Plantago major, the broadleaf plantain, white man's foot, or greater plantain, is a species of flowering plant in the plantain family Plantaginaceae. The plant is native to most of Europe and northern and central Asia, but has widely naturalised elsewhere in the world.The young, tender leaves can be eaten raw, and the older, stringier leaves can be boiled in stews and eaten. Broadleaf plantain is not related to the fruit also known as plantain, which is a kind of banana.

plantago major

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Our country is known for hundreds of famous individuals who have worked for the enlightenment of the people, for the preservation of our spirit and our language and alphabet. But besides educators and scholars, we also have remarkable medical professionals and doctors. Some of them honor folk medicine and herbal treatment as means of healing and treatment. One of those people we have introduced you with recently - Petar Dimkov the Healer. Besides being known for his wise words about kindness and happiness, Petar Dimkov is faithful to the means of folk medicine, with which he heals thousands of people. In this article we will explain why we call him the Healer and who are his twelve golden herbs for treating&nbsp;numerous ailments and conditions.

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Who-is-Petar-Dimkov

Who is Petar Dimkov

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Born in 1886, Petar Dimkov is the child of a priest and healer. It is his mother who is the main inspiration for the future healer. In his book "Bulgarian Folk Medicine" Petar Dimkov shares that his mother Ekaterina Dimkova was the person who tirelessly sought, recorded and stored folk recipes for natural treatment. He received her recipe collection at the age of 14, and then his life became a string of surprising and challenging events.

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Military school in Russia, participation in three wars, serious merit for the construction of the Asparuhov shaft, construction of the Arch and Park Musem "Vladislav Varnenchik" in Varna, these are part of his valuable contributions. But all the time there is one thing that guides his path, and this is the attraction to the healing tools of folk medicine.

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Continuing the path of his family, Petar Dimkov devoted a huge part of his life to studying herbs, discovering and collecting recipes, improving and testing them. He was one of the first brave adherents of the environmentally friendly way of life, always calling for moderation in everything, practicing self-control and self-suggestion, preserving the health and purity of the soul through inquisitiveness and kindness. Because according to the Healer, "Kindness is a precious health" and "The joyful one does not suffer."

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According to unofficial data, after censoring his book "Handbook on Natural Healing and Living" and despite the ban on practicing, Petar Dimkov saved the lives of more than one&nbsp;hundred thousand people. And if this is not an example of dedication, then what else?

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Petar Dimkov ranks 67-th in the guide "The 100 Most Influential Bulgarians in Our History" published by Prof. Dr. Andrey Pantev and Borislav Gavrilov [ref. 1]. Whether <a href="/p/rietsieptitie_na_pietr_dimkov_liechitielia_nauchien_prochit_chast_1" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer"></a>this place is too low for him or rather high you will be able to judge for yourself if you become acquainted with his work and life path. We actually share his story in <a href="../p/rietsieptitie_na_pietr_dimkov_liechitielia_nauchien_prochit_chast_1" target="_blank" rel="noopener">The recipes of Petar Dimkov the Healer - scientific reading (part 1),</a> where we also speak about the tribulations in the healer's life and the fact that he never loses hope, he is always ready to help his fellow siblings even in wartime, and most importantly, that he leaves us abundant national wealth in the form of numerous recipes for folk medicine and tried-and-tested advice on good health.

The-Healer's-Twelve-Golden-Herbs---part-2

The Healer's Twelve Golden Herbs - part 2

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"Bulgarian Folk Medicine. Volume 1-3. Natural treatment and natural life in three volumes", "500 herbs for 50 diseases. Book 1: Petar Dimkov's Recipes for Cancer", "Eye Diagnosis" are among the most famous books of the Healer. And this nickname is received because from the beginning he helps people and treats them selflessly, without any payment.

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Inside the works of Petar Dimkov can be found thousands of pages with recipes for abscesses, atherosclerosis, Bazedova disease, blood and tooth diseases, insomnia, trivial cough and cold, constipation, erythema lupus, epilepsy, even leukemia and hundreds more health disorders.

