Passiflora alata, the winged-stem passion flower, is a species of flowering plant. It is an evergreen vine, growing to 6 m (20 ft) or more, which bears an edible type of passion fruit. It is native to the Amazon, from Peru to eastern Brazil.

The local peoples refer to it as ouvaca, meaning 'red star' due to the appearance of its flower. Other names include fragrant grenadilla, and maracuja de refresco. The specific epithet alata means 'winged', referring to the 4-winged stems.

passiflora alata

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Signs-of-an-Anxiety-Disorder

Signs of an Anxiety Disorder

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<ol><li><ol><li> Excessive Worry and Overthinking</li></ol>Experiencing persistent and overwhelming worry, even about minor issues, is a key indicator of an anxiety disorder.

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<ol start="2"><li> Muscle Tension and Restlessness</li></ol>Anxiety often manifests physically, causing muscle tension, restlessness, and even involuntary movements.

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<ol start="3"><li> Trouble Sleeping</li></ol>Anxiety disrupts sleep patterns, leading to insomnia and restless nights.&nbsp;

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<ol start="4"><li> Gastrointestinal Issues</li></ol>The gut-brain connection is real, and anxiety can lead to gastrointestinal discomfort.&nbsp;

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<ol start="5"><li> Perfectionism</li></ol>Unrealistic standards and an unrelenting need for perfection can signal an underlying anxiety disorder.

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<ol start="6"><li> Self-Consciousness</li></ol>Excessive self-consciousness and fear of judgment are common in social anxiety.&nbsp;

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<ol start="7"><li> Intolerance of Uncertainty</li></ol>Anxiety can make it challenging to tolerate uncertainty and make decisions.

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<ol start="8"><li> Startling Easily and Hypervigilance</li></ol>Heightened sensitivity to stimuli and being easily startled can indicate an anxiety disorder.

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Natural-Remedies-for-Anxiety

Natural Remedies for Anxiety

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Exploring natural remedies for anxiety can complement traditional treatments. Discover the potential of herbs like Passiflora incarnata (Passionflower) and Valeriana officinalis (Valerian) in reducing anxiety symptoms.

Calming-Passionflower-Tea

Calming Passionflower Tea

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<ul><li>1 teaspoon dried Passiflora incarnata leaves and flowers</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">1 cup hot water</li></ul>Instructions:

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<ol><li>Place dried passionflower leaves and flowers in a cup.</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Pour hot water over them.</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Cover and steep for 10-15 minutes.</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Strain and enjoy this soothing tea.</li></ol>

Relaxing-Valerian-Tincture

Relaxing Valerian Tincture

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<ul><li>1 part dried Valeriana officinalis root</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">4 parts alcohol (e.g., vodka)</li></ul>Instructions:

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<ol><li>Place dried valerian root in a glass jar.</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Pour alcohol over the root, ensuring complete coverage.</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Seal the jar and let it sit for 4-6 weeks, shaking daily.</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Strain and store the tincture in a dark glass bottle.</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Use a few drops as needed to ease anxiety.</li></ol>

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Anticancer-Properties

Anticancer Properties

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Interestingly, both Passiflora incarnata and Valeriana officinalis possess potential anticancer properties12. While these herbs are primarily known for their anxiety-relieving effects, their potential broader health benefits are noteworthy.

Questions-and-Answers

Questions and Answers

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Q: Can anxiety disorders develop suddenly, or is it a gradual process?

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A: Anxiety disorders can emerge both suddenly, triggered by a traumatic event, and gradually due to chronic stress.

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Q: How do specific foods impact anxiety symptoms?

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A: Foods like caffeine and high-sugar items can exacerbate anxiety symptoms.

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Q: Does exercise play a role in managing anxiety?

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A: Absolutely, regular exercise releases endorphins that aid anxiety reduction.

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Q: Can children experience anxiety disorders?

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A: Yes, anxiety disorders can develop in children and adolescents, presenting differently from adults.

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Q: Can mindfulness techniques effectively alleviate anxiety symptoms?

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A: Yes, mindfulness and meditation are proven tools for anxiety management.

