Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a set of symptoms due to elevated androgens (male hormones) in females. Signs and symptoms of PCOS include irregular or no menstrual periods, heavy periods, excess body and facial hair, acne, pelvic pain, difficulty getting pregnant, and patches of thick, darker, velvety skin. Associated conditions include type 2 diabetes, obesity, obstructive sleep apnea, heart disease, mood disorders, and endometrial cancer.PCOS is due to a combination of genetic and environmental ...

polycystic ovary syndrome

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Understanding-DIM-and-Its-Origins

Understanding DIM and Its Origins

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DIM is a compound that is produced in the body when indole-3-carbinol (I3C), a substance found in cruciferous vegetables, is digested. These vegetables include broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica), cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata), kale (Brassica oleracea var. acephala), and Brussels sprouts (Brassica oleracea var. gemmifera), amongst others. In the botanical world, these plants are revered for their rich nutritional profiles, including high levels of vitamins C, E, and K, fiber, and a number of potent phytonutrients.

The-Potential-Benefits-of-DIM

The Potential Benefits of DIM

Hormone-Balancing

Hormone Balancing

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DIM has been shown to potentially assist in maintaining a healthy hormone balance, particularly for estrogen. It appears to promote a more efficient metabolism of estrogen and may support the body's ability to shift the balance of estrogen towards its beneficial or "protective" metabolites (1).

Anti-Inflammatory-Properties

Anti-Inflammatory Properties

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Cruciferous vegetables, and by extension DIM, also harbor potential anti-inflammatory properties. A 2014 study demonstrated that DIM could suppress inflammation in the body by inhibiting a specific pathway known as NF-&kappa;B (2).

Anti-Cancer-Properties

Anti-Cancer Properties

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Perhaps one of the most exciting areas of research is the potential anti-cancer properties of DIM. Several studies have shown that DIM can induce apoptosis (programmed cell death) in various cancer cells, including breast and prostate cancer.

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Incorporating-DIM-into-Your-Diet

Incorporating DIM into Your Diet

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To fully harness the potential benefits of DIM, consider incorporating more cruciferous vegetables into your diet.

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Here are two simple recipes to get you started:

Roasted-Brussels-Sprouts

Roasted Brussels Sprouts

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<ul><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Preheat the oven to 400&deg;F (200&deg;C).</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Trim and halve a pound of Brussels sprouts.</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Toss them in olive oil, salt, and pepper.</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Spread them on a baking sheet and roast for about 20-25 minutes, until crisp on the outside and tender on the inside.</li></ul>

Kale-and-Cabbage-Salad

Kale and Cabbage Salad

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<ul><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Thinly slice kale and cabbage.</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Toss in a bowl with olive oil, lemon juice, salt, and pepper.</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Let it sit for 10 minutes to soften the leaves.</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Sprinkle with your favorite nuts or seeds before serving.</li></ul>

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Questions-and-Answers

Questions and Answers

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Q: Can DIM supplements provide the same benefits as consuming cruciferous vegetables?

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A: While DIM supplements can provide a concentrated source of this compound, they may not offer the full array of nutrients found in whole vegetables. Furthermore, the body's absorption and utilization of nutrients from whole foods may be superior.

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Q: Are there any potential side effects of consuming too much DIM?

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A: As with any nutrient, balance is key. While DIM has many potential benefits, excessive intake can lead to side effects such as nausea, vomiting, and skin rash. It's always important to consult with a healthcare professional before starting any new supplement regimen.

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Q: Can DIM help with conditions like Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS)?

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A: While some research suggests that DIM may help balance hormone levels, more specific research is needed to confirm its efficacy in conditions like PCOS.

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Q: Can men benefit from DIM, given its effects on estrogen?

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A: Yes, men can also benefit from DIM. It can help maintain a healthy balance of estrogen and testosterone in the body, which can be beneficial for overall health.

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Q: &nbsp;Can cooking affect the DIM content of cruciferous vegetables?

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A: Cooking can indeed impact the nutrient content of vegetables. However, lightly steaming or roasting these vegetables can help retain their nutritional value, including DIM.

References

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<ol><li>Maruthanila, V., Poornima, J., Mirunalini, S. (2014). Attenuation of Carcinogenesis and the Mechanism Underlying by the Influence of Indole-3-carbinol and Its Metabolite 3,3&prime;-Diindolylmethane: A Therapeutic Marvel. Advances in Pharmacological Sciences.</li><li>&nbsp;Ronghe, A., Chatterjee, A., Bhat, N. K., Padhye S., Bhat, H. K. (2014). Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity of I3C and DIM in the context of a prostate cancer model. Free Radical Biology &amp; Medicine.</li></ol>

DIM is a promising compound found in cruciferous vegetables. Its potential benefits include hormone balancing, anti-inflammatory effects, and anti-cancer properties. More research is needed to fully understand the extent of these benefits, but preliminary findings are promising.