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At the heart of the herbal treatment administered by Petar Dimkov the Healer are carefully collected, stored and applied herbs. Only natural means and methods of preparation such as baths, massage techniques, compression therapy and others are used, combined with moderate nutrition, physical activity and work on a subconscious level.

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As golden herbs, twelve different medicinal plants stand out in the recipes, which possess numerous beneficial properties. In the first part we talked about Agrimonia eupatoria, Pine Tips (Pinus sylvestris L.), Easter ("chief healer") (Veronica, plantaginaceae family), Nettle leaf (Urtica Dioica), St. John's Wort (Hypericum perforatum) and Yellow yarrow (Achillea clypeolata). And today we continue with the presentation and analysis of the scientifically proven benefits of the remaining six herbs, which are:

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<ol>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Plantago major L. is used in folk medicine worldwide, not only in our country. [ref. 2] The leaves of the plant contain valuable polyphenol compounds, [ref. 3] which contribute to improving digestion, brain function and blood sugar levels. This plant contains a number of effective chemical ingredients, including flavonoids, alkaloids, terpenoids, phenolic acid derivatives, iridoid glycosides, fatty acids, polysaccharides and vitamins. [ref. 4] Besides all this, it turns out that Plantago major protects the liver from damage - it has a well-known and proven hepatoprotective, effect as well as anti-inflammatory action in the body [ref. 5].&nbsp;</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Raspberry leaves (Rubus idaeus L.) - raspberries are a source of ellagic acid, its 4-Arabinozide, 4' (4' '-acetyl) arabinoside and 4' (4' '-acetyl)xyloside, as well as quercetin and kempferol 3-glucosides. All listed ingredients are antioxidant compounds that can destroy free radicals. Red raspberry (Rubus idaeus L.) has been shown to reduce oxidative stress in obese diabetic mice, which is probably due to the polyphenols and fiber contained in the raspberries. [ref. 6] The bioactive potential of red raspberry has also been studied for its cytotoxic and cytoprotective activity on larynx carcinoma and colon adenocarcinoma in humans. The results are part of the scientific publication <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22082102/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">The bioactive potential of red raspberry (Rubus idaeus L.) in exhibiting cytotoxic and cytoprotective activity on human laryngeal carcinoma and colon adenocarcinoma</a>. [ref. 7] Raspberry is part of the Healer's recipes for constipation, angina and pharyngitis, dysentery and more. <img class="tinyMCEImg" src="https://d20hztklr4qnvi.cloudfront.net/63e4917b-b50d-427e-bb86-a66fad9b04da_middle.jpg" border="0" alt=""></li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Forest strawberry leaves (Fragaria vesca L.) - Fragaria vesca (wild strawberry) belongs to the Rose flower family. Plants of this family contain flavonoids, tannins, volatile oils, methyl salisilate and borneol. Fruits contain salicylic acid and are useful in the treatment of liver and kidney diseases, as well as in the treatment of rheumatism and gout [ref. 8, 9] Forest strawberries also have antioxidant, antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties, making them great allies of our immunity. The Healer recommends strawberries as part of a special decoction for