the pain will spread along their entire length and even lose sensitivity.

What-causes-lower-back-pain

What causes lower back pain

What-causes-lower-back-pain_1_0

The identification of <a href="https://www.bioseek.eu/en/eng/research/pubmed/Assessment_of_spinal_pain_26096091" target="_blank" rel="noopener"></a> the origin of back pain and precise diagnosis are of utmost importance for the appointment of the correct therapy. In general, pain is considered nonspecific [ref.2] in the majority of cases as the root cause remains unclear.

What-causes-lower-back-pain_1_1

What-causes-lower-back-pain_1_2

Some common causes of back pain can be:

What-causes-lower-back-pain_1_3

<ul>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Disc hernia - in this condition, the nucleus of the intervertebrae disc shifts, tearing the fibrous ring. Due to the structural changes that occur in the intervertebrae discs described above. The pain in this case comes both from mechanical irritation of the nerve roots and from inflammation that is caused. In some patients, acute pain passes within a week or two, but in others it remains for a long time. Other risk factors for a herniated disc are heavy physicallabor, overweight, weight lifting.</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Muscle spasms and stretching - muscle spasms can be caused by trauma due to physical activity, injury or concomitant disease (e.g. fibromyalgia).</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Spinal distortions - congenital distortions or those due to improper posture are very often the cause of backache.</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Some diseases - for example, osteoarthritis, spinal stenosis, etc. Some of them can be particularly serious. Therefore, it is important to consult a doctor if we suffer from back pain for a long time and do not know what they are due to.</li>
</ul>

What-causes-lower-back-pain_1_4

Pain is defined as acute ,when its duration is not more than 6 weeks, and chronic , whenit does not pass at least 3 months.

What-causes-lower-back-pain_1_5

You will learn more from <a href="https://www.spine-health.com/video/video-understanding-different-types-back-pain" target="_blank" rel="noopener">this video</a>.

Role-of-the-muscles

Role of the muscles

Role-of-the-muscles_2_0

There are large and complex muscle groups, the role of which is to keep the spine in an upright position, take away from the tension on it and allow it different movements such as twisting and bending in different directions.

hernia

What are hemorrhoids and when to call the doctor

Lower back pain, the role of muscles and treatment