References

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Sarris, J., McIntyre, E., Camfield, D. A., &amp; Plant, C. (2013). A randomized, controlled trial of oral Passiflora incarnata extract (sedanxan) in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder. Phytotherapy Research, 27(2), 292-297.&nbsp;

References_3_1

Santos, M. S., Ferreira, F., Cunha, A. P., &amp; Carvalho, A. P. (1994). An aqueous extract of valerian influences the transport of GABA in synaptosomes. Planta medica, 60(4), 278-279.&nbsp;

References_3_2

Mucalo, I., Jukić &Scaron;pika, M., &amp; Božinović, N. (2020). Cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of Passiflora incarnata L. Extracts. Journal of ethnopharmacology, 248, 112330.&nbsp;

References_3_3

Miraj, S., Kiani, S., &amp; Alesaeidi, S. (2017). Exploring Valeriana officinalis*; traditional and modern medicinal uses. Journal of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 10(4), 2127-2131.&nbsp;

Recognizing subtle signs is pivotal for diagnosing anxiety disorders promptly. From excessive worry to physical symptoms, understanding these signs empowers individuals to seek timely help and explore holistic remedies. Incorporating herbs like Passiflora incarnata and Valeriana officinalis can offer a natural approach to managing anxiety symptoms, complementing conventional treatments.

8 Subtle Signs for Diagnosing Anxiety Disorders

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Flashbacks-and-intrusive-memories

1. Flashbacks and intrusive memories

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PTSD often manifests itself through unwanted flashbacks and compulsive memories, causing past traumas to feel like they are repeating. Daily stimuli can trigger these distressing memories. For a soothing agent, consider Lavender (Lavandula angustifolia). Lavender's stress-relieving properties make it an ally for dealing with this symptom. Making lavender tea by soaking 1 tablespoon of dried lavender flowers in hot water for 5-10 minutes can be a soothing ritual.

Nightmares-and-disturbed-sleep

2. Nightmares and disturbed sleep

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Nightmares and disturbed sleep are common companions of PTSD. These vivid dreams can intensify the emotional distress associated with trauma. Valerian (Valeriana officinalis) intervenes as a potential solution to improve sleep quality. Ordinary valerian tea, prepared by soaking 1 teaspoon of dried valerian root in hot water for 10-15 minutes, can provide rest.

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3. Avoidance and emotional numbness

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PTSD often leads to avoidance behaviors and emotional numbness. Activities, places, and people reminiscent of trauma are avoided, and the ability to connect emotionally becomes compromised. St. John's wort (Hypericum perforatum) offers a potential pathway to emotional balance, although consulting a health professional before use is essential.

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4. Overexcitement and irritability

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Overexcitement accompanied by irritability and an excessive stress response is another common manifestation of PTSD. Chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla) can be a gentle aid in calming these symptoms. The preparation of chamomile tea involves soaking 2-3 tablespoons of dried chamomile flowers in hot water for 5-10 minutes.

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5. Negative mood and cognitive changes

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Negative mood swings, cognitive struggles, and difficulty concentrating are poignant aspects of PTSD. Ginseng (Panax ginseng), an adaptogenic herb, can boost cognitive function and lift mood. Brew a teaspoon of ginseng root slices in boiling water for 20 minutes to brew a nourishing ginseng tea.

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6. Physical symptoms and chronic pain

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Physical symptoms such as headaches and chronic unexplained pain may accompany PTSD. Turmeric (Curcuma longa) is an anti-inflammatory agent that potentially offers relief. Preparing turmeric milk with 1 teaspoon of turmeric powder, warm milk and a pinch of black pepper can provide soothing comfort.

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7. Relationship and Social Struggles

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PTSD can strain relationships and lead to social isolation. Nurturing relationships becomes challenging.Passionflower (Passiflora incarnata), known for its soothing and sedative qualities, can potentially expand its embrace. Soaking 1-2 teaspoons of dried passionflower in hot water for 10-15 minutes offers a soothing cup of passionflower tea.

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Negative-Changes-in-Beliefs-and-Feelings

8. Negative Changes in Beliefs and Feelings

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Beliefs and feelings often undergo adverse changes in PTSD agony. Holy basil (Ocimum sanctum), known as tulsi, is an adaptogenic herb with potential stress-reducing qualities. Instilling dried Tulsi leaves in hot water for 5-7 minutes gives soothing Tulsi tea.

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9. Altered Physical and Emotional Reactions

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Altered perceptions of danger, increased emotional responses, and expressed fear or anger are hallmarks of post-traumatic stress disorder. Golden root (Rhodiola rosea) is an adaptogenic herb, can strengthen emotional resilience. Creating a tea from Golden Root involves soaking 1 teaspoon of dried Golden Root root in hot water for 5-7 minutes.

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Question: Can PTSD develop in children?

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Answer: &nbsp;Yes, children can indeed develop post-traumatic stress disorder after traumatic experiences, often exhibiting symptoms different from those in adults.

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Q: Can PTSD symptoms appear immediately?

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Answer: Although immediate symptoms may occur, sometimes PTSD symptoms take weeks or months to manifest.

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Question: Are certain factors at higher risk of PTSD related?

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Answer: Risk factors include the severity of trauma, a history of personal mental health, a lack of social support, and genetic predisposition.

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Question: Is professional help essential for PTSD recovery?

