Anise (; Pimpinella anisum), also called aniseed or rarely anix, is a flowering plant in the family Apiaceae native to the eastern Mediterranean region and Southwest Asia.The flavor and aroma of its seeds have similarities with some other spices, such as star anise, fennel, and liquorice. It is widely cultivated and used to flavor food and alcoholic drinks, especially around the Mediterranean.

The name 'anise' is derived via Old French from the Latin word, anisum, or Greek, anison, referring to dill. ...

pimpinella anisum

The-most-popular-herbal-liqueurs-in-the-world

The most popular herbal liqueurs in the world

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Liquore-alla-liquirizia-/CALABRIA,-ITALY/

Liquore alla liquirizia /CALABRIA, ITALY/ 

Liquore-alla-liquirizia-/CALABRIA,-ITALY/_0_0

This licorice liqueur (Glycyrrhiza glabra) is traditionally associated with Calabria (Italy), which is well known for its licorice root. [&nbsp;<a href="https://www.herbal-organic.com/bg/herb/14527" target="_blank" data-ref="Glycyrrhiza" rel="noopener">[ref. 1]</a>&nbsp;] Liqueur is made of pure licorice and neutral alcohol. The combination is sweetened and filtered, the result being a dark liqueur with a characteristic bitter-sweet taste and aroma.

Liquore-alla-liquirizia-/CALABRIA,-ITALY/_0_1

Traditionally, this liqueur is used as a digestif. It can be made at home, but there are also industrially produced versions. This liqueur should always be served well chilled, clean or with ice cubes. It is also a good ingredient for making cocktails.

Suze-/THUIR,-FRANCE/

Suze /THUIR, FRANCE/ 

Suze-/THUIR,-FRANCE/_0_0

Suze-/THUIR,-FRANCE/_0_1

Originally launched in 1889, Suze&nbsp;is a French liqueur invention of Fernando Muro, who originally produced it in the municipality of Maisons-Alfort. He decided to distill the roots of the wild&nbsp; tint (Gentiana punctata), along with a secret combination of other herbs and spices, to create this complex aperitif, which is characterized by floral, bitter and slightly spicy flavors.

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While the dominant aroma is given with pureed tinted roots, the drink also brings subtle earthy notes of citrus, vanilla [&nbsp;<a href="https://www.herbal-organic.com/bg/herb/14437" target="_blank" data-ref="Vanilla" rel="noopener">[ref. 2]</a>&nbsp;],&nbsp; apricots (Prunus armeniaca) and caramel. Seuss is usually served cold, as a long drink, when usually combined with tonic or orange juice.

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Centerba-/ABRUZZO,-ITALY/

Centerba /ABRUZZO, ITALY/

Centerba-/ABRUZZO,-ITALY/_0_0

"Centerba" is distilled from different plants native to the Alpine regions of Abruzzi, Italy. The name suggests that 100 herbs are needed to produce this greenish mixture, but manufacturers keep the ingredients a closely guarded secret.

Centerba-/ABRUZZO,-ITALY/_0_1

The most powerful of all Italian liqueurs, "Centerba" was originally made of herbalists as a dijestif. True to Abruzzi's taste, "the more spicy, the better," Centerba creates such a strong hot sensation in the throat that it may seem to be seasoned with peperoncino.

Centerba-/ABRUZZO,-ITALY/_0_2

The liqueur itself is available in a bottle in an attractive straw basket.

Amargo-Obrero-/ROSARIO,-ARGENTINA/

Amargo Obrero /ROSARIO, ARGENTINA/

Amargo-Obrero-/ROSARIO,-ARGENTINA/_0_0

"Amargo Obrero" is a dark brown bitter characterized by its herbal, almost licorice-like taste. It was originally established in 1887 as a response to the preference for sugary drinks of the higher classes, and has since been known as an aperitif of the Argentinian people and a drink of the working class.

