Liver cancer, also known as hepatic cancer and primary hepatic cancer, is cancer that starts in the liver. Cancer which has spread from elsewhere to the liver, known as liver metastasis, is more common than that which starts in the liver. Symptoms of liver cancer may include a lump or pain in the right side below the rib cage, swelling of the abdomen, yellowish skin, easy bruising, weight loss and weakness.The leading cause of liver cancer is cirrhosis due to hepatitis B, hepatitis C or alcohol. ...

liver neoplasms

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Recipes-for-hair-growth

Recipes for hair growth

1.-Feng-Fang-Jiao-Hair-Rinse

 1.  Feng Fang Jiao Hair Rinse

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<ul><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">2 cups of water</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">2 tablespoons of dried Feng Fang Jiao (Herba Artemisiae Scopariae)</li></ul>&nbsp;

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<ol><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Bring the water to a boil in a saucepan.</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Add the dried Feng Fang Jiao to the boiling water and let it simmer for 10 minutes.</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Strain the mixture and let it cool down to room temperature.</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Use the Feng Fang Jiao infusion as a hair rinse after shampooing. Massage it into your scalp, leave it on for 3-5 minutes, and then rinse with water.</li></ol>

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Feng-Fang-Jiao-Hair-Oil

2. Feng Fang Jiao Hair Oil

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<ul><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">1 cup of carrier oil (such as coconut, almond, or jojoba oil)</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">1/4 cup of dried Feng Fang Jiao (Herba Artemisiae Scopariae)</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">&nbsp;</li></ul>Instructions:

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<ol><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Combine the carrier oil and dried Feng Fang Jiao in a glass jar.</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Place the jar in a sunny spot and let it sit for two weeks. Shake the jar gently every day to mix the ingredients.</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">After two weeks, strain the oil into a clean container, discarding the herbs.</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Apply a small amount of Feng Fang Jiao oil to your scalp and massage it in. Leave it on for at least 30 minutes, or overnight for better results, before washing it out with shampoo.</li></ol>

Anticancer-Benefits

Anticancer Benefits

Anticancer-Benefits_1_0

In addition to promoting hair growth, Feng Fang Jiao (Herba Artemisiae Scopariae) has shown potential anticancer properties. Some studies suggest that it may help suppress the growth of cancer cells, particularly in liver cancer. However, more research is needed to fully understand and confirm these effects.

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Questions-and-Answers

Questions and Answers

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Q: Can I use fresh Feng Fang Jiao instead of dried?

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A: Yes, you can use fresh Feng Fang Jiao in the recipes mentioned above. However, you may need to adjust the amount of herb used since fresh herbs are generally less potent than dried herbs.

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Questions-and-Answers_2_3

Q: How often should I use the Feng Fang Jiao hair rinse and hair oil?

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A: For best results, use the Feng Fang Jiao hair rinse and hair oil 2-3 times a week.

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Q: Can I combine Feng Fang Jiao with other herbs for hair growth?

Questions-and-Answers_2_7

A: Yes, you can combine Feng Fang Jiao with other herbs known for promoting hair growth, such as rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis) and lavender (Lavandula angustifolia). Feel free to experiment with different combinations to find what works best for your hair type.

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Q: Can I use Feng Fang Jiao to treat hair loss caused by medical conditions or medications?

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A: While Feng Fang Jiao may help promote hair growth, it's important to consult with a healthcare professional if you're experiencing hair loss due to medical conditions or medications. They can provide guidance on the best course of action and whether incorporating Feng Fang Jiao into your hair care routine would be beneficial in your specific situation.

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Q: Are there any side effects or precautions when using Feng Fang Jiao?

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A: Feng Fang Jiao is generally considered safe when used topically for hair care purposes. However, as with any natural remedy, individual reactions may vary. If you notice any irritation or adverse effects, discontinue use and consult a healthcare professional. Additionally, if you are pregnant or nursing, consult with a healthcare professional before using Feng Fang Jiao or any other herbs.

Feng Fang Jiao (Herba Artemisiae Scopariae) is a powerful natural remedy for promoting hair growth. By incorporating it into your hair care routine through recipes like the hair rinse and hair oil, you can enjoy the benefits of this potent Chinese herb. It's essential to remember that, while some studies have suggested anticancer properties, more research is needed to validate these findings.

