Magnolia officinalis (commonly called houpu magnolia or magnolia-bark) is a species of Magnolia native to the mountains and valleys of China at altitudes of 300–1500 m.

It is a deciduous tree growing to 20 m in height. The bark is thick and brown, but does not fissure. The leaves are broad, ovate, 20–40 cm long, and 11–20 cm broad. The flowers are fragrant and 10–15 cm wide, with 9–12 (rarely to 17) white tepals, and appear from May to June.

Magnolia officinalis var. officinalis ...

magnolia officinalis

Essence-of-Campo

Essence of Campo 

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Campo (pictured) is the common concept of over-the-counter medicines available in both drugstores and prescription drugs in Japan. They can be used together with some conventional drugs or sometimes as an independent alternative treatment. Campo drugs are traditional Japanese drugs produced from medicinal plants and herbs.&nbsp;

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Campo medicine is a medical system that is systematically organized based on the reactions of the human body to therapeutic interventions. With its roots in ancient Chinese medicine, this previous form of empirical medicine was introduced in Japan approximately in the 5th to 6th centuries.&nbsp;<a href="https://www.tsumura.co.jp/english/kampo/01.html" target="_blank" data-ref="Introducing Kampo Medicine | TSUMURA &amp; CO." rel="noopener">[Ref. 1]</a>&nbsp;

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It subsequently developed into a unique form of medicine by adapting to japan's climate and culture and was further refined to meet the constitution of the Japanese people before developing into a separate form of traditional medicine.&nbsp;

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In the 17th century, Campo medicine underwent a period of great development, which also cared about the style that is practiced today. The word 'kampo' was originally coined to distinguish itself from 'rampo' - a term used to describe Western medicine introduced in Japan by the Dutch.&nbsp;

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Campo also differs from traditional Chinese medicine and traditional Korean medicine. In fact, Campo medicine is a unique Japanese form of medicine.

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The most widely prescribed drug Campo was caconto (70.2%), followed by dykenchuto (50.2%) and shakuyakukanzo (49.2%). In particular, the use of all three has increased dramatically with the accumulation of supporting scientific evidence. [&nbsp;<a href="https://www.tsumura.co.jp/english/kampo/02.html" target="_blank" data-ref="History of Kampo Medicine | TSUMURA &amp; CO." rel="noopener">[ref. 2]</a>&nbsp;Several campo medicines commonly used for stomach problems are:

Essence-of-Campo_0_7

<ul><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Anchusan</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Hangeikobokoutou</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Rikunshitow</li></ul>Today campo is strictly regulated by the national Japanese government - it is not just a selection of random herbs that are used. The type and ratio of ingredients in each formulation are determined, the number of formulations is limited and the final products are tested and approved for use. Studies on the use of campo in the treatment of various health conditions are carried out and you can often find published studies in English simply by searching the web.

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What's-campo-made-of?

What's campo made of? 

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Japanese campo is made from natural ingredients - mainly plants, sometimes with minerals and animal products included. Some of the main herbal ingredients are:

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<ul><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Ginger (Zingiber officinale ) &nbsp;<a href="https://www.herbal-organic.com/bg/pubmed/Zingiber_officinale_ginger_Monograph_12946242" target="_blank" data-ref="Zingiber officinale (ginger). Monograph. | Билкови и природни лекарства" rel="noopener">[ref. 3]</a>&nbsp;</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Cinnamon (Cinnamomum Verum) &nbsp;<a href="https://www.herbal-organic.com/bg/herb/14482" target="_blank" data-ref="Cinnamon" rel="noopener">[ref. 4]</a>&nbsp;</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Licorice</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Medicinal mushrooms&nbsp;</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Ginseng (Panax) &nbsp;<a href="https://www.herbal-organic.com/bg/herb/14363" target="_blank" data-ref="Panax" rel="noopener">[Ref. 5]</a>&nbsp;</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Handrails (Perilla frutescens)&nbsp;<a href="https://www.herbal-organic.com/bg/herb/14717" target="_blank" data-ref="Perilla frutescens" rel="noopener">[ref. 6]</a>&nbsp;</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Magnolia Bark [&nbsp;<a href="https://www.herbal-organic.com/bg/herb/14623" target="_blank" data-ref="Magnolia" rel="noopener">Ref. 7]</a>&nbsp;</li></ul>

What's-campo-made-of?_1_2

What-is-Campo-used-for?