quitting smoking, for itching of the external genital organs [by oral intake of a mixture of agrimony, pine tips, deciduous plantain (leaves), forest strawberry leaves, lemon balm, marigold (leaves and color) and Alchemilla vulgaris] and many more. [ref.9]<img class="tinyMCEImg" src="https://d20hztklr4qnvi.cloudfront.net/ef30d425-5731-42ee-880b-c444912fab3b_middle.jpg" border="0" alt=""></li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Galium Odoratum- this beautiful flowering perennial plant of the Rubiaceae family besides beauty, also holds useful substances. The plant contains coumarin (0,4-1%), asperulosid (0,05-0,3%), monotropein (0,04%), tanins, iridoids, anthraquinones, flavonoids and traces of nicotinic acid. These active compounds help relieve burns and heal wounds faster and have an antioxidant effect. [ref. 10] Phenolic acids, flavonols (derivatives of querercetin and kaempferol) and iridoids are the main compounds of G. odoratum extract, which affect the expression of virulence factors and the formation of biofilm by the uropathogenic Escherichia coli. In other words, the extract of Galium Odoratum can be used in the prevention of urinary tract infections - it is also found in such recipes of the Healer, as well as in recipes for breast cancer, chronic constipation and belching, muscle spasms and other problems. [ref. 9]<img class="tinyMCEImg" src="https://d20hztklr4qnvi.cloudfront.net/a288ec92-908e-4043-9ac9-5a90e398495b_middle.jpg" border="0" alt=""></li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Walnut leaf (Juglans Regia) - walnut is a medicinal plant with many beneficial properties and great therapeutic potential in traditional medicine. In addition to having high antioxidant levels, walnuts are a source of many chemical compounds such as ascorbic acid, flavonoids, querercetin and caffeic acid. Walnuts are also rich in nutrients - they are high in fats, proteins, vitamins and minerals. They are also a good source of flavonoids, sterols, phenolic acids and related polyphenols. [ref. 11] Juglans regia leaves are mostly used in traditional medicines worldwide such as antimicrobial, antihelmintic, keratolytic, antidiarrheal, hypoglycemic, depurative, tonic agents. [ref. 12] As far as the Healer's recipes, walnuts are used for complete balanced nutrition, used in the raw eating diet he encourages, and the leaves are recommended to the liver, cardiac and kidney patients as part of baths or decoctions. The use of walnut leaves is also found as part of tinctures for healing cracked and broken bone, treatment of moles, wrinkles on the face, etc. [ref. 9]</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Grains of red juniper (Juniperus oxycedrus) - grains of Juniperus oxycedrus contain flavonoids, flavones, terpenoids, monoterpenoids, sesquiterpenoids, volatile oils and are being used for digestive problems, including upset stomach, intestinal gases (flatulence), heartburn, bloating and loss of appetite, as well as gastrointestinal infections [ref. 13]. They are also used in urinary tract infections and kidney and bladder stones due to their proven antimicrobial, hypotensive, cytotoxic, antioxidant, hypoglycemic, analgesic, anti-inflammatory and relaxing smooth muscle effects [ref. 13, 14, 15] Petar Dimkov includes red juniper in herbal recipes for jaundice, cirrhosis of the liver, paralysis of limbs, destruction of hip joints, blisters, kidney or adrenal glands tumors, muscle spasms and other conditions.<img class="tinyMCEImg" src="https://d20hztklr4qnvi.cloudfront.net/f5219519-59ea-47e4-834d-c14a12782331_middle.jpg" border="0" alt=""></li>
</ol>