Feng Fang Jiao: Boost Hair Growth Naturally

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The-most-important-thing-about-cancer

The most important thing about cancer

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The-most-important-thing-about-cancer_0_1

Cancer is a complex genetic disorder that catalyzes the uncontrolled growth and spread of abnormal cells throughout the body, leading to life-threatening consequences. Aging, differences in lifestyle, genetic factors, hormonal changes and environmental exposure to carcinogens constitute major factors leading to cancer activation in humans. 1

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According to 2020 statistics, cancer is the leading cause of death worldwide, accounting for nearly 10 million deaths in 2020, or nearly one in six deaths. Globally, about 17 million people are diagnosed with cancer each year, and this trend is forecast to intensify dramatically in the near future. About 36 types of cancer have already been identified in humans, and a significant association between sex and type of cancer has been observed. Men are usually more prone to colorectal cancer, liver, lung, prostate and stomach cancers, while women suffer more from breast, cervical cancer, colorectal cancer, lung and thyroid cancer. 2&nbsp;

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In general, the development of cancer can be divided into three stages:

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<ul><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Initiation in which exposure to a carcinogen induces DNA damage and mutations at the cellular level due to damage/error in DNA repair mechanisms;&nbsp;</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Initiation in which cell expansion leads to hyper proliferation, modification and inflammation of cells/tissues;&nbsp;</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Progression in which tumor formation occurs from preneoplastic cells by clonal expansion. 3</li></ul>DNA damage causes genomic instability, which is a major cause of cancer 4. Although some of the conventional methods such as chemotherapy, radiation therapy and surgery are effective in treating cancer, they can lead to major side effects and toxicity.

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Given the lack of effective and safe approaches, as well as the complexity of cancers, the development of new and natural chemotherapeutic agents is strongly needed. In this respect, the pharmacological properties of certain essential oils may be available therapies to suppress cancer. 5

Essential-oils:-general-information-and-biological-effects

Essential oils: general information and biological effects

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The discovery of natural plant-based products is rightly recognized as a milestone in the history of healthcare, and their introduction to the market in combination with synthetic drugs helps to lead favorably in various health problems. As a result, the extraction of plant secondary metabolites, such as essential oils by steam or hydrodistillation processes, has made significant progress over the years. Stored in oil/resinous ducts, glands or trichomes of plants, these essential oils play an important role in protecting against extraneous agents and are involved in signal transduction pathways.&nbsp;

Essential-oils:-general-information-and-biological-effects_1_2

Essential oils are a complex mixture of various chemical compounds, mainly characterized by volatility, aroma, low molecular weight and density. The diverse biological properties of essential oils stem from differences in their chemical composition and structure. At present, three main classes of components in essential oils have been identified, namely terpenes and terpenoids (with major contributions), phenols and aliphatic compounds.&nbsp;&nbsp;

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The data from the study on which this article is based are focused on studies dealing only with in vitro (non-living test)/in vivo (live testing) anticancer activities of essential oils in general. The analysis in Scopus was carried out for the last 10 years (2011–2020) on September 14, 2021, so the information is up to date as of that date.

Essential-oils-are-cytotoxic-in-nature

Essential oils are cytotoxic in nature

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Essential oils cause programmed cell death of cancer cells through apoptosis, necrosis, cell cycle arrest, and dysfunction of major cellular organelles. This is coordinated by an increase in membrane fluidity of the affected cell, decreased generation of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), a change in the pH gradient and loss of mitochondrial potential, which are the main precursors of cell death. All three main types of chemical components in oils, i.e. phenols, aldehydes and alcohols, have been described to fulfil this function.

