Morning sickness, also called nausea and vomiting of pregnancy (NVP), is a symptom of pregnancy that involves nausea or vomiting. Despite the name, nausea or vomiting can occur at any time during the day. Typically the symptoms occur between the 4th and 16th week of pregnancy. About 10% of women still have symptoms after the 20th week of pregnancy. A severe form of the condition is known as hyperemesis gravidarum and results in weight loss.The cause of morning sickness is unknown but may relate to ...

morning sickness

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Here-are-some-possible-reasons:

Here are some possible reasons:

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Gastrointestinal issues:

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<ul><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Gastroenteritis is an infection of the stomach and intestines caused by a virus or bacteria. It can cause nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and stomach cramps. Treatment involves staying hydrated and resting. In severe cases, hospitalization may be necessary.</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Peptic ulcers are sores that develop in the lining of the stomach or the first part of the small intestine. They can cause nausea, vomiting, stomach pain, and bloating. Treatment involves medications to reduce stomach acid and promote healing.</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Gastritis is an inflammation of the stomach lining that can cause nausea, vomiting, and stomach pain. Treatment involves avoiding irritants like alcohol and caffeine, and taking medications to reduce inflammation and promote healing.</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a chronic digestive disorder that occurs when stomach acid flows back into the esophagus. It can cause nausea, vomiting, heartburn, and chest pain. Treatment involves lifestyle changes like avoiding trigger foods and losing weight, and taking medications to reduce stomach acid.</li></ul>Food poisoning:

Here-are-some-possible-reasons:_0_2

<ul><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Eating contaminated food can cause mild to severe symptoms like nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and stomach cramps. The most common culprits are bacteria like Salmonella and E. coli, and viruses like norovirus. Treatment involves staying hydrated and resting. In severe cases, hospitalization may be necessary.</li></ul>Migraine:

Here-are-some-possible-reasons:_0_3

<ul><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Migraine is a neurological condition that can cause severe headaches, light sensitivity, and nausea. It may also cause vomiting. Treatment involves identifying triggers and avoiding them if possible, taking medications to prevent or alleviate symptoms, and managing stress.</li></ul>Pregnancy:

Here-are-some-possible-reasons:_0_4

<ul><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Nausea and vomiting are common symptoms of early pregnancy, often referred to as morning sickness. However, if you experience severe and persistent symptoms, it could be a sign of a condition called hyperemesis gravidarum. Treatment involves staying hydrated, getting enough rest, and taking medications to alleviate symptoms.</li></ul>Cancer:

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<ul><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Nausea and vomiting can be a sign of cancer, especially if they are persistent and occur along with other symptoms like unintentional weight loss and abdominal pain. The most common types of cancer associated with these symptoms are stomach cancer and pancreatic cancer. Treatment depends on the type and stage of cancer.</li></ul>

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Herbal-and-natural-remedies

Herbal and natural remedies

If-you-prefer-natural-remedies,-here-are-some-herbs-that-may-help-relieve-nausea-and-vomiting:

If you prefer natural remedies, here are some herbs that may help relieve nausea and vomiting:

If-you-prefer-natural-remedies,-here-are-some-herbs-that-may-help-relieve-nausea-and-vomiting:_1_0

<ul><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Ginger (Zingiber officinale) has been shown to be effective in relieving nausea and vomiting associated with chemotherapy, morning sickness, and motion sickness. It can be consumed as tea, capsules, or fresh root.</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Peppermint (Mentha piperita) may help alleviate nausea and vomiting by relaxing the muscles in the digestive tract. It can be consumed as tea, capsules, or oil.</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Fennel (Foeniculum vulgare) may help relieve nausea and vomiting by reducing inflammation in the stomach. It can be consumed as tea, capsules, or seeds.</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Lemon balm (Melissa officinalis) has been traditionally used to treat digestive issues like nausea and vomiting. It can be consumed as tea or capsules.</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla) has anti-inflammatory and soothing properties that may help alleviate nausea and vomiting. It can be consumed as tea or capsules.</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Licorice root (Glycyrrhiza glabra) has anti-inflammatory and anti-nausea properties. It can be consumed as tea, capsules, or extract.</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Dandelion (Taraxacum officinale) has been traditionally used to treat digestive issues like nausea and vomiting. It can be consumed as tea, capsules, or extract.</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Milk thistle (Silybum marianum) has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties that may help reduce nausea and vomiting. It can be consumed as tea, capsules, or extract.</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Lavender (Lavandula angustifolia) has a calming effect that may help reduce nausea and vomiting. It can be consumed as tea or oil.</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Echinacea (Echinacea purpurea) has immune-boosting and anti-inflammatory properties that may help reduce nausea and vomiting. It can be consumed as tea, capsules, or extract.</li></ul>