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Answer: While self-care approaches may offer relief, professional intervention greatly improves recovery prospects.

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Question: Can prolonged stress lead to PTSD, not just isolated traumatic events?

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Answer: Absolute PTSD may stem from prolonged stress or trauma, such as ongoing violence or prolonged exposure to combat.

Referrals

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<ul><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1"><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3612440/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3612440/</a><a href="https://chat.openai.com/?model=text-davinci-002-render-sha#user-content-fnref-1%5E" target="_blank" rel="noopener">&nbsp;</a></li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1"><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4394901/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4394901/</a><a href="https://chat.openai.com/?model=text-davinci-002-render-sha#user-content-fnref-2%5E" target="_blank" rel="noopener">&nbsp;</a></li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1"><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6331393/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6331393/</a><a href="https://chat.openai.com/?model=text-davinci-002-render-sha#user-content-fnref-3%5E" target="_blank" rel="noopener">&nbsp;</a></li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1"><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2995283/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2995283/</a><a href="https://chat.openai.com/?model=text-davinci-002-render-sha#user-content-fnref-4%5E" target="_blank" rel="noopener">&nbsp;</a></li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1"><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3659622/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3659622/</a><a href="https://chat.openai.com/?model=text-davinci-002-render-sha#user-content-fnref-5%5E" target="_blank" rel="noopener">&nbsp;</a></li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1"><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5664031/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5664031/</a><a href="https://chat.openai.com/?model=text-davinci-002-render-sha#user-content-fnref-6%5E" target="_blank" rel="noopener">&nbsp;</a></li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1"><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4296439/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4296439/</a><a href="https://chat.openai.com/?model=text-davinci-002-render-sha#user-content-fnref-7%5E" target="_blank" rel="noopener">&nbsp;</a></li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1"><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5541033/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5541033/</a><a href="https://chat.openai.com/?model=text-davinci-002-render-sha#user-content-fnref-8%5E" target="_blank" rel="noopener">&nbsp;</a></li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1"><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6215727/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6215727/</a><a href="https://chat.openai.com/?model=text-davinci-002-render-sha#user-content-fnref-9%5E" target="_blank" rel="noopener">&nbsp;</a></li></ul>

Exposing the symptoms of PTSD is key to starting the journey to recovery. While natural remedies such as lavender, valerian, chamomile, St. John's wort, ginseng, turmeric, holy basil, passionflower and rhodiola can provide recreation, professional medical guidance remains indispensable. For those struggling with PTSD, seeking help from a doctor guarantees a holistic approach to healing.

9 Symptoms of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)

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9 symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTS)

What-is-Valerian?

What is Valerian? 

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Valerian (Valeriana officinalis), also known as medicinal dilyanka, is a flowering plant native to Europe and parts of Asia. &nbsp;<a href="https://www.herbal-organic.com/en/herb/15378" target="_blank" data-ref="Valeriana officinalis" rel="noopener">[Ref. 1]</a> Since ancient times, the root of this plant has been used to treat insomnia, nervousness, trembling, headaches and palpitations, as well as other conditions. &nbsp;<a href="https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S2225411015000917" target="_blank" data-ref="Redirecting" rel="noopener">[ref. 2]</a>&nbsp; Valerian flowers have a delicate aroma, often used in perfumes. However, the root of valerian has a very strong earthy smell. This is due to volatile oils and other compounds responsible for its sedative effects.&nbsp;

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There are over 250 species of valerian, but V. officinalis is the most used species in Western countries. Of the others, only two are commonly used for medicinal purposes (the Himalayan V. wallichii and the Mexican V. edulis) &nbsp;<a href="https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-642-60367-9_15?error=cookies_not_supported&amp;code=474bd8be-0609-4d55-8d39-ba35c609be54" target="_blank" data-ref="Valeriana Species" rel="noopener">[ref. 3]</a>&nbsp;. This article focuses on Valeriana officinalis. An interesting fact about this type of plant is that during the Second World War, the Plant Drug Committee of England listed valerian root as one of the most important plants to collect, as it is extremely useful in relieving the stress of air raids.