Amargo-Obrero-/ROSARIO,-ARGENTINA/_0_1

Although it can be consumed on its own, "Amargo Obrero"&nbsp; is usually used in mixed drinks. While the standard for it includes a combination with a tonic, other suggestions include grapefruit juice, Coca-Cola or carbonated water. The drink is bottled at 19.9% ABV (alcohol by volume).

Herbsaint-/NEW-ORLEANS,-UNITED-STATES-OF-AMERICA/

Herbsaint /NEW ORLEANS, UNITED STATES OF AMERICA/ 

Herbsaint-/NEW-ORLEANS,-UNITED-STATES-OF-AMERICA/_0_0

Herbsaint is an anise-flavored liqueur that originates in New Orleans. It was created in 1934 by J. M. Legendre, a Pharmacist from New Orleans who freely modeled the drink on absinthe, which was banned in the United States at the time. Liqueur is green and herbaceous in taste and aroma, with dominant notes of anise (Pimpinella anisum) and licorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra). [&nbsp;<a href="https://www.herbal-organic.com/bg/herb/15758" target="_blank" data-ref="Pimpinella anisum" rel="noopener">[ref. 3]</a>&nbsp;]

Herbsaint-/NEW-ORLEANS,-UNITED-STATES-OF-AMERICA/_0_1

The original recipe was changed in the 1970s, but the current owner re-introduced the creator's original in 2010. Unlike absinthe, this liqueur does not contain wormwood and has more to do with French pastis. [&nbsp;<a href="https://www.herbal-organic.com/bg/herb/15289" target="_blank" data-ref="Artemisia absinthium" rel="noopener">[ref. 4]</a>&nbsp;]

Hierbas-ibicencas-/IBIZA,-SPAIN/

Hierbas ibicencas /IBIZA, SPAIN/

Hierbas-ibicencas-/IBIZA,-SPAIN/_0_0

"Hierbas ibicencas" are liqueurs for Ibiza (Spain), made with various herbs that are soaked in anise-based alcohol. This liqueur has a long tradition on the island, and although it is produced on an industrial scale, many locals use their traditional family recipes and use native Mediterranean plants to make homemade versions of the drink.

Hierbas-ibicencas-/IBIZA,-SPAIN/_0_1

A bottle of this liqueur can include a dozen different flavors. Standard options include chamomile (Matricaria)&nbsp; [&nbsp;<a href="https://www.herbal-organic.com/bg/herb/14896" target="_blank" data-ref="Matricaria" rel="noopener">[ref. 5]</a> ], laurel tree [&nbsp;<a href="https://www.herbal-organic.com/bg/herb/15270" target="_blank" data-ref="Laurus nobilis" rel="noopener">[ref. 6]</a> ], rosemary (Rosmarinus) [&nbsp;<a href="https://www.herbal-organic.com/bg/herb/14703" target="_blank" data-ref="Rosmarinus" rel="noopener">[ref. 7]</a> ], thymus [&nbsp;<a href="https://www.herbal-organic.com/bg/herb/14334" target="_blank" data-ref="Thymus" rel="noopener">[ref. 8]</a> ], lavender (Lavandula) [&nbsp;<a href="https://www.herbal-organic.com/bg/herb/14546" target="_blank" data-ref="Lavandula" rel="noopener">[ref. 9]</a> ],&nbsp; dill (Anethum) [&nbsp;<a href="https://www.herbal-organic.com/bg/herb/15577" target="_blank" data-ref="Anethum" rel="noopener">[ref. 10]</a> ], sage (Salvia Officinalis) [&nbsp;<a href="https://www.herbal-organic.com/bg/herb/14411" target="_blank" data-ref="Salvia officinalis" rel="noopener">[ref. 11]</a> ] and others. The drink is best taken as a digestif.

Hierbas-ibicencas-/IBIZA,-SPAIN/_0_2

Herbero-/VALENCIAN-COMMUNITY,-SPAIN/

Herbero /VALENCIAN COMMUNITY, SPAIN/ 

Herbero-/VALENCIAN-COMMUNITY,-SPAIN/_0_0

Herbero is a Spanish liqueur originating in valencia's Serra de Mariola mountain range. Officially called "Herbero de la Serra de Mariola", this herbal liqueur is made of anise and various mountain herbs. The drink can be distilled or macerated (made by infusion with other herbs in vegetable oil).