The-Healer's-Twelve-Golden-Herbs---part-2_1_6

The Healer gives us so much knowledge and value, which can help us make our lives more harmonious, and our health more resilient and sustainable. And not only that - numerous scientific publications support the usefulness of the herbs with which the Healer has treated people, and we can also use in the same way. We believe in the power of folk medicine, which people have practiced for centuries and believed to be helpful for a huge number of health problems. We also believe that Petar Dimkov's knowledge should reach more people through his work and recipes, especially at a time of pandemic and searching for opportunities to improve everyone's health.

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"Our ancestors have not left us many monuments for the treatment of their disabilities, therefore the present generation has a sacred obligation to collect the remnants of our folk medicine, for if it does not happen now, everything will spill and disappear without a trace."

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Prof. Stefan Vatev, M.D.

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(1866-1946)

"Pure thoughts, pure mind, good intentions" - this counsels us wisely the Healer, and in these challenging times as if we need to think more about who we do good to or to whom we have done something bad, how we treat ourselves and our health, do we believe in the power of nature and its healing gifts.

The recipes of Petar Dimkov the Healer - scientific reading (part 2)

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 The recipes of Petar Dimkov the Healer - scientific reading (part 2)

Бетина Цветкова

Author: Rositsa Tashkova, Master of Molecular Biology and Microbiology

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The broadleaf plantain (Plantago major) is best known for its ability to accelerate wound healing. It's also called white man's foot or greater plantain. The plant is widespread in Europe, Asia and America and is often found in gardens and other urban grasslands.

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The plantain is not distinguished by bright colors or large size, but despite its modest appearance, it hides a great healing potential, which extends beyond the treatment of wounds.

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Some of the properties attributed to it by folk medicine have been confirmed by recent research, including:

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<ul>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">wound healing,</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">antipyretic action (to lower fever),</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">cough suppression (antitussive),</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">against infections,</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">anti-haemorrhagic and haemostatic action,</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">anti-inflammatory,</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">diuretic,</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">laxative,</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">astringent.</li>
</ul>

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In this article you will learn more about the traditional use of plantain in Iranian traditional medicine, as well as the modern evidence of its healing properties. The information is taken from the article Plantago major in Traditional Persian Medicine and modern phytotherapy: a narrative review, 2018, Electronic physician [<a href="https://www.bioseek.eu/en/eng/research/pubmed/Plantago_major_in_Traditional_Persian_Medicine_and_modern_phytotherapy_a_narrative_review_29629064" target="_blank" rel="noopener">ref.1</a>].

Plantain-Use-According-to-Iranian-Folk-Medicine

Plantain Use According to Iranian Folk Medicine

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The use of plantain for the treatment of various diseases dates back thousands of years. The earliest known account of the plantain is in "De materia medica", which was written by the Greek pharmaco-botanist Dioscurid in the 1st century (40-90 A.D.). The book is an encyclopedia of herbal treatment and pharmacopoeia from around the world.

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Plantain finds the following applications in Iranian folk medicine:

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<ul>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">In neurological diseases such <a href="/p/iepiliepsiiata_koi_liechiebni_rastieniia_sa_izpolzvani_v_drievna_piersiia_d697132f_9082_456b_ac3a_9019ffa4be12" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">epilepsy</a> or ear pain;</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">In diseases of the eyes;</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Against inflammation in the oral cavity and toothache (gargling and rinsing);</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">In lung diseases such as asthma and tuberculosis;</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">With gastrointestinal problems - bleeding, <a href="/p/profilaktika_klasichiesko_i_bilkovo_liechieniie_na_khiemoroidi_9e58f268_e51f_460a_8c66_6158a6575aac" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">hemorrhoids</a>, stomach ache, <a href="/p/7_bilki_koito_obliekchavat_loshoto_khranosmilanie_i_dispiepsiiata_60bc6c30_0949_4ed7_933c_460f9104d318" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">dyspepsia</a>, constipation;</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">In <a href="/p/chierniiat_drob_nie_boli_koi_bilki_podobriavat_zdravieto_mu_pri_khiepatit_stieatoza_i_tsiroza_ed55df70_c2be_430d_93f0_29a2aece49ff" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">liver</a> and bile disease;</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">In urogenital infections and pain in <a href="/p/kamni_v_bbrietsitie_koi_bilki_priechat_na_obrazuvanieto_im_i_kak_da_sie_khranim" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">the kidneys</a> and bladder;</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">For the treatment of various wounds and burns.</li>
</ul>

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Many of these and other healing properties are also confirmed by modern medicine. You will learn about some of them in the following lines.

Broadleaf-Plantain-and-The-Immune-System

Broadleaf Plantain and The Immune System

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In low concentrations, plantain possesses immunomodulatory activity, increases the number of lymphocytes and the secretion of interferon-γ, but at high concentrations this property can be suppressed.