Allergies,-foods-and-medications-that-can-cause-vomiting-and-nausea:

Allergies, foods and medications that can cause vomiting and nausea:

Allergies,-foods-and-medications-that-can-cause-vomiting-and-nausea:_2_0

Allergies,-foods-and-medications-that-can-cause-vomiting-and-nausea:_2_1

Allergies,-foods-and-medications-that-can-cause-vomiting-and-nausea:_2_2

<ul><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Chemotherapy drugs (such as cisplatin, cyclophosphamide, and doxorubicin)</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Antibiotics (such as erythromycin, metronidazole, and tetracycline)</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (such as aspirin, ibuprofen, and naproxen)</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Opioid painkillers (such as codeine, morphine, and oxycodone)</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Antidepressants (such as fluoxetine, sertraline, and venlafaxine)</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Antipsychotics (such as haloperidol and chlorpromazine)</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Antihistamines (such as diphenhydramine and dimenhydrinate)</li></ul>Allergies:

Allergies,-foods-and-medications-that-can-cause-vomiting-and-nausea:_2_3

<ul><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Food allergies (such as peanuts, shellfish, and milk)</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Drug allergies (such as penicillin and sulfa drugs)</li></ul>Foods:

Allergies,-foods-and-medications-that-can-cause-vomiting-and-nausea:_2_4

<ul><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Spoiled or contaminated foods</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">High-fat or spicy foods</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Alcohol and caffeine</li></ul>Active compounds of some of the medications listed above that can cause nausea and vomiting include:

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<ul><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Cisplatin: platinum-containing compound used as an antineoplastic agent</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Metronidazole: nitroimidazole antibiotic used to treat bacterial and parasitic infections</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Tetracycline: broad-spectrum antibiotic</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Codeine: opioid analgesic</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Fluoxetine: selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) antidepressant</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Diphenhydramine: first-generation antihistamine</li></ul>

Some-Things-You-Can-Do-at-Home-to-Relieve-Symptoms-of-Nausea-and-Vomiting

Some Things You Can Do at Home to Relieve Symptoms of Nausea and Vomiting

Some-Things-You-Can-Do-at-Home-to-Relieve-Symptoms-of-Nausea-and-Vomiting_3_0

&nbsp;If you experience constant nausea or vomiting, do not neglect it. It could be a sign of something serious. Consult a healthcare professional to determine the cause of your symptoms and get appropriate treatment. In some cases, nausea and vomiting may be a symptom of a more severe underlying disease, such as cancer or gastrointestinal upset. However, the good news is that many of these conditions can be successfully treated if detected in time.

Some-Things-You-Can-Do-at-Home-to-Relieve-Symptoms-of-Nausea-and-Vomiting_3_1

Some-Things-You-Can-Do-at-Home-to-Relieve-Symptoms-of-Nausea-and-Vomiting_3_2

If you are experiencing nausea and vomiting, there are some things you can do at home to help alleviate your symptoms:

Some-Things-You-Can-Do-at-Home-to-Relieve-Symptoms-of-Nausea-and-Vomiting_3_3

<ul><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Stay hydrated: Drink plenty of fluids, such as water, herbal tea, or clear broths, to prevent dehydration.</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Rest: Avoid strenuous activity and get plenty of rest to help your body recover.</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Eat bland foods: Stick to bland, low-fat foods, such as toast, rice, and bananas, until your symptoms improve.</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Avoid triggering foods: Avoid foods that trigger your symptoms, such as spicy or greasy foods.</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Manage stress: Stress can worsen nausea and vomiting, so find ways to manage stress, such as meditation or deep breathing exercises.</li></ul>

In summary, if you are experiencing persistent nausea and vomiting, it is essential to seek medical attention to rule out any serious underlying conditions. In some cases, natural remedies like herbs may help alleviate symptoms, but always consult with a healthcare professional before using any herbal remedies. By taking the right steps, you can manage your symptoms and improve your overall health and well-being.

Feeling Sick to Your Stomach? It Could Be a Sign of Something Serious.