Essential-oils-such-as-antimutagenic-and-antiproliferative-agents

Essential oils such as antimutagenic and antiproliferative agents

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Antioxidants are defined as compounds that can inhibit/slow the oxidation of free radicals when used in small amounts. Antioxidant action is one of the key biological properties of essential oils to cope with oxidative stress. For example, under in vivo conditions, increasing the activity of various antioxidant enzymes and oxidized glutathione from the components of the oil of Wedelia chinensis (Osbeck) Merr.&nbsp; provides protection against lung cancer in mice. 6

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With regard to the antimutagenic activity of essential oils, cancer can be inhibited by preventing the direct penetration of mutagens into the cell membrane, inactivating mutagens by direct clearance, trapping free radicals produced by mutagens, inhibiting the conversion of promutagens to mutagens by cytochrome P450 enzyme, enzymatic detoxification of mutagens, and efficient error-free DNA repair.&nbsp;

Antiproliferative-activity-of-essential-oils

Antiproliferative activity of essential oils

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Essential oils can exert an antiproliferative effect through multiple mechanisms, including cell membrane disruption (depolarization, increase in membrane permeability, or decrease in the activity of membrane-bound enzymes) and induction of apoptosis. 7

Essential-oils-and-their-constituents-in-different-cancer-cell-lines

Essential oils and their constituents in different cancer cell lines 

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Over the past few years, the chemoprevention of cancer using essential oils or their components has attracted a lot of attention among the scientific community. Many in vitro/in vivo studies have highlighted the anticancer activity of oils and, more precisely, their main constituents in various tumour cell lines. Next, we will look at who they are and in which types of cancer they can have the necessary effect.

Essential-oils-for-breast-cancer

Essential oils for breast cancer

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<ul><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Silver fir (Abies alba Mill.)</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Abies koreana (Pinaceae)&nbsp;</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Boswellia sacra (Burseraceae)&nbsp;</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Casearia sylvestris Sw. (Salicaceae/Flacourtiaceae)&nbsp;</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Cyperus articulatus L. (Cyperaceae)</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Garcinia atroviridis Griff. (Clusiaceae)</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Garcinia celebica L. (Clusiaceae)</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Glandora rosmarinifolia (Boraginaceae)</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Helichrysum gymnocephalum (Asteraceae)</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Iryanthera polyneura (Myristicaceae)</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Liquidambar styraciflua L. (Altingiaceae)</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Myristica fragrans. (Myristicaceae)</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Pituranthos tortuosus Apiaceae)&nbsp;</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Solanum spirale Roxb.&nbsp;</li></ul>

Essential-oils-in-human-breast-cancer

Essential oils in human breast cancer

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<ul><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Cedrelopsis grevei (Rutaceae)&nbsp;</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Melaleuca armillaris(Myrtaceae)</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Monodora myristica (Annonaceae)</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Origanum onites L. (Lamiaceae)</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Satureja montana L. subsp. pisidica (Lamiaceae)</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Varthemia iphionoides (Asteraceae)</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Xylopia aethiopica (Annonaceae)</li></ul>

Essential-oils-in-human-glioblastoma

Essential oils in human glioblastoma

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<ul><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Ageratum conyzoides (L.) L. (Asteraceae)</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Drimys angustifolia (Winteraceae)</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Drimys brasiliensis (Winteraceae)</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Lippia multiflora (Verbenaceae)</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Liriodendron tulipifera L. (Magnoliaceae)</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Ocimum basilicum L. (Lamiaceae)</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Piper cernuum (Piperaceae)</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Scorodopholeus zenkeri (Fabaceae)</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Zingiber officinale (Zingiberaceae)</li></ul>

Essential-oils-in-human-colon-carcinoma

Essential oils in human colon carcinoma

Essential-oils-in-human-colon-carcinoma_5_0

<ul><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Afrostyrax lepidophyllus Mildbr. (Huaceae)</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Artemisia campestris L. (Asteraceae)&nbsp;</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Athanasia brownii Hochr. (Asteraceae)</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Liriodendron tulipifera L. (Magnoliaceae)</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Pistacia lentiscus L. (Anacardiaceae)</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Scorodopholeus zenkeri (Fabaceae)</li></ul>

Essential-oils-in-human-mammary-adenocarcinoma

Essential oils in human mammary adenocarcinoma

Essential-oils-in-human-mammary-adenocarcinoma_5_0

<ul><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Athanasia brownii (Asteraceae)</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Liriodendron tulipifera L. (Magnoliaceae)</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Nepeta ucranica L. spp. (Lamiaceae)</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Populus alba L. (Salicaceae)</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Rosmarinus officinalis L. (Lamiaceae)</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Scorodopholeus zenkeri (Fabaceae)</li></ul>