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Plantain tea can aid the immune system in leukemia and viral infections. [<a href="https://www.bioseek.eu/en/eng/research/pubmed/In_vitro_cytotoxic_antiviral_and_immunomodulatory_effects_of_Plantago_major_and_Plantago_asiatica_12856861" target="_blank" rel="noopener">ref.2</a>]

Plantain-in-Gastrointestinal-Problems

Plantain in Gastrointestinal Problems

Plantain-in-Gastrointestinal-Problems_2_0

The seeds of plantain secrete mucus substances that have a laxative and protective effect for the mucous membrane of the stomach. Seeds are recommended for inflammatory bowel diseases, e.g. ulcerative colitis.

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On the other hand, leaf extract reduces the mobility of the duodenum and has astringent effect.

Plantain-in-Gastrointestinal-Problems_2_2

Plantain-in-Urticaria

Plantain in Urticaria

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Broadleaf plantain contains substances that suppress the production of prostaglandins, the movement of white blood cells and the release of histamine, and this is relevant for the suppression of urticaria.

Antibacterial-and-Antiparasite-Effects-of-Plantain

Antibacterial and Antiparasite Effects of Plantain

Antibacterial-and-Antiparasite-Effects-of-Plantain_4_0

Some types of plantain extracts have shown an effect against the Giardia parasite.

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Plantain extract in ethyl alcohol shows antibacterial activity against the bacteria E. coli and Bacillus cereus, and acetone extract is also effective against Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Klebsiella pneumonia, Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Plantain extract also has good effectiveness against <a href="../../eng/p/home_remedies_for_vaginal_candidiasis" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Candida albicans yeast</a>.

Plantain-Helps-Wound-Healing

Plantain Helps Wound Healing

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Broadleaf plantain is traditionally used to heal wounds. With tissue damage, whether from bacteria, physical trauma, chemical, heat or any other phenomenon, the body reacts with an inflammatory response, which is by its very nature a protective reaction. Inflammation is manifested by redness, fever, edema and pain in the affected tissue.

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Plantain contains polyphenols and in particular plantamajoside, which are considered the main significant compounds for wound healing. For this purpose, aqueous extract of plantain can be used.

Plantain-Helps-Wound-Healing_5_2

Anti-cancer-Properties-of-Plantain

Anti-cancer Properties of Plantain

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Various studies have shown that both spirit and water extracts of plantain possess the property to inhibit the growth of certain cancer cell lines: melanoma (skin cancer), adenocarcinoma of the breast and kidney. [<a href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/311913648_Evaluation_of_In_Vitro_Anticancer_Effect_of_Plantago_major_L_and_Plantago_lanceolata_L_Leaf_Extracts_from_Sivas" target="_blank" rel="noopener">ref.3</a>]

Anti-cancer-Properties-of-Plantain_6_1

According to one of the studies, the greatest potential to inhibit the growth of cancer cells have the seeds of broadleaf plantain, in particular on the following cancer cell lines: MCF-7, MDA-MB-231, HeLaS3, A549 and KB. They also suppress inflammatory cytokines tumornecortising factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin 1β and 6 (IL-1β, IL-6) and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ).

Anti-cancer-Properties-of-Plantain_6_2

Extracts from the roots of the plant exhibit the same properties. However, the scientists who conducted this study offer the seeds of broadleaf plantain as a source of new drugs against oncological and inflammatory diseases. [<a href="https://www.bioseek.eu/en/eng/research/pubmed/Effects_of_Plantago_major_Extracts_and_Its_Chemical_Compounds_on_Proliferation_of_Cancer_Cells_and_Cytokines_Production_of_Lipopolysaccharide_activated_THP_1_Macrophages_28839362" target="_blank" rel="noopener">ref.4</a>]

Q&amp;A

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What side effects can the intake of broadleaf plantain have?

Q&amp;A_7_1

In general, plantain is considered a safe herb, but an overdose can lead to anaphylaxis (suffocation due to an allergic reaction). In milder cases of side effects, vomiting, nausea, diarrhea, anorexia, bloating, hypersensitivity or dermatitis may be observed.

Q&amp;A_7_2

How is broadleaf plantain used?