What is Campo used for? 

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Japanese campo remedies are used to treat a wide range of health conditions - from the common cold to anxiety, premenstrual syndrome (PMS), stomach problems, headaches, muscle aches, acne and even as additional therapy as part of cancer treatment protocols.&nbsp;<a href="https://bmccomplementmedtherapies.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1472-6882-12-222" target="_blank" data-ref="The clinical use of Kampo medicines (traditional Japanese herbal treatments) for controlling cancer patients&rsquo; symptoms in Japan: a national cross-sectional survey - BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies" rel="noopener">[Ref. 8]</a>&nbsp;

What-is-Campo-used-for?_1_1

Like traditional Chinese medicine, the Japanese campo is designed to treat the whole body, not just the symptoms of disease. The recommended formulations will depend on the unique constitution of each person, as well as their dosage. There are more than 210 different Campo formulas used in Japan and most uses of Campo are for modulating the immune response, i.e. to improve immunity.&nbsp;<a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0378874100003342" target="_blank" data-ref="ScienceDirectScience DirectScienceDirect helpElsevierRELX Group" rel="noopener">[ref. 9]</a>&nbsp;

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Other main areas in which campo is actively used are odonopathy (dental diseases) [&nbsp;<a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphar.2015.00176/full" target="_blank" data-ref="Traditional Japanese herbal medicines for treatment of odontopathy" rel="noopener">[ref. 10]</a> ]; as supportive care for heart failure/function [&nbsp;<a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780128093986000068" target="_blank" data-ref="ScienceDirectScience DirectScienceDirect helpElsevierRELX Group" rel="noopener">[ref. 11]</a> ]; inflammatory bowel disease [ [&nbsp;<a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780128093986000056" target="_blank" data-ref="ScienceDirectScience DirectScienceDirect helpElsevierRELX Group" rel="noopener">ref. 12]</a> ]; various symptoms associated with aging (anti-ageing effect). [&nbsp;<a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnut.2020.00086/full" target="_blank" data-ref="Kampo Medicine for Various Aging-Related Symptoms: A Review of Geriatric Syndrome" rel="noopener">[ref. 13]</a>&nbsp;]

Campo drugs have been traditional Japanese herbal remedies used in Japan for more than 1,500 years. They are introduced in the likeness of the Chinese traditional system and are already fully integrated into the modern health system of the country. Some of the main principles on which Campo relies are the methods of treatment, the individualized approach, the assessment of subjective symptoms, the restoration of balance and the use of formulas with several herbs.

Basics of Japanese traditional Campo medicine 

https://sanatio.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/5fd58faf-69cc-42fc-9ed2-7d3a7bf7e8ea_middle.jpg

Бетина Цветкова

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Author: Rositsa Tashkova, Master of Molecular Biology and Microbiology

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In these troubled pandemic times, many people resort to self-treatment with home remedies and herbs. This is not recommended by doctors, but it is a fact and it is important to understand what the benefits and risks are.

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Unfortunately, there are no clinical trials yet on the effectiveness of herbs in the treatment of COVID-19. Therefore, we decided to provide our readers with information about medicinal plants that are reported in the scientific literature that may support symptomatic treatment of influenza and other respiratory infections. We will also identify the potential dangers of using certain medicinal plants in the case of COVID-19.