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Feeling Sick to Your Stomach? It Could Be a Sign of Something Serious.

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Author: Rositsa Tashkova, Master of Molecular Biology and Microbiology

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Planned or accidental, any pregnancy causes a storm of emotions, excitement, worries and hopes. In this article you will learn what are the first symptoms of pregnancy, how to deal with the inconvenience some of them cause and when to consult a doctor.

Implantation-bleeding/spotting

1. Implantation bleeding/spotting

Implantation-bleeding/spotting_0_0

Perhaps the earliest possible symptom of pregnancy is implantation bleeding and implantation pain. They occur about 7-10 days after ovulation if fertilization occurs. These symptoms occur only in some women, and many pregnancies begin without any bleeding or pain.

Implantation-bleeding/spotting_0_1

Implantation bleeding and pain occur with the implantation or "nesting" of the fertilized and fissory egg in the mucous membrane of the uterus (endometrium).

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Fertilization occurs in the fallopian tubes that connect the ovaries to the uterus, and the fertilized egg needs about aweek before it reaches and is implanted into the uterus and begins production of the pregnancy hormone - human chorionic gonadotropin (CHG).

Implantation-bleeding/spotting_0_3

Implantation-bleeding/spotting_0_4

Its level also measures pregnancy tests and therefore, before implantation, it is not possible to determine whether or not fertilization has occurred. Home pregnancy tests are done a week after the delay of menstruation for greater accuracy. Previously, the still low level of HMG may not be taken into account and give a false negative result. Blood tests are much more accurate.

Implantation-bleeding/spotting_0_5

Usually, a woman understands that she is pregnant in the fourth week of her pregnancy when her menstruation is late. This is because the first day of the last menstruation isconsidered to start , since it is usually not known whenexactly fertilization occurred.

Implantation-bleeding/spotting_0_6

Every week is called gestational week (g.s.) and the entire pregnancy lasts 40 gestational weeks, each on the usual 7 days, although the 9 months have 36 weeks. :)

When-to-seek-medical-attention

When to seek medical attention

When-to-seek-medical-attention_0_0

If we have received a positive result from the pregnancy test (it may also be a blood test), it is time to visit our obstetrician and gynecologist. [<a href="https://www.bioseek.eu/bg/eng/research/pubmed/Emergencies_in_early_pregnancy_23137398" target="_blank" rel="noopener">ref. 4</a>]

Painful-breasts

2. Painful breasts

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The initial symptoms of pregnancy too much resemble those of premenstrual syndrome (PMS). This is because after ovulation begins a strong increase in the hormone progesterone - as its name suggests (from Greek, assisting pregnancy), it promotesfetal retention and wear and tear of pregnancy.

Painful-breasts_1_2

Progesterone is produced by the yellow body (it is formed at the site of the ovulation-detached egg), and when pregnancy occurs - from the placenta . In the course of pregnancy, its levels graduallyincrease. If pregnancy does not occur, its level quickly drops and menstrual bleeding begins.

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Progesterone has several functions:

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<ul>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Prepares the mucous membrane of the uterus (endometrium) for the implantation of the embryo;</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Makes cervical mucus (the fluid produced by the cervix) impermeable to spermatozoa;</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">During pregnancy lowers the mother's immune response to hold the developing fetus;</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Lowers the uterine tendency to contractions, which protects against premature birth;</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Participates in the maturation of the mammary glands during pregnancy to make breastfeeding possible after childbirth.</li>
</ul>

Painful-breasts_1_5

After becoming pregnant, both progesterone and estrogen levels rise. This leads to tension and chest pain - sometimes so irritating that anything that gets to the top of them causes an unpleasant feeling. This is most pronounced precisely at the very beginning of pregnancy , and in the second and third trimesters discomfort decreases. Some women feel changes in their breastsanother 2 weeks after conception.

How-to-help-yourself-with-painful-breasts

How to help yourself with painful breasts

How-to-help-yourself-with-painful-breasts_1_0

How-to-help-yourself-with-painful-breasts_1_1

Here's what we can do to relieve the unpleasant sensation in our chests:

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<ul>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">to avoid coarse fabrics touching our breasts;</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">to monitor for changes in the size of the bra - both the cup and the circumference of the chest will increase;</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">to move on to bras with soft cups, no underwires and with wider straps for better support of breast sedal breasts - bras for pregnant and nursing mothers are also available;</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">to ask your partner to avoid touching our breasts, if it brings us discomfort - it takes a little patience on both sides, soon this symptom will subside.</li>
</ul>

When-to-seek-medical-attention_1_0

If during pregnancy we see or feel that a lump has appeared in our breast, we must necessarily go to the doctor, to determine whether it is a harmless formation due to the action of hormones or poses a threat to our health.