Herbero-/VALENCIAN-COMMUNITY,-SPAIN/_0_1

Along with anise, it is usually made with a selection of local herbs such as sage, chamomile, mint, dill, anise, lavender, thyme and much more. "Herbero" can vary in color, from saturated yellow-green to amber. It has herbal aromas and taste, with a distinctive note of anise.

Elixir-d'Anvers-/ANTWERP,-BELGIUM/

Elixir d'Anvers /ANTWERP, BELGIUM/

Elixir-d'Anvers-/ANTWERP,-BELGIUM/_0_0

"Elixir d'Anvers" is an herbal liqueur from Antwerp. The exact recipe is a closely guarded secret, but is said to include more than thirty plants. After soaking and distillation matures in oak barrels. The result is a dark yellow liqueur of a distinctive herbal character.

Elixir-d'Anvers-/ANTWERP,-BELGIUM/_0_1

"Elixir d'Anvers" dates back to 1863, when it was developed by Fran&ccedil;ois-Xavier de Beukelaer. He spent years perfecting the recipe until he achieved the desired result and created the perfect formula. The drink is still produced in the distillery de Beukelaer. The elixir can be consumed clean or with an appropriate amount of ice.

Many countries have great herbal liqueurs, including Italy, France, USA, Spain and Belgium. There are more places where interesting recipes for local herbal liqueurs can be found, so we will continue the selection very soon and again only in our portal Sanat.io.

The world's most popular herbal liqueurs [ranking part 1]

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Бетина Цветкова

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Author: Sylvia Marinova, PhD student in the "Genomic Stability" lab at BAS

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Anise is an integral part of so many traditional drinks, that it is very likely that you have already encountered it, be it in our mastic, the Greek ouso, the Italian sambuca, the Turkish brandy (interestingly, like its name, this drink is obtained in a similar way to grape brandy, but anise is added in the fermentation of fruits) or simply at the end of a heavy evening with the high-alcohol absinthe. But you may not remeber the later very well.

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Of course, in addition to the popularity of the herb for the making of alcoholic products, it deserves a lot of attention, too, because of its healing properties - which is why it is also the subject of this article. The anise and its applications are among the most well-known in traditional medicine of many cultures. In ancient Rome, for example, the herb was mainly used as a means of aiding digestion, and the ancient Greeks recommended it in the treatment of cough. In the text we will get to know in more detail the origin, biological features, chemical composition and applications of anise.

Botanical-description

Botanical description

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The most popular variety of anise, which is used for healing purposes, is the plant with the Latin name Pimpinella anisum. It belongs to the Apiaceae family, just like its close relative fennel.

Botanical-description_0_1

More read in the article <a href="/p/riezienie_niepoznatata_bilka_za_plosk_koriem" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer"> Fennel - The Unknown Herb for a Flat Stomach</a>.

Botanical-description_0_2

Famous representatives of this family are also dill, parsley, carrots, celery,etc. Not to be confused with star anise (Illicium verum), which is an evergreen shrub or tree and is known as one of the aromatic spices for mulled wine. Despite the similar name and taste, star anise belongs to another plant family.

Botanical-description_0_3

Anise is a herbaceous plant, reaching a height of between 30 and 50 cm, with white flowers and small yellowish seeds. Today, anise is found in the Mediterranean, in Spain, the Middle East, Egypt, Mexico and is cultivated mainly because of its seeds.

Chemical-composition

Chemical composition

Chemical-composition_1_0

Chemical-composition_1_1

Anise seeds are very rich in essential oil, its main component being trans-anethol, but also it has dianthol,&nbsp; anisaldehyde, etc. <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3405664/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">[ref.1]</a>.