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According to an overview published in the end of September 2020 in Frontiers in Pharmacology [<a href="https://www.bioseek.eu/en/eng/research/pubmed/covid_19_is_there_evidence_for_the_use_of_herbal_medicines_as_adjuvant_symptomatic_therapy_33071794" target="_blank" rel="noopener">ref.1</a>], the risk assessment was positive for the use of 5of the studied herbs (Althaea officinalis, Commiphora molmol, Glycyrrhiza glabra, Hedera helix and Sambucus nigra) and promising in 12 cases (Allium sativum, Andrographis paniculata, Echinacea angustifolia, Echinacea purpurea, essential oil from&nbsp;Eucalyptus globulus, Justicia pectoralis, Magnolia officinalis, Mikania glomerata, Pelargonium sidoides, Pimpinella anisum, Salix sp, Zingiber officinale).

Marshmallow-(Althaea-officinalis)

Marshmallow (Althaea officinalis)

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Marshmallow herb can suppress cough and reduce irritation through anti-inflammatory and soothing effects on the respiratory tract.

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Traditionally the herb is used in the treatment of colds and symptoms associated with upper respiratory tract infection. Data on the administration of marshmallow lead to the conclusion that it can alleviate the early symptoms of COVID-19.

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No serious side effects have been reported from taking this herbal remedy, it has high safety profile.

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How it is prepared: 0.5–5 g in 150 ml of water as an infusion, three times a day. Marshmallow root syrup is also a common preparation in a daily dose of 2-8 ml.

Marshmallow-(Althaea-officinalis)_0_5

What it contains: polysaccharides (they are responsible for the mucus consistency of the extract) - galacturonormanans, arabins, glucans; flavonoids (e.g. kaempferol); phenolic acids; coumarin (scopoletin); tannins.

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Special requirements for use: the absorption of other medicines taken simultaneously with marshmallow may be delayed due to the presence of mucilage in the herb extract. As a precautionary measure, all preparations with marshmallow should be taken at least 30 minutes to 1 hour before or after taking other medicines, minerals or vitamins.

Myrrh-(Commiphora-molmol)

Myrrh (Commiphora molmol)

Myrrh-(Commiphora-molmol)_1_0

It is synonymous with Commiphora myrrha, African myrrh, herabol myrrh, Somali myrrhor, common myrrh, or gum myrrh. Myrrh preparations appear to have a supportive effect as a painkiller and to relieve respiratory symptoms. However, their effect appears after a few weeks, thus exceeding the normal, uncomplicated development of COVID-19. It contains sesquiterpenes.

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No serious safety concerns have been reported for this herb and it can be assessed as highly safe.

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How it is prepared: it is preferable to use a commercial preparation of a certain composition, such as tincture (0.5–5 ml in 150 ml of water for rinsing or gargling three times a day).

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Special requirements for use: due to the uterine-stimulating effect, products containing myrrh resin should be avoided during pregnancy and lactation. Simultaneous use of myrrh with theophylline (dimethylxanthine, which is used in the treatment of asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease) or cyclosporin A (immunosuppressive drug) should be avoided.

Licorice-(Glycyrrhiza-glabra)

Licorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra)

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Liquorice can be useful for relieving respiratory symptoms, having a soothing&nbsp; effect on the respiratory tract - against cough and sore throat.

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The safety of the herb can be assessed as high, although it should be avoided by some risk groups. Patients suffering from hypertension (high blood pressure), kidney disease, liver or cardiovascular disorders or hypokalaemia (low levels of potassium in the blood) should avoid taking licorice. Short-term use seems safe for patients without serious illnesses.

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How it is prepared: 1.5 g roots in 150 ml, take the herbal decoction twice a day.

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What it contains: saponins (glycyrrhizin); triterpenes (glycyrrhetinic acid); flavonoids; coumarins; essential oil.

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Common-ivy-(Hedera-helix)

Common ivy (Hedera helix)

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Preparations containing ivy extract can be useful for symptomatic relief of respiratory diseases by its expectorant and anti-inflammatory effect on the respiratory tract.