Diindolylmethane (DIM): An Incredible Compound Derived from Cruciferous Vegetables

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Diindolylmethane (DIM): An Incredible Compound Derived from Cruciferou

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Abnormal-Uterine-Bleeding

Abnormal Uterine Bleeding

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Abnormal uterine bleeding refers to any bleeding that is not part of your regular menstrual cycle. It can be caused by a variety of factors, including hormonal imbalances, uterine fibroids, polyps, and even cancer. Symptoms may include heavy bleeding, bleeding between periods, or longer or shorter periods. If you experience any of these symptoms, it's essential to see a gynecologist.

Endometriosis

Endometriosis_0_0

Endometriosis is a condition where the tissue that lines the inside of the uterus grows outside of it. It can cause severe pain, heavy bleeding, and infertility. Endometriosis affects around 10% of women of reproductive age and can be challenging to diagnose. If you suspect you have endometriosis, see a gynecologist or a specialist in reproductive medicine.

Polycystic-Ovary-Syndrome-(PCOS)

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS)

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Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a hormonal disorder that affects up to 10% of women of reproductive age. It is characterized by multiple cysts on the ovaries, irregular periods, and infertility. PCOS can also cause weight gain, acne, and excessive hair growth. If you suspect you have PCOS, see an endocrinologist for proper diagnosis and treatment.

Cervical-cancer

Cervical cancer

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Cervical cancer is a type of cancer that develops in the cervix, which is the lower part of the uterus. It is usually caused by the human papillomavirus (HPV). Symptoms may include abnormal vaginal bleeding, pain during sex, and pelvic pain. Cervical cancer can be prevented with routine Pap tests and HPV vaccines. If you suspect you have cervical cancer, see a gynecologist or an oncologist.

Herbal-and-natural-remedies

Herbal and natural remedies

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In addition to medical treatment, there are also several herbs and natural remedies that may help with period problems. Here are a few to consider:

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<ul><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Ginger (Zingiber officinale): Known for its anti-inflammatory properties, ginger may help reduce menstrual pain and cramps.</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Chasteberry (Vitex agnus-castus): Also known as vitex, chasteberry may help regulate menstrual cycles and reduce PMS symptoms.</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Red raspberry leaf (Rubus idaeus): Rich in vitamins and minerals, red raspberry leaf may help strengthen the uterus and reduce heavy bleeding.</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Black cohosh (Actaea racemosa): Often used for menopausal symptoms, black cohosh may also help relieve menstrual cramps and regulate periods.</li></ul>It's important to note that these remedies are not a substitute for medical treatment and should be used with caution. Always consult with a healthcare provider before trying any new herbal or natural remedies.

What-medications,-allergies-and-foods-can-lead-to-problematic-periods

What medications, allergies and foods can lead to problematic periods

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Medications:

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<ul><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) such as aspirin, ibuprofen, and naproxen can cause heavy menstrual bleeding or prolonged bleeding.</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Hormonal contraceptives such as birth control pills, patches, and hormonal intrauterine devices (IUDs) can cause irregular bleeding or spotting.</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Anticoagulants like warfarin and heparin can increase the risk of heavy menstrual bleeding.</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Antidepressants such as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) can cause irregular bleeding or amenorrhea (absence of menstrual periods).</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Thyroid hormone replacement therapy can cause irregular or heavy menstrual bleeding.</li></ul>

Active-compounds-of-medications:

Active compounds of medications:

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<ul><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Aspirin: acetylsalicylic acid</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Ibuprofen: nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Naproxen: nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Hormonal contraceptives: estrogen and/or progestin</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Warfarin: anticoagulant</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Heparin: anticoagulant</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">SSRIs: selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">TCAs: tricyclic antidepressants</li></ul>

Allergies:

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<ul><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Allergies to latex, used in some condoms, can cause vaginal irritation and discomfort during menstrual periods.</li></ul>

Foods:

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<ul><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Caffeine can cause breast tenderness and irritability in some women during their periods.</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Alcohol consumption can cause dehydration and worsen menstrual cramps.</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Salt can lead to bloating and water retention, which can worsen menstrual symptoms.</li></ul>

In conclusion, period problems can be scary, but they don't have to be. By paying attention to your menstrual cycle and seeking medical attention when necessary, you can ensure your reproductive health stays in top shape. And if you're interested in trying natural remedies, there are plenty of options out there. Just remember to always talk to your healthcare provider before trying anything new.
So, go forth and take care of yourself, ladies. Your period is trying to tell you something, and it's important to listen.