Anise-has-antibacterial-and-antifungal-properties

Anise has antibacterial and antifungal properties

Anise-has-antibacterial-and-antifungal-properties_2_0

Laboratory studies have shown that aqueous and methanol extract of anise seeds have antibacterial action and inhibit the growth of several bacterial strains&nbsp;- Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, Escherchia coli, and Klebsiella pneumoniae <a href="https://pdfs.nutramedix.ec/Pimpinella%20anisum%20-%20Antibacterial.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noopener">[ref.2]</a>. There are other studies that explore and show this effect on other bacterial species.

Anise-has-antibacterial-and-antifungal-properties_2_1

Besides antibacterial action, in the scientific literature there are also described data <a href="https://www.bioseek.eu/bg/bul/research/pubmed/Antifungal_activity_of_fluid_extract_and_essential_oil_from_anise_fruits_Pimpinella_anisum_L_Apiaceae_16375827" target="_blank" rel="noopener">&nbsp; [ref.3]</a>. Suppressing the growth of the fungus Candida albicansis the aqueous extract of anise seeds, while essential oil has a stronger effect against fungi of thegenus dermatophytes.&nbsp;The latter cause superficial inflammation of the skin, hair and nails.

Anticonvulsant-properties-of-anise

Anticonvulsant properties of anise

Anticonvulsant-properties-of-anise_3_0

As amazing as it sounds, Pythagoras was convinced that anise treated epilepsy and prescribed it against such seizures. As of today there are already scientific reports on the same effect. For example, in 1999, a study was carried out studying the ability of anise essential oil applied at different doses to mice to block artificially stimulated <a href="https://www.bioseek.eu/bg/bul/research/pubmed/The_fruit_essential_oil_of_Pimpinella_anisum_exerts_anticonvulsant_effects_in_mice_10433480" target="_blank" rel="noopener">[ref.4]</a>. In 2008, Janachmadi and a collective proposed a mechanism of action according to which anise oil affects the way nerve impulses are transmitted <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18852037/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">[ref.5]</a>.

Anise-affects-the-digestive-system

Anise affects the digestive system

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One of the most famous properties of anise is its action on the gastrointestinal system. Besides its beneficial effect on digestion, it has a superb taste and is preferred for seasoning fish and seafood in the Mediterranean, as well as for making&nbsp; sweets.

Anise-affects-the-digestive-system_4_2

Some studies have shown that aqueous anise extract significantly reduces lesions on the gastric mucosa in experimental rats, on which the production of ulcer<a href="https://www.bioseek.eu/bg/bul/research/pubmed/Aqueous_suspension_of_anise_Pimpinella_anisum_protects_rats_against_chemically_induced_gastric_ulcers_17373749" target="_blank" rel="noopener"></a>is stimulated by chemicals &nbsp;<a href="https://www.bioseek.eu/bg/bul/research/pubmed/Aqueous_suspension_of_anise_Pimpinella_anisum_protects_rats_against_chemically_induced_gastric_ulcers_17373749" target="_blank" rel="noopener">[ref.6] </a>.

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In addition, anise is believed to favorably affect constipation as well as bloating caused by excess gas. For this reason, aniseed drinks are often classified as so-called digestive drink.

Anise-as-an-antispasmodic

Anise as an antispasmodic

Anise-as-an-antispasmodic_5_0

Another well-known action of the herb is myorelaxant ( relaxes muscles). A study published in 2007 showed the antispasmodic effect of the water-alcohol solution of anise on the smooth musculature of laboratory rats <a href="https://www.bioseek.eu/bg/bul/research/pubmed/Antispasmodic_and_relaxant_effects_of_the_hidroalcoholic_extract_of_Pimpinella_anisum_Apiaceae_on_rat_anococcygeus_smooth_muscle_17027208" target="_blank" rel="noopener">[ref.7]</a> and justified this use in folk medicine.

Anise-for-the-treatment-of-cough

Anise for the treatment of cough

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Anise from antiquity is used in diseases of the respiratory system. The reason is that the herb has an expectorant effect, which is due to a reflective increase in bronchial secretion.&nbsp;In addition, it stimulates the respiratory center in the brain and thus aids breathing.