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In many countries, licensed preparations are regulated for use in children. Safety of medicines containing ivy can be assessed as high, since side effects have only been observed with overdose - nausea, vomiting and diarrhea. There is no evidence of interactions with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (ibuprofen, aspirin, etc.)

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How to use: a pharmaceutical preparation with a certain chemical profile and an adequate dose should be used. Common ivy is poisonous!

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What it contains: flavonoids and other phenols; polyacetylenes; saponins and essential oils (β-caryophyllene, germacrene D, lemon, α- and β-pinene and sabinene as main components).

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Elderberry-(Sambucus-nigra)

Elderberry (Sambucus nigra)

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Black elderberry is also known as elder, black elder, European elder, European elderberry, and European black elderberry. The dried flowers of the plant can alleviate conditions such as fever and inflammation of the respiratory tract, to relieve the symptoms of cold and flu, to relieve headaches and as an expectorant. Elderberry has anti-inflammatory and antipyretic (lowers fever) effects.

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Clinical evidence is good and it is considered that this herbal remedy has a high level of safety.

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How to use: 2–5 g of dried flowers in 150 ml as an infusion, 2-3 times a day. Or 3–6 g of dried flowers in 150 ml as a decoction, 2-3 times a day.

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What it contains: flavonoids such as kaempferol, astragalin, quercetin, rutin; triterpenes (α- and β-amyrin, ursolic acid, oleanolic acid); sterols (β-sitosterol, campesterol, stigmasterol); phenolic acids and their corresponding glycosides (chlorogenic, ferulic, caffeic and p-coumaric acids); and essential oil.

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Other-medicinal-plants-and-herbs-that-may-serve-as-complementary-treatment-for-COVID-19

Other medicinal plants and herbs that may serve as complementary treatment for COVID-19

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The authors of the review also identified 12 more herbs that provide encouraging results on safety and effectiveness as complementary treatment for infectious respiratory diseases, in particular COVID-19. They are:

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<ul>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Garlic (Allium sativum) - 2-4 g of fresh garlic cloves per day, but avoid garlic when taking blood-thinning drugs - it can cause bleeding.</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Green chiretta (Andrographis paniculata) - may be beneficial for mild symptoms. </li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1"> Echinacea (Echinacea angustifolia and Echinacea purpurea) - the benefit of echinacea in the treatment of colds has been confirmed, but theoretically it can affect the immune response in an unusual way in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, but there is no evidence to support this; another theoretical risk is the damage to the liver in the seriously ill, who need to be anesthetised. [<a href="https://www.hindawi.com/journals/ecam/2020/2560645/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">ref.2</a>]</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Eucalyptus&nbsp;(Eucalyptus globulus) essential oil - can relieve cough, but should not be used in young children under the age of 2.5 years.</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Magnolia (Magnolia officinalis bark) - used in traditional Chinese and Japanese medicine to treat asthma, allergic diseases, as well as relieve headaches, muscle pain and fever, but its active ingredient (magnolol) can enhance the entry of the SARS-CoV-2 virus into the cell.</li>
</ul>

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<ul>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">African geranium or South African geranium (Pelargonium sidoides) - can alleviate symptoms at the beginning of respiratory disease, but it is good to stop taking it if the disease worsens due to immunomodulatory properties of the herb, which can cause an unexpected effect.</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Anise (Pimpinella anisum) - may provide some relief to the initial symptoms of COVID-19, especially in asthma sufferers.</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Willow (Salix sp.) - it has an anti-inflammatory and antipyretic effect, but it is not advisable to use with aspirin and other blood-thinning drugs, since it has the same properties and there is a risk of bleeding.</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Ginger (Zingiber officinale) - it has an anti-inflammatory effect, but in high doses it may affect blood clotting, it&nbsp;is contraindicated for sufferers of gallstones, stomach irritation and high blood pressure.</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Freshcut, chambá or carpintero (Justicia pectoralis) - this herb has an anti-inflammatory effect, but it is contraindicated to use with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and blood-thinning drugs, since it contains coumarin.</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Guaco (Mikania glomerata) - may relieve cough and help with asthma, but also contains coumarin and is contraindicated to use with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and blood-thinning drugs.</li>
</ul>

