Lactose intolerance is a decreased ability to digest lactose, a sugar found in dairy products. Those affected vary in the amount of lactose they can tolerate before symptoms develop. Symptoms may include abdominal pain, bloating, diarrhea, gas, and nausea. These symptoms typically start thirty minutes to two hours after eating or drinking milk-based food. Their severity typically depends on the amount a person eats or drinks. Lactose intolerance does not cause damage to the gastrointestinal tract.Lactose ...

lactose intolerance

What-is-the-thyroid-gland

What is the thyroid gland

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It may be small in size, but the butterfly-shaped gland, which is located in the neck area, has indispensable health functions. Your thyroid gland is responsible for producing thyroid hormone (TH), which regulates, among other things, the body's temperature, metabolism, and heart rate.&nbsp;

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Things can start to go wrong when the thyroid gland is with hyper or hypofunction due to various factors. If it is with decreased function - hypofunction, when it produces too little TH; Alternatively, if it has an increased function - hyperfunction, then it produces too much of this hormone. In addition, other hormones, such as LH, FSH, as well as antibody levels, also serve as a comprehensive factors of the actual condition.

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But what makes your thyroid gland out of balance? The factors may be genetic, autoimmune processes may take place in the body. Impaired thyroid function can also occur during pregnancy, stress, nutritional deficiencies or accumulation of toxins in the environment. And while the hypofunction tends to attract more attention among scientists, there's also the opposite situation where we're talking about an overactive thyroid. It should also be taken into account, since the effects of an overactive thyroid gland are related to weight, overall hormonal background, reproductive abilities, ability to concentrate, memory and others.

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Hyperfunction and hypofunction - two sides of an impaired thyroid function

10-signs-of-hyperthyroidism

10 signs of hyperthyroidism 

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As mentioned, hyperthyroidism is an overactive thyroid. When this happens, the body produces an excess of thyroid hormones, such as triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4). T4 is produced specifically when the pituitary gland secretes thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH). Here are the signs that your thyroid is working at an elevated speed and producing abnormally high levels of thyroid hormones: &nbsp;<a href="https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0140673616002786" target="_blank" data-ref="Redirecting" rel="noopener">[Ref. 1]</a>&nbsp;

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Nervousness and anxiety&nbsp; - When the thyroid gland works excessively, hormones tell the body to work even harder. This leads to several symptoms that can make you feel nervous and anxious. But before that, these hormones lead to mood swings and racing thoughts.&nbsp;

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Fast heart rate (plus palpitations) - As one of the physical symptoms of high hormone levels, your heart rate may increase. An increase in heart rate can also lead to palpitations. So, if you feel that the heart is undergoing any unusual changes, be sure to seek medical attention.&nbsp;

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Increased sweating - Because thyroid hormones tell your body to become more active, naturally it will try to cool itself by sweating, even in less active situations when you're not physically active.&nbsp;

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Weight loss - Although this effect is usually sought with other methods, hyperfunction is possible, but with adverse consequences. The abundance of thyroid hormones will speed up your metabolism and appetite. Although you may notice unexplained weight loss, it can lead to dramatic and unwanted changes related to the type of skin, hair, nails, joints and muscles.

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Change in peristalsis - Changes in hormone levels can even affect your digestive system. More frequent bowel movements may indicate other conditions, such as Crohn's disease or problems with gluten absorption or lactose intolerance.&nbsp;

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Goiter - Goiter occurs when the thyroid gland begins to enlarge due to the overproduction of hormones. Normally, the thyroid gland needs adequate levels of iodine, which we should get from the diet. However, if you do not have enough iodine, your body will try to compensate for what is missing, and the thyroid gland will enlarge. If you develop a goiter, you should take iodine supplements after consulting a specialist to suggest other personalized medical solutions.

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You should also keep in mind that Hashimoto's thyroiditis often causes goiter. It is an autoimmune disease that affects millions of people around the world, mainly women. Specifically, this disease causes inflammation and damage to the thyroid gland. As a result of Hashimoto's, the body tries to compensate by triggering thyroid growth and a host of different symptoms affecting joints, skin, hair, and other aspects. &nbsp;<a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fendo.2018.00737/full" target="_blank" data-ref="The Pathology of Hyperthyroidism" rel="noopener">[ref. 2]</a>&nbsp;

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Hair loss and brittle nails - Hair and nails grow continuously. This is because a critical thyroid function is sending hormonal signals to trigger hair and nail growth. With hyperthyroidism, additional hormones tell your body to increase the growth of hair follicles and nails in a shorter time.

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Although it seems that rapid nail growth would be a positive side effect of thyroid dysfunction, this is not the case. This forced growth is happening too quickly. As a result, your body needs to use its natural resources, which can lead to thinner and brittle hair and nails.