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Useful compounds in valerian root 

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Valerian consists of many biologically active components that provide its wide-ranging effects. The chemical composition of valerian varies greatly depending on the species, season, geographical source, growing conditions, method of processing and storage. Among the most important beneficial compounds in valerian root are:

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<ol><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Sesquiterpenes of volatile oils such as valeric acid. Valerenoic acid increases levels of GABA, a neurotransmitter that reduces the activity of brain cells. In addition, it has anti-inflammatory effects (by reducing the activity of NF-KappaB).&nbsp;</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Iridoids. Iridoids (valepotrietes and their derivatives) have sedative effects but are unstable and decay during storage or in water, making their activity more difficult to assess.</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Alkaloids, which "are perhaps the most powerful group of plant ingredients that act on the human body and mind," according to renowned herbalist David Hoffman. &nbsp;<a href="https://healthy.net/2019/08/26/valerian/" target="_blank" data-ref="Valerian" rel="noopener">[ref. 4]</a>&nbsp;</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Hesperidin, Linerine and Lignan 4. Hesperidin and linarin are antioxidant flavonoids with sleep-enhancing effects. Hesperidin also has anti-seizure effects.</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Free amino acids such as γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), tyrosine, arginine and glutamine. GABA is also found in valerian extracts in amounts sufficient to produce a sedative effect, although it is not known whether it crosses the blood-brain barrier. However, glutamine present in aqueous (but not alcoholic) valerian root extracts can cross the blood-brain barrier and become GABA in animals. &nbsp;<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8573216/" target="_blank" data-ref="In vitro study on the interaction of Valeriana officinalis L. extracts and their amino acids on GABAA receptor in rat brain - PubMed" rel="noopener">[ref. 5]</a>&nbsp;</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Isovaleric acid, which prevents involuntary muscle contractions. Its action is similar to valproic acid, which is used to treat epilepsy.</li></ol>

Health-Benefits-of-Valerian-Root

Health Benefits of Valerian Root

Valerian-for-insomnia

Valerian for insomnia

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The mild sedative effects of valerian have been used to promote relaxation and sleep for several millennia. Valerian serves to improve sleep by increasing GABA levels. In fact, lower levels of GABA are found in people with short- and long-term stress and are associated with anxiety and poor sleep quality. A meta-analysis of 16 studies and 1,093 people found that valerian improved sleep speed, depth and overall sleep quality. &nbsp;<a href="https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0002934306002750" target="_blank" data-ref="Redirecting" rel="noopener">[ref. 6]</a>&nbsp;

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Valerenoic acid, which is a component of valerian root, has a positive impact on GABA, which is one of the main sedative neurotransmitters. It is associated with improved mood, a sense of calm, improved sleep, help relieve PMS and focus.&nbsp;

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Due to the content of such acids, the main benefit of Valeriana officinalis is the promotion of natural sleep after a few weeks of use, without the risk of dependence or negative health effects. When used correctly, it can serve as a more gentle alternative to common insomnia medications that cause known side effects.&nbsp;

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Valerian for menopausal symptoms 

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In a study of 100 postmenopausal women with sleep disorders, valerian root significantly improved sleep quality after 4 weeks. In another 3-month study of 60 postmenopausal women, valerian was found to significantly improve the severity and frequency of hot flashes in women. 7

Maintaining-serotonin-and-norepinephrine-levels

Maintaining serotonin and norepinephrine levels

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One study found that valerian reduced stress in mice by helping maintain serotonin and norepinephrine in two specific areas of the brain that have been linked to fear and anxiety — the hippocampus and amygdala. The presence of these two neurotransmitters helps to calm excessive activity in the hippocampus/amygdala. However, it is unclear whether the same action is being implemented in humans.

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Valerian for anxiety and depression 

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One study of 2,462 adults with major depressive disorder and anxiety found that high doses of valerian (1,000 mg/day) taken in combination with St. John's wort (bell, cut bile, cut) (600 mg/day) for 6 weeks reduced symptoms of anxiety and depression by 66%. &nbsp;<a href="https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0944711304703487" target="_blank" data-ref="Redirecting" rel="noopener">[ref. 7]</a>&nbsp;

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Preliminary studies suggest that valeric acid may again be the key element that helps reduce anxiety. In a few limited studies, this acid not only showed anti-stress effects, but also did not bind to benzodiazepine receptors in the brain. Studies have shown that these receptors may be responsible for benzodiazepine addiction. However, further studies are needed to clarify the potential benefits of valerian for anxiety and anxiety.

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Valerian in ADHD 

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GABA deficiency has a role in anxiety, anxiety, and obsessive behavior, and these are symptoms commonly seen with ADHD.

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In one study of 30 children aged 5 to 11, valerian (taken 3 times a day for 2 weeks) improved symptoms of ADHD (prolonged inattention and impulsivity and/or hyperactivity). These positive effects disappear a week after discontinuation of the use of valerian.

As one of the most well-known herbal remedies for anxiety, people around the world use valerian to combat insomnia, anxiety, stress, and other health problems. Some of these effects are due to the beneficial components contained in valerian, which can be used in the form of powdered extracts, capsules, dried herb and others.&nbsp;

passiflora alata

9 Symptoms of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)

7 Health Benefits of Valerian Root + Recipes

Health benefits of Lavender (Lavandula angustifolia) as a therapeutic agent

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