Q&amp;A_7_3

The usual dose is 3–5 grams of the powdered herb 1–3 times a day, but the most common dose in the form of tea (infusion) is 150 ml 3–4 times a day.

The Broadleaf Plantain: A Modest Plant with Great Healing Potential

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 The Broadleaf Plantain: A Modest Plant with Great Healing Potential

Rositsa Tashkova-Kacharova

Cancer is extremely prevalent and is one of the leading causes of death in the world. The most common treatments are chemotherapy and radiation therapy. But unfortunately, they have many and severe side effects that worsen, albeit temporarily, the quality of life of patients and are a major reason for refusing treatment.

Fortunately, some natural products can alleviate the side effects induced by chemotherapy and radiation therapy:

<ul>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">oral mucositis (inflammation and mouth ulcers),</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">gastrointestinal toxicity (nausea, vomiting),</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">hepatotoxicity (liver),</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">nephrotoxicity (kidneys),</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">damage to the hematopoietic system (blood formation),</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">cardiotoxicity (heart),</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">neurotoxicity (nervous system).</li>
</ul>

In this article, you will find information on the topic based on research. We hope it will be useful for you or your relatives and acquaintances suffering from oncological disease.

Mechanisms-behind-herbs-ability-to-suppress-side-effects

Mechanisms behind herbs ability to suppress side effects

Mechanisms-behind-herbs-ability-to-suppress-side-effects_0_0

Natural products, including raw extracts enriched with bioactive components and pure compounds derived from herbs, as well as herbal formulas, can effectively reduce the strength of chemotherapy and radiation therapy induced side effects mainly due to their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory actions.

Mechanisms-behind-herbs-ability-to-suppress-side-effects_0_1

In addition, certain natural products are able to [<a href="https://www.bioseek.eu/en/eng/research/pubmed/Natural_Product_Interventions_for_Chemotherapy_and_Radiotherapy_Induced_Side_Effects_30459615#B109" target="_blank" rel="noopener">ref.1</a>]:

Mechanisms-behind-herbs-ability-to-suppress-side-effects_0_2

<ul>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">suppress the oral mucositis induced by chemotherapy and radiation therapy by not allowing the occurrence of an infection,</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">mitigate gastrointestinal toxicity by regulating the intestinal microflora,</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">limit liver damage by protecting mitochondria,</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">suppress kidney damage by modulating immunity,</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">reduce damage to the blood-creating process by improving the hematopoietic microenvironment,</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">reduce cardiotoxicity by balancing energy metabolism,</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">prevent neurotoxicity by protecting the nervous system.</li>
</ul>

Mechanisms-behind-herbs-ability-to-suppress-side-effects_0_3

Herbs-against-oral-mucositis

Herbs against oral mucositis

Herbs-against-oral-mucositis_1_0

Oral mucositis is a common negative side effect of chemo and radiation therapy, especially at larger doses or in the treatment of cancerous formations in the head area. It is characterized by edema, soreness and the appearance of ulcers in the mouth, and can alter the course of treatment if it worsens.

Herbs-against-oral-mucositis_1_1

It is due to oxidative stress and inflammation caused by theset herapies.

Herbs-against-oral-mucositis_1_2

Medicinal plants, which are evidenced to help with oral mucositis, are:

Herbs-against-oral-mucositis_1_3

<ul>
<li>Broadleaf plantain (Plantago major) - is effective in the treatment of wounds as it has anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antiviral and antioxidant properties. A randomised triple-blind phase III clinical trial shows that broad-field plantain extract, in combination with sodium bicarbonate (baking soda) solution 5%, can effectively control oral mucositis in cancer patients [<a href="https://www.ejoncologynursing.com/article/S1462-3889(17)30258-2/fulltext" target="_blank" rel="noopener">ref.2</a>].</li>
</ul>