Other-anise-actions

Other anise actions

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Other applications of anise are:

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<ul>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">stimulates the secretion of mammary glands</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">relieves menopause symptoms</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">reduces menstrual pain</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">antioxidant action</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">insecticidal effect</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">antiviral effect</li>
</ul>

How-to-consume-it

How to consume it

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Besides being a digestive drink , we can also make a decoction of anise seeds:

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To do this, steam a teaspoon of crushed anise seeds for 15 minutes in boiling water.

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Another application of anise is in culinary. It is a great spice for many dishes such as fish, meat, salad or for pastries, breads and tortillas. It combines well with nutmeg, cinnamon, black pepper, ginger, etc.

Contraindications

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In pregnancy, consumption should be limited to normal dietary amounts. Taking supplements and decoctions, however, is not recommended.

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In hormonally dependent diseases such as breast, ovarian or uterine cancer, endometriosis and others, it is contraindicated to take anise.

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Some ingredients of anise are potentially allergenic. Do not consume it if you have an allergy to other plants of the same family as dill and parsley.

Anise - The Summer Taste of an Ancient Herb

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 Anise - The Summer Taste of an Ancient Herb

Силвия Маринова

Author: Rositsa Tashkova, Master of Molecular Biology and Microbiology

In these troubled pandemic times, many people resort to self-treatment with home remedies and herbs. This is not recommended by doctors, but it is a fact and it is important to understand what the benefits and risks are.

Unfortunately, there are no clinical trials yet on the effectiveness of herbs in the treatment of COVID-19. Therefore, we decided to provide our readers with information about medicinal plants that are reported in the scientific literature that may support symptomatic treatment of influenza and other respiratory infections. We will also identify the potential dangers of using certain medicinal plants in the case of COVID-19.

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According to an overview published in the end of September 2020 in Frontiers in Pharmacology [<a href="https://www.bioseek.eu/en/eng/research/pubmed/covid_19_is_there_evidence_for_the_use_of_herbal_medicines_as_adjuvant_symptomatic_therapy_33071794" target="_blank" rel="noopener">ref.1</a>], the risk assessment was positive for the use of 5of the studied herbs (Althaea officinalis, Commiphora molmol, Glycyrrhiza glabra, Hedera helix and Sambucus nigra) and promising in 12 cases (Allium sativum, Andrographis paniculata, Echinacea angustifolia, Echinacea purpurea, essential oil from&nbsp;Eucalyptus globulus, Justicia pectoralis, Magnolia officinalis, Mikania glomerata, Pelargonium sidoides, Pimpinella anisum, Salix sp, Zingiber officinale).

Marshmallow-(Althaea-officinalis)

Marshmallow (Althaea officinalis)

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Marshmallow herb can suppress cough and reduce irritation through anti-inflammatory and soothing effects on the respiratory tract.

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Traditionally the herb is used in the treatment of colds and symptoms associated with upper respiratory tract infection. Data on the administration of marshmallow lead to the conclusion that it can alleviate the early symptoms of COVID-19.

Marshmallow-(Althaea-officinalis)_0_2

No serious side effects have been reported from taking this herbal remedy, it has high safety profile.

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How it is prepared: 0.5–5 g in 150 ml of water as an infusion, three times a day. Marshmallow root syrup is also a common preparation in a daily dose of 2-8 ml.

Marshmallow-(Althaea-officinalis)_0_5

What it contains: polysaccharides (they are responsible for the mucus consistency of the extract) - galacturonormanans, arabins, glucans; flavonoids (e.g. kaempferol); phenolic acids; coumarin (scopoletin); tannins.

Marshmallow-(Althaea-officinalis)_0_6

Special requirements for use: the absorption of other medicines taken simultaneously with marshmallow may be delayed due to the presence of mucilage in the herb extract. As a precautionary measure, all preparations with marshmallow should be taken at least 30 minutes to 1 hour before or after taking other medicines, minerals or vitamins.