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Sensitive skin or discoloration - Thyroid hormones also affect the health of your skin in different ways. For example, with hyperthyroidism, you may have itchy dry spots on the skin. Your face may feel softer and swollen. You may even notice swelling around your fingertips. Other symptoms include darkening of the skin, rashes and reddish spots.

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Disturbed sleep or insomnia - It is quite possible that you suffer from disturbed sleep in case of excessive levels of thyroid hormones. They make your body more active than usual. For example, hormonal changes can make the nervous system hyperactive. In addition, you may experience nervousness and anxiety due to thyroid problems that also affect sleep.

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Changes in the menstrual cycle - Since hyperthyroidism determines accelerated metabolism, the menstrual cycle may become shorter or begin at different times.&nbsp;

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10 signs of hypothyroidism 

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Fatigue&nbsp; - First, when you develop hypothyroidism, your body produces fewer thyroid hormones, making it difficult to recover from everyday stress. As a result, you will start to feel tired more often. You may become slower and slower, you may have difficulty concentrating as mental fatigue or brain fog occurs. <a href="https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12325-019-01080-8?error=cookies_not_supported&amp;code=56c36d9c-f416-4176-b335-115f0af3d09f" target="_blank" data-ref="Hypothyroidism in Context: Where We&rsquo;ve Been and Where We&rsquo;re Going - Advances in Therapy" rel="noopener">[ref.</a>&nbsp;3]&nbsp;

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Sensitivity to cold Hormones secreted by your thyroid gland also regulate body temperature. With fewer hormones, your body has difficulty warming up because your metabolism is slower.

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Constipation - While hyperthyroidism speeds up the digestive process, hypothyroidism slows it down. As a result of these delayed processes, constipation often occurs.&nbsp;

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Dry and itchy skin - Just as overproduction of thyroid hormones leads to skin problems, a lack of these hormones also affects skin health. Skin tends to become dry, itchy and scaly, it may even wrinkle or become pale. These symptoms can also be caused by other skin diseases.

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Weight gain - Thyroid problems lead to a significant slowdown in metabolism. As a result, your body begins to burn less energy and therefore stores more fat. You may find it difficult to exercise because of the fatigue that comes with hypothyroidism.

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Muscle weakness - Without the stimulation of thyroid hormones, your muscles begin to lose their strength. They can even atrophy or become permanently relaxed.

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Muscle aches and cramps - Likewise, your muscles can become painful and low in function. In addition, with a slower metabolism, your body uses catabolism to generate energy. Catabolism is a process that breaks down muscles and other tissues, resulting in weakness, soreness, and possibly pain.

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Joint pain and edema - Catabolism also affects the joints, contributing to fatigue, pain, and even inflammation. In rheumatoid arthritis, for example, we are talking about an autoimmune disease in which the body's immune system mistakenly attacks the joints and causes inflammation and pain. <a href="https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0140673617307031" target="_blank" data-ref="Redirecting" rel="noopener">[ref.</a>&nbsp;4]&nbsp;

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Abundant or irregular menstrual cycle - Unlike hyperthyroidism, hypothyroidism causes the menstrual cycle to become slower and heavier. Cycles can also become less frequent.

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Depression and brain fog - Among other things, with hyperfunction of SHJ, the nervous system slows down because the body can not use energy as efficiently. In combination with the feeling of fatigue, you can feel sluggish, experience mood swings and depression.

Think you may have a thyroid disorder and have any (or several) of the listed symptoms? Ask your doctor to check thyroid hormone levels, especially if you have a family history of Graves' disease, Hashimoto's autoimmune thyroiditis, or another endocrine disorder. These symptoms may be related to other conditions, but if it is found that the cause is impaired thyroid function, measures can be taken in terms of diet, physical activity, filling nutritional deficiencies and taking medications to normalize the condition.

Symptoms of Hyperfunction and Hypofunction - Impaired Thyroid Function

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Бетина Цветкова

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Going-too-much:-Possible-Diseases-and-Conditions

Going too much: Possible Diseases and Conditions

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If you're experiencing diarrhea or frequent bowel movements, you may have one of the following conditions:

Irritable-Bowel-Syndrome-(IBS)

1. Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS)

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A chronic condition that affects the large intestine and causes symptoms like cramping, bloating, and diarrhea.

Inflammatory-Bowel-Disease-(IBD)

2. Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD)

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A group of chronic diseases that cause inflammation in the digestive tract, including Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis.

Colorectal-Cancer

3. Colorectal Cancer

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&nbsp;A type of cancer that starts in the colon or rectum and can cause changes in bowel habits, blood in the stool, and abdominal pain.

DDiverticulitis

4. DDiverticulitis

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An inflammation or infection of small pouches that form in the colon wall, which can cause pain, fever, and diarrhea.