Herbs-against-oral-mucositis_1_4

Herbs-against-oral-mucositis_1_5

<ul>
<li>Chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla) - according to some studies, chamomile extract, used as mouthwash, slows down the appearance of oral mucositis and reduces its strength if it appears. [<a href="https://www.hindawi.com/journals/tswj/2018/4392184/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">ref.3</a>]</li>
<li>Aloe vera - according to some studies, the intake of aloe vera juice or rinsing the mouth with 5 ml of aloe vera solution for two minutes, three times a day, for 14 days [<a href="https://www.bioseek.eu/en/eng/research/pubmed/The_Effect_of_Aloe_Vera_Solution_on_Chemotherapy_Induced_Stomatitis_in_Clients_with_Lymphoma_and_Leukemia_A_Randomized_Controlled_Clinical_Trial_27218109" target="_blank" rel="noopener">ref.5</a>] improves the condition of sufferers of oral mucositis as a result of chemo- or radiation therapy.</li>
<li aria-level="1">Marigold (Calendula officinalis) - there is evidence that calendula extract can prevent or relieve oral mucositis. Probably this is due to the content of the strong antioxidant quercetin in this herb. [<a href="https://www.bioseek.eu/en/eng/research/pubmed/Antioxidant_capacity_of_calendula_officinalis_flowers_extract_and_prevention_of_radiation_induced_oropharyngeal_mucositis_in_patients_with_head_and_neck_cancers_a_randomized_controlled_clinical_study_23497687" target="_blank" rel="noopener">ref.4</a>]</li>
</ul>

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<ul>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Other natural remedies reported to have given positive results are: turmeric (not to be taken in treatment with paclitaxel, since the combination can damage the liver), ginger, mulberry molasses, honey and propolis, but the latter should not be used in severe cases of oral mucositis. [<a href="https://www.bioseek.eu/en/eng/research/pubmed/Natural_Product_Interventions_for_Chemotherapy_and_Radiotherapy_Induced_Side_Effects_30459615#B109" target="_blank" rel="noopener">ref.1</a>]</li>
</ul>

Herbs-against-gastrointestinal-toxicity

Herbs against gastrointestinal toxicity

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The most common manifestations of gastrointestinal toxicity caused by chemotherapy and radiation therapy are nausea, vomiting and diarrhea. One of the causes is the disruption of the balance in the intestinal flora or so-called dysbiosis. There is a deterioration in digestion and absorption of nutrients, as well as inflammation of the esophagus (esophagitis) and intestines (enteropathy).

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There are many studies that have checked the effects of various medicinal plants against the gastrointestinal toxicity of chemo- and radiation therapy. Here we will look at those who have shown effectiveness in humans:

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<ul>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Ginger (Zingiber officinale) - has been found to suppress nausea and vomiting and restore appetite in cancer patients;</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Ginseng (Panax ginseng) - according to a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled study from 2017, ginseng reduces the symptoms of nausea, vomiting, shortness of breath and fatigue, and its efficacy and safety can improve the quality of life of patients [<a href="https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/9/7/772" target="_blank" rel="noopener">ref.7</a>];</li>
</ul>

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<ul>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Aloe vera - it has anti-inflammatory effect;</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Green tea (Camellia sinensis) - has a good effect due to the antioxidant, antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties of catechins in it, as well as its property to suppress intestinal motility.</li>
</ul>

Herbs-against-hepatotoxicity-(liver-toxicity)

Herbs against hepatotoxicity (liver toxicity)

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Liver damage can occur both under the influence of chemotherapy and with improper use of herbs. Therefore, it is important to keep in mind that plants are not necessarily harmless and control by a specialist is an important part of the herbal treatment.