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Herbs to avoid when taking aspirin, nurofen and paracetamol

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Herbs are not a "magic wand" for solving problems caused by influenza, COVID-19 or any other coronavirus. They cannot prevent viral infection, but they can alleviate symptoms and potentially improve the general condition of patients, especially when the severity of the disease is little. Complicated flu or coronavirus infection requires medical treatment and specialized help.

5 herbs to relieve mild COVID-19 symptoms and how to prepare them

https://d20hztklr4qnvi.cloudfront.net/bf1d3bd9-dd47-42e1-9d19-2c74eb24b790_middle.jpg

 5 herbs to relieve mild COVID-19 symptoms and how to prepare them

Rositsa Tashkova-Kacharova

The cardiovascular system is one of the most important in the human body. If we think about what are the most life-threatening conditions and how first aid is provided to a severely injured person, we will necessarily come to this conclusion.

But cardiac arrest is not the only thing that can befall us. It is extremely important that we keep our circulatory system in order&nbsp;to have a good quality of life and good overall&nbsp;health.

In this article, we will talk about 3 of the diseases of the heart, for which there are herbs with a beneficial effect, proven by science: arrhythmia, atherosclerosis, and high blood pressure.:

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<ul>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Arrhythmia (saffron, ginger, lemon balm, etc.)</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Atherosclerosis (tribulus terrestris, red sage, black cumin, etc.)</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">High blood pressure, hypertension (garlic, saffron, green tea, etc.)</li>
</ul>

Arrhythmia

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In general, arrhythmia consists of an abnormal heart rhythm - irregular, too fast, or too slow, and the cause of it can be both severe conditions, such as a vice of the heart or heart attack, and excessive emotional tension or alcohol abuse.

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There are a&nbsp;few herbs [<a href="https://www.bioseek.eu/en/eng/research/pubmed/a_review_on_plants_and_herbal_components_with_antiarrhythmic_activities_and_their_interaction_with_current_cardiac_drugs_32670823" target="_blank" rel="noopener">ref.1</a>] and supplements that could help us against arrhythmia.

Saffron-(Crocus-sativus)

Saffron (Crocus sativus)

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Various studies have shown that saffron (saffron crocus) has a positive effect against arrhythmia, and it is considered that this is probably due to its ability to inhibit calcium channels in the cell.

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Ginger-(Zingiber-officinale)

Ginger (Zingiber officinale)

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In traditional Chinese medicine, ginger enters the composition of a decoction with cardioprotective properties. In several studies, an effect of ginger against the occurrence of arrhythmia has also been demonstrated. [<a href="https://www.rjpbcs.com/pdf/2016_7(1)/[139].pdf" target="_blank" rel="noopener">ref.2</a>]

Lemon-balm-(Melissa-officinalis)

Lemon balm (Melissa officinalis)

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According to some studies, lemon balm has a cardioprotective effect and can serve as an anti-arrhythmia agent.

Other-herbs

Other herbs

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Antiarrhythmic effect has also been established in the following medicinal plants:

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<ul>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Garlic (Allium sativum);</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Motherwort (Leonurus cardiaca);</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Magnolia officinalis;</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Burdock (Arctium lappa);</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Common barberry (Berberis vulgaris);</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Bergamot orange (Citrus bergamia);</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Grapes (Vitis sp.)</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Licorice (Glycyrrhiza uralensis);</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Green tea (Camellia sinensis) and others [<a href="https://www.bioseek.eu/en/eng/research/pubmed/a_review_on_plants_and_herbal_components_with_antiarrhythmic_activities_and_their_interaction_with_current_cardiac_drugs_32670823" target="_blank" rel="noopener">ref.1</a>].</li>
</ul>

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Vitamins,-minerals,-arrhythmia-supplements

Vitamins, minerals, arrhythmia supplements

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<ul>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Omega-3 fatty acids (derived mainly from oily fish);</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Vitamin C;</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Magnesium and potassium.</li>
</ul>

Atherosclerosis

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Atherosclerosis is a disease that depends on many factors and is nevertheless the main causative agent of death and severe damage since it affects the blood vessels of the most important organs - the heart and the brain.