Tiredness-and-fatigue

3. Tiredness and fatigue

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Fatigue and drowsiness are among the first symptoms of pregnancy and can begin immediately after implantation of the embryo.

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About the 13th gestation week, when the second trimester occurs,the pregnant woman can feel a rush of energy. Well, or at least her situation improves. But only for thenext three months, after which exhaustion returns .

Tiredness-and-fatigue_2_2

There is no wonder in this - after all, our body builds a new body , the levels of progesterone and estrogen are very high, and they act as a naturalsedative.

What-to-do-to-cope-with-constant-fatigue-during-pregnancy

What to do to cope with constant fatigue during pregnancy

What-to-do-to-cope-with-constant-fatigue-during-pregnancy_2_0

What-to-do-to-cope-with-constant-fatigue-during-pregnancy_2_1

Since taking sleeping pills or other medications to help a pregnant woman fall asleep is not suitable for this stage of life, we immediately forget about <a href="https://www.healthline.com/health/pregnancy/pregnancy-fatigue#what-can-you-do" target="_blank" rel="noopener"></a>them.

What-to-do-to-cope-with-constant-fatigue-during-pregnancy_2_2

<ul>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">take a nap during the day if we have this opportunity - but not in the late afternoons or at dusk, because this can prevent us from sleeping at night;</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">the bedroom should be only for sleep and cuddling, in no case do not work in this room or in bed, because it creates the wrong associations in the brain for the purpose of this place;</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">to keep the bedroom clean, cooler and well darkened, withoutscreens andlights;</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">to reduce or stop coffee - in addition to preventing the future mother from falling asleep, caffeine can also activate the baby and it can start moving and kicking a lot, which is also an obstacle to good sleep;</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">if there are no contraindications to this, light exercise and gymnastics also reflect well on many of the unpleasant aspects of pregnancy;</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">to ask our partner to give us a massage, take breaks, pamper ourselves in a pleasant soothing environment.</li>
</ul>

When-to-seek-medical-attention_2_0

Fatigue and insomnia may be due to moreserious conditions , which need to be diagnosed and observed by a <a href="/p/diabiet_po_vriemie_na_briemiennost_simptomi_riskovie_i_svieti_245acb17_9bf9_4af8_a562_bd8e4664e6e5" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer"></a> <a href="/p/sliedrodilnata_diepriesiia_kakvi_sa_simptomitie_kolko_vriemie_prodlzhava_i_kak_da_izlieziem_ot_nieia_923461ac_bd42_43a6_ae10_755d4216e930" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer"></a>doctor.

When-to-seek-medical-attention_2_1

If we have any of the followingsymptoms, then we should contact the attending physician for help:

When-to-seek-medical-attention_2_2

<ul>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">changes in <a href="../c/eye_health" target="_blank" rel="noopener">vision</a>,</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">dizziness,</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">less frequent urination,</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">shortness of breath, upper abdominal pain or palpitations,</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">severe headache,</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">swelling/swelling of the hands, ankles and legs.</li>
</ul>

Nausea

4. Nausea

Nausea_3_0

Although it is often called "morning sickness", it can occur at any time of the day and night . In some women, the bad feeling isconstant. Nausea is due to hormonal changes in the body of the pregnant woman and passes by 16 to 20 weeks of gestation.

Nausea_3_1

How-to-relieve-the-feeling-of-nausea-and-vomiting

How to relieve the feeling of nausea and vomiting

How-to-relieve-the-feeling-of-nausea-and-vomiting_3_0

The severity of the condition is different, as well as the methods of dealing - in one pregnant will help one, another - another, and a third will have to endure the inconvenience.