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There are several herbs that have shown a positive effect against the toxic effects of chemo- and radiation therapy on the liver:

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<ul>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Milk thistle (Silybum marianum) - the effect is due to the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of the plant, as well as its ability to suppress fibrosis;</li>
</ul>

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<ul>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Shiitake (Lentinula edodes) - the extract of the mycelium of the shiitake fungus contains an active hemicellulose component (AHCC), which can reduce hematotoxicity and hepatotoxicity and improve the quality of life of patients with advanced cancer during chemotherapy [<a href="https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/01635581.2014.884232" target="_blank" rel="noopener">ref.8</a>]. </li>
</ul>

Herbs-against-nephrotoxicity-(kidneys)

Herbs against nephrotoxicity (kidneys)

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Nephrotoxicity is one of the most serious side effects of treatment with the chemotherapeutic cisplatin , and the kidneys are very sensitive to radiation.&nbsp;

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In studies involving cancer patients, a positive effect was observed with honey, royal jelly and the substance lycopene, which is found in tomatoes, grapefruit and watermelon.

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In experimental animals, the alcoholic extract of marjoram (Origanum majorana, in cisplatin treatment), sweet flag (Acorus calamus), quercetin, grape seed extract, ginger extract, also showed a good effect.&nbsp;[<a href="https://www.bioseek.eu/en/eng/research/pubmed/Natural_Product_Interventions_for_Chemotherapy_and_Radiotherapy_Induced_Side_Effects_30459615#B109" target="_blank" rel="noopener">ref.1</a>]

Herbs-against-nephrotoxicity-(kidneys)_4_3

Herbs-supporting-the-hematopoietic-system-(blood-formation)

Herbs supporting the hematopoietic system (blood formation)

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Myelosuppression with leukocytopenia, erythrocytopenia and thrombocytopenia are serious and frequent side effects during cancer treatment. In patients with myelosuppression due to chemotherapy and radiotherapy, infections and inflammations are often observed.

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Antioxidant natural products can lower the amount of free radicals produced as a result of chemotherapy and radiation therapy, preventing them from killing white blood cells and bone marrow suppression.

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In humans, positive effects have been found with the use of ginseng, as well as some herbal formulas from Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM):

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<ul>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Shuanghuang Shengbai - in the form of granules, contains astragalus (Astragalus membranaceus), Rhizoma polygonati (root of a plant of the genus Polygonatum), Rhizoma drynariae (fern root of the species Drynaria roosii), Fructus ligustri (fruits of Ligustrum lucidum), Radix trichosanthis (root of a plant of the genus Trichosanthes) and Herba epimedii [<a href="https://www.bioseek.eu/en/eng/research/pubmed/Shuanghuang_Shengbai_granule_cures_myelosuppression_and_suppresses_lung_cancer_progression_mechanism_and_therapeutic_targets_from_the_aspect_of_microRNAs_28977934" target="_blank" rel="noopener">ref.9</a>];</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Danggui Buxue - decoction, which contains roots of astragalus and dong quai or female ginseng (Radix astragali and Radix Angelicae sinensis).</li>
</ul>

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Herbs-against-cardiotoxicity-(heart)

Herbs against cardiotoxicity (heart)

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The imbalance of energy metabolism and oxidative stress leads to cardiotoxicity induced by chemotherapeutic agents, and cardiac damage from radiation therapy is a major problem for those struggling with cancer.

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The following herbs might be hepful: parsley oil, black grape juice, flaxseed oil, green tea and Chinese herbal formula Sheng-Mai-San, which contains: ginseng root, monkey grass (Liriope spicata) and Chinese magnolia-vine fruits (Schisandra chinensis).

Herbs-against-neurotoxicity-(nervous-system)

Herbs against neurotoxicity (nervous system)

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Neurotoxicity is a common adverse effect of chemotherapy and radiation therapy of cancer and causes excruciating pain to patients. These therapies lead to peripheral neuropathy.

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Helpful herbs are: St. John's wort (Hypericum perforatum), green tea, grape seed oil, turmeric, astragalus root.

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Before taking these herbs, please discuss it with your health care provider due to the specifics of the treatment of each individual patient. Some herbs interact adversely&nbsp;with specific medicines and whether they are suitable can only be judged by a specialist.

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Herbs that relieve chemotherapy and radiation therapy adverse side effects