Going-too-little:-Possible-Diseases-and-Conditions

Going too little: Possible Diseases and Conditions

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If you're experiencing constipation or difficulty passing stool, you may have one of the following conditions:

Constipation

1. Constipation

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&nbsp;A condition in which you have difficulty passing stool, which can cause abdominal pain, bloating, and discomfort.

Bowel-obstruction

2. Bowel obstruction

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A blockage in the intestine that prevents stool from passing through, which can cause severe pain, nausea, and vomiting.

Rectal-Cancer

4. Rectal Cancer

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A type of cancer that starts in the rectum and can cause changes in bowel habits, blood in the stool, and abdominal pain.

Pelvic-floor-dysfunction

5. Pelvic floor dysfunction

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A condition in which the muscles in the pelvic floor do not work properly, which can cause difficulty passing stool or urine, as well as pain or discomfort in the pelvic area.

Symptoms-to-Watch-Out-For

Symptoms to Watch Out For

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Regardless of whether you're going too much or too little, there are some symptoms that you should watch out for, as they may be a sign of a more serious health problem. These include:

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<ul><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Blood in stool</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Persistent abdominal pain</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Changes in stool consistency or appearance</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Frequent urination or painful urination</li></ul>If you're experiencing any of these symptoms, it's important to seek medical attention right away.

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Herbal-and-Natural-Remedies

Herbal and Natural Remedies

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If you're looking for natural ways to alleviate symptoms, here are some remedies to try:

Increase-water-and-fiber-intake

Increase water and fiber intake

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&nbsp;Drinking plenty of water and eating high-fiber foods like fruits, vegetables, and whole grains can help soften stool and make it easier to pass.

Probiotics

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&nbsp;Eating foods that are rich in probiotics, such as yogurt, sauerkraut, and kefir, can help restore the balance of good bacteria in your gut and alleviate symptoms of IBS and other digestive disorders.

Aloe-vera-juice

Aloe vera juice

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Drinking aloe vera juice can help soothe inflammation in the digestive tract and alleviate symptoms of IBS and other digestive disorders.

Peppermint-oil

Peppermint oil

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Taking magnesium supplements can help soften stool and make it easier to pass, which can alleviate symptoms of constipation.

Magnesium-supplementation

Magnesium supplementation

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While these remedies may provide some relief, it's important to remember that they should not be used as a substitute for medical treatment. Always consult with a healthcare professional before trying any new remedies, especially if you're taking medication or have a pre-existing health condition.&nbsp;

Medications,-allergies,-and-foods-that-can-cause-changes-in-bowel-movements-and-urination

Medications, allergies, and foods that can cause changes in bowel movements and urination 

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<ul><li> Laxatives (e.g., bisacodyl, senna, magnesium hydroxide): Increase bowel movements</li><li> Antidiarrheals (e.g., loperamide, bismuth subsalicylate): Decrease bowel movements</li><li> Diuretics (e.g., furosemide, hydrochlorothiazide): Increase urination</li><li> Anticholinergics (e.g., oxybutynin, tolterodine): Decrease urination, slow bowel movements</li><li> Opioids (e.g., morphine, oxycodone): Slow bowel movements, decrease urination</li><li> Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (e.g., ibuprofen, naproxen): Can cause GI irritation, potentially leading to diarrhea or constipation</li><li> Antibiotics (e.g., amoxicillin, ciprofloxacin): Can disrupt gut bacteria, leading to diarrhea or constipation</li><li> Metformin: Can cause diarrhea as a side effect</li></ul>Allergies:

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<ul><li> Food allergies (e.g., milk, eggs, peanuts, tree nuts, soy, wheat, fish, shellfish): Can cause gastrointestinal symptoms, including diarrhea or constipation</li><li> Pollen-food allergy syndrome: Some fruits, vegetables, and nuts can cause GI symptoms if a person has a pollen allergy</li></ul>Foods:

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<ul><li> High-fiber foods (e.g., fruits, vegetables, whole grains, legumes): Increase bowel movements</li><li> Low-fiber foods (e.g., processed foods, white bread, white rice): Slow bowel movements</li><li> Dairy products: Can cause constipation or diarrhea, especially in those with lactose intolerance</li><li> Spicy foods: Can cause diarrhea</li><li> Caffeine (e.g., coffee, tea, chocolate): Increases urination and can have a mild laxative effect</li><li> Alcohol: Increases urination and can cause diarrhea</li><li> Artificial sweeteners (e.g., sorbitol, xylitol): Can cause diarrhea, especially when consumed in large quantities</li></ul>&nbsp;

In conclusion, changes in bowel or bladder habits should not be ignored. If you're experiencing symptoms like diarrhea, constipation, pain, or blood in the stool, it's important to seek medical attention right away. By catching these conditions early, you can increase your chances of successful treatment and recovery. And if you're looking for natural ways to alleviate symptoms, be sure to talk to your doctor about incorporating herbal and natural remedies into your treatment plan.