<ul><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Afrostyrax lepidophyllus. (Huaceae)&nbsp;</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Ageratum conyzoides (L.) L. (Asteraceae)</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Drimys angustifolia (Winteraceae)</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Lippia multiflora (Verbenaceae)</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Liriodendron tulipifera L. (Magnoliaceae)</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Ocimum basilicum L. (Lamiaceae)</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Piper cernuum (Piperaceae)</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Scorodopholeus zenkeri (Fabaceae)</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Zingiber officinale (Zingiberaceae)</li></ul>

Essential-oils-for-prostate-cancer

Essential oils for prostate cancer

Essential-oils-for-prostate-cancer_5_0

<ul><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Ageratum conyzoides (L.) (Asteraceae)</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Bursera glabrifolia (Burseraceae)&nbsp;</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Curcuma aromatica (Zingiberaceae)</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Cymbopogon citratus (Poaceae)</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Cymbopogon giganteus. (Poaceae)</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Iryanthera polyneura (Myristicaceae)</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Lavandula angustifolia (Lamiaceae)</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Lippia multiflora (Verbenaceae)</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Ocimum basilicum L. (Lamiaceae)</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Varthemia iphionoides (Asteraceae)</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Zingiber officinale (Zingiberaceae)</li></ul>

Essential-oils-for-colorectal-cancer

Essential oils for colorectal cancer

Essential-oils-for-colorectal-cancer_5_0

<ul><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Aquilaria crassna (Thymelaeaceae)</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Eucalyptus camaldulensis. (Myrtaceae)</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Thymus fallax (Lamiaceae)</li></ul>&nbsp;

Essential-oils-in-acute-lymphoblastic-leukemia

Essential oils in acute lymphoblastic leukemia

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<ul><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Juniperus excela (Cupressaceae)</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Juniperus oxycedrus L. (Cupressaceae)&nbsp;</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Pinus pinea L. (Pinaceae)&nbsp;</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Cedrus libani (Pinaceae)&nbsp;</li></ul>

Essential-oils-for-lung-cancer

Essential oils for lung cancer

Essential-oils-for-lung-cancer_5_0

<ul><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Artemisia indica (Asteraceae)</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Curcuma aromatica (Zingiberaceae)&nbsp;</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Eucalyptus globulus(Myrtaceae)</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Pluchea dioscoridis L. (Asteraceae)</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Populus alba L. (Salicaceae)</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Rosmarinus officinalis L. (Lamiaceae)</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Zingiber striolatum (Zingiberaceae)</li></ul>

Essential-oils-for-liver-cancer

Essential oils for liver cancer

Essential-oils-for-liver-cancer_5_0

<ul><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Pituranthos tortuosus (Apiaceae)</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Artemisia indica (Asteraceae)&nbsp;</li></ul>

Essential-oils-in-melanoma

Essential oils in melanoma

Essential-oils-in-melanoma_5_0

<ul><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Afrostyrax lepidophyllus (Huaceae)&nbsp;</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Athanasia brownii (Asteraceae)</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Casearia sylvestris&nbsp; (Salicaceae/Flacourtiaceae)</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Curcuma aromatica (Zingiberaceae)</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Guatteria friesiana (Annonaceae)</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Liriodendron tulipifera L. (Magnoliaceae)</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Myristica fragrans (Myristicaceae)</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Neolitsea variabillima (Lauraceae)</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Ocimum basilicum L. (Lamiaceae)</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Origanum onites L. (Lamiaceae)</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Salvia officinalis L. (Lamiaceae)</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Pituranthos tortuosus (Apiaceae)</li></ul>

Essential-oils-for-ovarian-adenocarcinoma

Essential oils for ovarian adenocarcinoma

Essential-oils-for-ovarian-adenocarcinoma_5_0

<ul><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Mentha villosa Huds. (Lamiaceae)&nbsp;</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Xylopia frutescens Aubl. (Annonaceae)&nbsp;</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Guatteria pogonopus Mart. (Annonaceae)</li></ul>

Anticancer-effect-of-the-main-ingredients-of-essential-oils

Anticancer effect of the main ingredients of essential oils

Anticancer-effect-of-the-main-ingredients-of-essential-oils_6_0

D-limonene, monoterpene in the fruit peels of citrus essential oils (90–95%) exhibits cytotoxicity against stomach cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma, colon cancer, bladder cancer, and melanoma. Similarly, carvacrol (phenolic monoterpenoid) can inhibit tumor growth in stomach cancer cells by increasing apoptotic proteins such as Bax (Bcl-2-linked X protein, apoptosis regulator) and caspases with concomitant reduction of Bcl-2 (B -cell lymphoma 2) expression. Citral showed antitumor effects in various cancer cell lines such as MDA-MB-231, Ishikawa, ECC-1, LNCaP, PC-3, SF-767, SF-763, LU134AM, LU135, LU165, MN1112, HCT116, HT-29, AGS, NB4, and A431.