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Essentially, it is the deposition of plaques&nbsp;inside the blood vessels, which hardens them and creates prerequisites for the formation of thrombi, which clog the vessels, and this can lead to heart attack, stroke, gangrene of limbs, and other severe conditions. Inflammation is a major participant in the process.

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The beneficial effect of some herbs against atherosclerosis is based on several different mechanisms:

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<ul>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Lowering the levels of lipids in the blood;</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Suppression of migration and clustering of monocytes under the layer of cells covering the inside of blood vessels;</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Anti-inflammatory properties;</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Antioxidant properties;</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Suppression of infiltration and proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells;</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Suppression of plaque formation.</li>
</ul>

Atherosclerosis_1_4

Atherosclerosis_1_5

Here we take a look at some of the medicinal plants that possess one or more of these properties. The information is taken from the scientific article of 2019 "Medicinal Herbs Effective Against Atherosclerosis: Classification According to Mechanism of Action". [<a href="https://www.bioseek.eu/en/eng/research/pubmed/Medicinal_Herbs_Effective_Against_Atherosclerosis_Classification_According_to_Mechanism_of_Action_30917628" target="_blank" rel="noopener">ref.3</a>]

Danschen-or-red-sage-(Salvia-miltiorrhiza)

Danschen or red sage (Salvia miltiorrhiza)

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Dried roots of red sage are used in Eastern traditional medicine for cardiovascular disease and atherosclerosis.

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The beneficial effect of the herb is due to its ability to lower lipid levels in the blood, to suppress the accumulation of monocytes under the endothelial in blood vessels, its anti-inflammatory properties, to inhibit plaque formation, infiltration and proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells and its antioxidant effects.

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Therefore, it can be said that danschen is the most suitable herb for the prevention and treatment of atherosclerosis.

Basil-(Ocimum-basilicum)

Basil (Ocimum basilicum)

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Aqueous basil extract lowers LDL-cholesterol levels, total cholesterol, and triglycerides, raises the level of HDL-cholesterol, and has antioxidant effects - properties that work against atherosclerosis.

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St.-John's-wort-(Hypericum-perforatum)

St. John's wort (Hypericum perforatum)

St.-John's-wort-(Hypericum-perforatum)_1_0

Flavonoid-rich St. John's wort extract lowers serum levels of triglycerides, total cholesterol, and LDL, temporarily increasing the level of HDL. In addition, it also has antioxidant properties.

Tribulus-terrestris

Tribulus terrestris

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Tribulus Terrestris is a known herb in Europe, the extract of which has the property to lower the level of lipids in the blood - lowers LDL, HDL, total cholesterol, and triglycerides.

Black-cumin-(Nigella-sativa)

Black cumin (Nigella sativa)

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Black cumin seed oil lowers triglycerides, total cholesterol, and LDL levels and increases HDL levels, which inhibits plaque formation in blood vessels. It also has antioxidant properties.

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Heal-all-(Prunella-vulgaris)

Heal-all (Prunella vulgaris)

Heal-all-(Prunella-vulgaris)_1_0

The herb is also called common self-heal,&nbsp;heart-of-the-earth, woundwort, carpenter's herb, brownwort, and blue curls. The spirit extract from an ordinary heal-all inhibits the attachment of cells monocytes and has an anti-inflammatory effect. These properties help in the fight against atherosclerosis.

magnolia officinalis

5 herbs to relieve mild COVID-19 symptoms and how to prepare them

Herbs for a healthy heart. Part 1