Changes in bowel or bladder habits: "Going Too Much or Too Little? Here's Why You Should Take Notice"

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Changes in bowel or bladder habits: "Going Too Much or Too Little? Her

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Severe-and-life-threatening-conditions

Severe and life-threatening conditions

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Appendicitis: This condition occurs when the appendix, a small organ attached to the colon, becomes inflamed and infected. Symptoms of appendicitis include abdominal pain, fever and vomiting. If left untreated, appendicitis can lead to rupture of the appendix, which can be life-threatening.

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Gallstones: Gallstones are hardened deposits that form in the gallbladder. They can cause severe abdominal pain, especially after consuming fatty food. If the gallstone blocks the bile duct, it can lead to inflammation and infection, which can be life-threatening.

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Pancreatitis: This condition occurs when the pancreas becomes inflamed. Symptoms of pancreatitis include severe abdominal pain, nausea and vomiting. If left untreated, pancreatitis can cause complications such as organ failure, infection, and shock.

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Bowel obstruction: Bowel obstruction can be caused by scarring, a tumor, or a foreign object. Symptoms of bowel obstruction include severe abdominal pain, constipation and vomiting. If left untreated, bowel obstruction can lead to organ damage and life-threatening complications.

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Ulcerative colitis: This is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease that causes inflammation and ulcers in the digestive tract. Symptoms include abdominal pain, diarrhea and rectal bleeding. If left untreated, ulcerative colitis can lead to complications such as colon cancer and bowel perforation.

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Diverticulitis: Diverticulitis is an inflammation or infection of small sacs that form in the lining of the digestive system. Symptoms include severe pain in the abdomen, fever and vomiting. If left untreated, diverticulitis can lead to complications such as abscesses, perforation, and sepsis.

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Stomach cancer: Although rare, stomach cancer can cause abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting. If left untreated, stomach cancer can spread to other parts of the body and become life-threatening.

Common-causes-of-abdominal-pain

Common causes of abdominal pain

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Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD): GERD occurs when stomach acid flows back into the esophagus, causing heartburn and abdominal pain.

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Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS): IBS is a common digestive disorder that can cause abdominal pain, bloating, and changes in bowel movement.

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Food intolerance: Some foods can cause digestive discomfort and abdominal pain in people who are intolerant or allergic to them.

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Menstrual cramps: Many women experience abdominal pain during their menstrual cycle.

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Constipation: Constipation can cause abdominal pain and discomfort due to the accumulation of feces in the intestines.

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Urinary tract infections (UTIs): Urinary tract infections can cause abdominal pain as well as pain or burning during urination.

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Herbal-and-natural-remedies

Herbal and natural remedies

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There are several natural remedies that can help relieve pain and discomfort in the abdomen. Here are a few options:

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Ginger: Ginger: Ginger has anti-inflammatory properties and can help soothe digestive discomfort. You can try drinking ginger tea or taking ginger supplements.

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Mint: Mint can help relax the muscles of the digestive tract, which can relieve abdominal pain and bloating. You can try drinking peppermint tea or taking peppermint oil supplements.

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Chamomile: Chamomile is a natural anti-inflammatory that can help soothe abdominal pain and promote relaxation. You can try drinking chamomile tea or taking chamomile supplements.

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Dill: Dill seeds contain compounds that can help relieve digestive discomfort and reduce inflammation. You can try drinking fennel tea or taking fennel supplements.

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Licorice root: Licorice root has anti-inflammatory properties and can help relieve digestive discomfort. You can try drinking licorice root tea or taking licorice root supplements.

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Aloe vera juice: Aloe vera juice can help soothe digestive discomfort and reduce inflammation. It is important to choose high-quality, pure aloe vera juice without added sugars or other ingredients.

Abdominal pain can be scary, but it's important to remember that many of the causes of abdominal pain can be treated successfully. If you experience persistent or severe abdominal pain, do not hesitate to seek medical attention. By taking care of the health of your digestive system through a healthy diet, lifestyle, and natural remedies, you can relieve abdominal pain and promote your overall well-being. Remember to always listen to your gut when they're trying to tell you something.

lactose intolerance

Changes in bowel or bladder habits: "Going Too Much or Too Little? Here's Why You Should Take Notice"

Pain or discomfort in the abdomen: "Stomach pain: when the intestines try to tell you something"

Shortness of Breath: "Breathless? Don't Ignore This Warning Sign"

The most important thing about yogurt: composition, benefits and types

Health benefits of fermented foods - the natural probiotics

Food allergies - 5 things you need to know