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A combined formula of citral (80 μM) and curcumin (40 μM) also acts synergistically in suppressing the growth of breast cancer cell lines MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 by inducing apoptosis, DNA damage and cell cycle arrest in the G0/ G1 phase. In vitro/in vivo cytotoxic potential of citronellol has been reported against human non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), breast cancer, and prostate cancer. Citronellol induced cell cycle arrest in NCI-H1299 (NSCLC cell line) due to the increased expression of cyclins (cyclin D and E) and CDK2 (cyclin-dependent kinase 2). There was a decrease in tumour volume in mice treated with increasing doses of citronellol (12.5, 25 and 50 mg kg-1). An antiproliferative effect of geraniol (monoterpenoid) was observed in cells A549 (IC50 = 797.2 μM) and tumor growth was suppressed in mice (at 50 and 75 mmol geraniol kg-1 food) due to apoptosis and cell death.

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Globularifolin iridoid exhibits cytotoxicity against U87 glioma cells due to an increase in the number of apoptotic cells, cell cycle arrest, and inhibition of cancer cell migration and invasion.

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In vitro cytotoxicity of quinocitiol (tropolone monoterpenoid) was observed (at 10 μM) in mouse melanoma cells (B16-F10); However, under in vivo conditions, mice treated with 10–20 μg michi-1 quinokitiol showed a decrease in tumor nodules. Increased expression of p53 (tumor suppressor), Bax, caspases, cytochrome c, and MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinase) phosphatase-3 and downregulation of survivin (apoptosis inhibitor), MMPs, and phosphorylation of ERK has been reported to induce apoptosis in quinocitiol A549 and B16-F10-treated cells.&nbsp;

Anticancer-effect-of-the-main-ingredients-of-essential-oils_6_4

Similarly, treatment with linalool (monoterpene alcohol) reduces proliferation and cell viability in colorectal cancer, colon carcinoma, hepatocarcinoma, epidermoid carcinoma and prostate cancer. Diallyl disulfide (DADS), one of the main components of garlic essential oil, stops the division of human esophageal squamous cell cancer cells in the G2/M phase of the cell cycle. Myristicin, an active component of nutmeg oil (Myristica fragrans), exhibits cytotoxic activity by inducing apoptosis of K562 human leukemia cells.

Anticancer-effect-of-the-main-ingredients-of-essential-oils_6_5

Other constituents of essential oils, such as bacuiol (monoterpene), myrtenal (bicyclic monoterpene), oleuropein (secoiridoid), perylyl alcohol (menthane monoterpene), thymol (monocyclic phenolic monoterpene), α-bisabolol (monocyclic sesquiterpene alcohol), α-thujone (ketone monoterpene), camphene (bicyclic monoterpene), iatammanwaltrate P (iridoid ester), eugenol (phenylpropanoid), germakren D (sesquiterpene), nymbolide (terpenoid lactone), patchouli alcohol (sesquiterpene alcohol), α-Santalol (sesquiterpene), carveol (monocyclic monoterpenoid alcohol), carvone (monoterpene), isopulegol (monoterpene alcohol),&nbsp;&nbsp; β-caryophyllene oxide (bicyclic sesquiterpene) and β-elemen (sesquiterpenoid oxide)&nbsp; have also been reported as cytotoxic and antiproliferative compounds with anticancer effects.

It has been found that various essential oils possess countless biological activities and beneficial components that can affect the development of various forms of cancer. These essential oil constituents contribute to the potential anticancer, antitumor, and antiproliferative properties of essential oils. They are specific to each type of plant and can be the basis of anticancer therapy, as well as used in the form of liposomes/nanoemulsions/nanoparticles against various types of cancer.