How-to-relieve-the-feeling-of-nausea-and-vomiting_3_1

Here are a few things that can help with nausea and vomiting at the beginning of pregnancy [<a href="https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/pregnancy-and-baby/morning-sickness-nausea/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">ref. 2</a>]:

How-to-relieve-the-feeling-of-nausea-and-vomiting_3_2

<ul>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">rest (fatigue may worsen nausea);</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">avoid foods or smells that make us feel bad;</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">to eat something like toast or a simple biscuit before we get out of bed;</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">to eat a little, but often ordinary foods high in carbohydrates and low in fat (such as bread, rice, crackers and pasta);</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">to eat cold foods, not hot, if the smell of hot dishes makes us feel bad;</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">to drink plenty of fluids and water (drinking a little and often to prevent vomiting);</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">to eat foods or drinks containing ginger (we need to consult a doctor or pharmacist before taking ginger supplements during pregnancy);</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">acupressure - it seems that putting pressure on the wrist (in the well on its underside) can help relieve symptoms.</li>
</ul>

When-to-seek-medical-attention_3_0

In some pregnant women, a disease develops, <a href="https://www.bioseek.eu/bg/eng/research/search?q=hyperemesis%20gravidarum&amp;p=1&amp;st=1&amp;tp=9&amp;s=x&amp;f=4&amp;as=ARTICLE%3APUBMED%3A22866186" target="_blank" rel="noopener">called hyperemesis gravidarum with metabolic disorders (hyperemesis</a> graviditharyum) [ref. 5]. It begins with constant vomiting - 10-20 times a day, in which fluids, nutrients and valuable electrolytes are lost.

When-to-seek-medical-attention_3_1

When-to-seek-medical-attention_3_2

Vomiting can also be a symptom of urogenital infection.

When-to-seek-medical-attention_3_3

<ul>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">very dark colored urine or lack of urination for more than 8 hours;</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">inability to retain food or fluids for 24 hours;</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">a strong feeling of weakness, dizziness or fainting when standing up;</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">pain in the abdomen;</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">pain or blood when urinating;</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Slimming.</li>
</ul>

Bloating

5. Bloating

Bloating_4_0

The feeling of a swollen belly can appear even before we know the good news. Progesterone keeps the musculature of the uterus "relaxed" to prevent the appearance of contractions, but it also affects the musculature of other organs - that of the intestine and the digestive system as a whole.

Bloating_4_1

Bloating_4_2

What can we do to reduce the sensation of swollen abdomen and other digestive disorders

Bloating_4_3

If the symptoms are mild, there are ways by changing nutrition and habits to relieve this unpleasant symptom:

Bloating_4_4

<ul>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">to eat often and less, neverovereat;</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">to avoid stomach and bowel irritant foods or foods that are which may harm us otherwise during pregnancy - fatty foods, with lots of spices, spicy, heavy, unpasteurized milk and cheeses, soft cheeses with white or blue-green mold shell (brie, camembert, roquefort, gorgonzola), poorly cooked or raw meat, liver, pate, game meat, poorly cooked/fried eggs, seafood [<a href="https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/pregnancy-and-baby/foods-to-avoid-pregnant/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">ref. 3</a>];</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">to stand with our backsstraight when we eat;</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">to have dinner no later than 3 hours before sleep;</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">to sleep with slightly raised head and shoulders, against acids;</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">without cigarette smoke and alcohol.</li>
</ul>

When-to-see-a-doctor

When to see a doctor

When-to-see-a-doctor_4_0

If nothing helps, we can talk to our doctor about suitable for pregnant medications. Seeking medical attention is mandatory in:

When-to-see-a-doctor_4_1

<ul>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">stomach ache,</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">inability to eat or keep food in our stomachs,</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">weight loss.</li>
</ul>

Attraction-or-aversion-to-certain-foods

6. Attraction or aversion to certain foods

Attraction-or-aversion-to-certain-foods_5_0

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One of the most common reactions to disgust is to coffee - which we have so far relied on tostart our day.

Attraction-or-aversion-to-certain-foods_5_2

Scientists and doctors still do not know what these strange phenomena are due to, but they suggest that the hormone HMGis to blamefor them .

Attraction-or-aversion-to-certain-foods_5_3

Another explanation lies in increased sense of smell and taste in pregnant women.

Attraction-or-aversion-to-certain-foods_5_4

Despite the malaise most women experience during their pregnancy, the joy of creating a new life is unparalleled and nothing should allow it to darken. It's all worth it when we finally cuddle our healthy, fluffy baby.

Attraction-or-aversion-to-certain-foods_5_5

Attraction-or-aversion-to-certain-foods_5_6

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Attraction-or-aversion-to-certain-foods_5_7

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Attraction-or-aversion-to-certain-foods_5_8

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Attraction-or-aversion-to-certain-foods_5_9

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morning sickness

6 symptoms of early pregnancy