Myrrh-(Commiphora-molmol)

Myrrh (Commiphora molmol)

Myrrh-(Commiphora-molmol)_1_0

It is synonymous with Commiphora myrrha, African myrrh, herabol myrrh, Somali myrrhor, common myrrh, or gum myrrh. Myrrh preparations appear to have a supportive effect as a painkiller and to relieve respiratory symptoms. However, their effect appears after a few weeks, thus exceeding the normal, uncomplicated development of COVID-19. It contains sesquiterpenes.

Myrrh-(Commiphora-molmol)_1_1

No serious safety concerns have been reported for this herb and it can be assessed as highly safe.

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How it is prepared: it is preferable to use a commercial preparation of a certain composition, such as tincture (0.5–5 ml in 150 ml of water for rinsing or gargling three times a day).

Myrrh-(Commiphora-molmol)_1_4

Special requirements for use: due to the uterine-stimulating effect, products containing myrrh resin should be avoided during pregnancy and lactation. Simultaneous use of myrrh with theophylline (dimethylxanthine, which is used in the treatment of asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease) or cyclosporin A (immunosuppressive drug) should be avoided.

Licorice-(Glycyrrhiza-glabra)

Licorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra)

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Liquorice can be useful for relieving respiratory symptoms, having a soothing&nbsp; effect on the respiratory tract - against cough and sore throat.

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The safety of the herb can be assessed as high, although it should be avoided by some risk groups. Patients suffering from hypertension (high blood pressure), kidney disease, liver or cardiovascular disorders or hypokalaemia (low levels of potassium in the blood) should avoid taking licorice. Short-term use seems safe for patients without serious illnesses.

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How it is prepared: 1.5 g roots in 150 ml, take the herbal decoction twice a day.

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What it contains: saponins (glycyrrhizin); triterpenes (glycyrrhetinic acid); flavonoids; coumarins; essential oil.

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Common-ivy-(Hedera-helix)

Common ivy (Hedera helix)

Common-ivy-(Hedera-helix)_3_0

Preparations containing ivy extract can be useful for symptomatic relief of respiratory diseases by its expectorant and anti-inflammatory effect on the respiratory tract.

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In many countries, licensed preparations are regulated for use in children. Safety of medicines containing ivy can be assessed as high, since side effects have only been observed with overdose - nausea, vomiting and diarrhea. There is no evidence of interactions with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (ibuprofen, aspirin, etc.)

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How to use: a pharmaceutical preparation with a certain chemical profile and an adequate dose should be used. Common ivy is poisonous!

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What it contains: flavonoids and other phenols; polyacetylenes; saponins and essential oils (β-caryophyllene, germacrene D, lemon, α- and β-pinene and sabinene as main components).

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Elderberry-(Sambucus-nigra)

Elderberry (Sambucus nigra)

Elderberry-(Sambucus-nigra)_4_0

Black elderberry is also known as elder, black elder, European elder, European elderberry, and European black elderberry. The dried flowers of the plant can alleviate conditions such as fever and inflammation of the respiratory tract, to relieve the symptoms of cold and flu, to relieve headaches and as an expectorant. Elderberry has anti-inflammatory and antipyretic (lowers fever) effects.

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Clinical evidence is good and it is considered that this herbal remedy has a high level of safety.

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How to use: 2–5 g of dried flowers in 150 ml as an infusion, 2-3 times a day. Or 3–6 g of dried flowers in 150 ml as a decoction, 2-3 times a day.

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What it contains: flavonoids such as kaempferol, astragalin, quercetin, rutin; triterpenes (α- and β-amyrin, ursolic acid, oleanolic acid); sterols (β-sitosterol, campesterol, stigmasterol); phenolic acids and their corresponding glycosides (chlorogenic, ferulic, caffeic and p-coumaric acids); and essential oil.

pimpinella anisum

Anise - The Summer Taste of an Ancient Herb

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