Anti-cancer properties of essential oils and their components

Бетина Цветкова

The-scientifically-proven-benefits-of-cordyceps-mushrooms

The scientifically proven benefits of cordyceps mushrooms 

The-scientifically-proven-benefits-of-cordyceps-mushrooms_0_0

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There are many species of Cordyceps around the world. Although technically not fungi, they have the rare distinction of being entomopathogenic fungi, which means that in nature they grow as parasites on insects. The two species, Cordyceps militaris and Cordyceps sinensis, have gained considerable attention from the medical community and have been extensively studied for their positive health effects.

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In traditional Chinese and Tibetan medicine, cordyceps has been highly valued as a natural elixir of vitality and vitality that helps fight disease, improves endurance and increases longevity. Tibetan shepherds working at high altitudes took cordyceps to cope with the effects of low oxygen.&nbsp;

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To date, we know that cordyceps has beneficial effects on the human body, which may include immune, antitumor, antimetastatic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, hypolipidemic, hypoglycemic, anti-aging, and neuroprotective effects. 1

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The active ingredients of cordyceps are as follows:&nbsp;

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<ul><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Cordycepin</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Polysaccharides</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Sterols</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Fatty acids</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Phenolic compounds</li></ul>Alternative names also used: Cordyceps sinensis, Cordyceps sobolifera, Cordyceps barnesii, Cordyceps hyphae, Cordyceps ophioglossoides, Cordyceps militaris, <a href="../../p/%D0%A5%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0-%D0%B3%D1%8A%D0%B1%D0%B0-%D0%B3%D1%8A%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0-%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B5-%D0%B4%D0%B0-%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5-%D0%B7%D0%B0-%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%89%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5-%D0%BD%D0%B0-%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8" target="_blank" rel="noopener">caterpillar mushroom</a>, cordyceps mushroom.&nbsp;

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Cordyceps May Improve Physical Condition 

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In one study, scientists tested the effects of cordyceps on physical condition. The researchers found that the group given the most of the cordyceps-containing product had improved lactate clearance due to improved energy metabolism of lactate in the cell. &nbsp;<a href="https://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo?journalid=155&amp;doi=10.11648/j.ajss.20180601.11" target="_blank" data-ref="The Effects of High and Low-Dose Cordyceps Militaris-Containing Mushroom Blend Supplementation After Seven and Twenty-Eight Days :: Science Publishing Group" rel="noopener">[ref. 1]</a>&nbsp; Hence the authors concluded that the use of this formula of C. sinensis will improve lactate clearance and allow athletes higher anaerobic physical performance.

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Another study found that a one-time supplement with a mushroom blend containing Cordyceps militaris may improve tolerance to high-intensity exercise. It is assumed that there will be greater benefits with prolonged intake of a supplement with Cordyceps militaris.&nbsp;

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Cordyceps improves oxygen consumption 

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Studies have shown that in addition to the ability of the cordyceps mushroom to improve the availability of oxygen in the blood, it helps maintain heart function and respiratory health. The researchers reported that a 28-day experience with cordyceps administered during high-intensity exercise had benefits for both aerobic and anaerobic outcomes, improving oxygen consumption and blood lactate levels.&nbsp; 3

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Cordyceps as an anti-aging agent 

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Older people have traditionally used cordyceps to reduce fatigue and increase strength and libido. Researchers believe their antioxidant content may also explain the anti-aging potential of cordyceps mushrooms.

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Several studies have found that Cordyceps increased antioxidant levels in adult mice, helping to improve memory and sexual function. 3 It is necessary to investigate what the effect will be in humans.&nbsp;

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In another study, cordyceps extended the life of fruit flies, further supporting the belief that they have an anti-aging effect. 4

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Potential antitumor effects of cordyceps 

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The potential of cordyceps to slow down tumor growth has aroused considerable interest in recent years. Any means in the fight against cancer is of utmost importance to be studied and checked for the effectiveness of this disease in different types of cancer. 5

Cordyceps is a well-known tool in traditional Chinese medicine and has been used for centuries to treat many ailments and support physical health, endurance, and the functions of body systems. Although cordyceps fungi are of obvious potential in many areas, there is little research on their effects on humans. Therefore, more research is needed before experts can make recommendations on the exact dosage and intake of dietary supplements.