Period Problems: What Your Menstrual Cycle Is Trying to Tell You

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What-are-the-main-symptoms-of-hormonal-imbalance?

What are the main symptoms of hormonal imbalance?

What-are-the-main-symptoms-of-hormonal-imbalance?_0_0

When hormones are at balanced levels, a person feels vibrant and energetic, sleeps soundly and deeply, maintains normal weight and good concentration. However, when hormones are in imbalance, i.e. at low or elevated levels than normal,&nbsp; then we are talking about hormonal imbalance. And since these chemical messengers are interrelated, disruption in the rhythm of one hormone leads to dysregulation of other important hormones.

What-are-the-main-symptoms-of-hormonal-imbalance?_0_1

The right balance of hormones is essential for effective reproductive cycles such as the process of ovulation in women and the overall system of conception. For men, hormones are crucial in terms of male sexual characteristics, reproductive abilities and libido.

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The human body uses more than fifty hormones to guide various systems and bodily functions such as growth, metabolism and temperature regulation, sleep and wakefulness cycles, and more. A hormonal imbalance is an incorrect amount of one or more hormones in the blood. The timing of hormone(s) release, interactions with other hormones, and the ability to respond through cellular receptors are also important for hormonal balance. It has been shown that an imbalance of hormones associated with reproductive health in one or both partners can make it difficult to conceive and pregnancy. Hormonal imbalances are also the leading cause of infertility in women, but they are often treatable with lifestyle changes and medications, and some phytotherapeutics can act positively.

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Hormonal imbalance can also cause infertility in men, but it is a less common factor of infertility in men than in women.

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The most common symptoms of hormone imbalance in women are:

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<ul><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Lack of menstrual cycle</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Irregular menstrual cycle</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Abundant or painful menstruation.</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Increased hair on the face, neck, chest and back</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Unexplained weight gain</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Constipation and diarrhea</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Low libido</li></ul>In men, the following symptoms may occur:

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<ul><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Erectile dysfunction</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Low sperm count</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Reduced growth of body hair</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Breast tenderness and breast tissue overdevelopment</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Thinning hair or hair loss male type</li></ul> In case of symptoms of hormonal imbalance, it is important to seek medical attention to do the necessary tests. Then determine the mode of treatment and therapy, which may include hormone replacement therapy, medications, herbal and other means.

Herbs-and-natural-remedies-for-hormonal-imbalance

Herbs and natural remedies for hormonal imbalance

Herbs-and-natural-remedies-for-hormonal-imbalance_1_0

Herbs-and-natural-remedies-for-hormonal-imbalance_1_1

Herbs are a group of plants whose leaves, flowers, roots and seeds are used for a variety of purposes, including therapeutic. It is important to clarify from the beginning that the use of herbs to balance hormone levels is not recommended for every person. Herbal medicine has proven its usefulness and effectiveness over time, yet some herbal remedies may be safe for some, but dangerous for others.

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Women who are pregnant, breastfeeding, using hormone therapy, living with endocrine or mental disorders, or having cancer are at risk of dangerous side effects associated with taking certain herbs. Therefore, they should always consult a doctor before taking herbs and natural remedies for hormonal imbalance.

Herbs-and-natural-remedies-for-hormonal-imbalance_1_3

For the rest, there is a palette of herbs and natural remedies that work for different types of hormonal changes. Let's see in particular what the opportunities and benefits are.

Seeds-of-Nigella-sativa-(Black-cumin)

Seeds of Nigella sativa (Black cumin)

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Nigella sativa is also known as kalonji, chelebattle and others. Its flowers produce small black seeds rich in antioxidants. These seeds have healing properties because they contain thymoquinone – a type of phytonutrient or plant compound.

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Researchers investigated the protective and therapeutic effects of nigella seeds in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). PCOS is a disorder associated with abnormal hormone levels, among other symptoms, in women of reproductive age. <a href="https://www.jrmds.in/articles/the-effects-of-nigella-sativa-hydroalcoholic-extract-and-honey-on-lipid-profile-and-indices-of-insulin-resistance-in-polycystic-ov.pdf" target="_blank" data-ref="" rel="noopener">[ref.</a>&nbsp;1]&nbsp;

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In animal studies, nigella seed extracts have helped regulate levels of insulin, testosterone, luteinizing hormone, and thyroid hormones, among others. &nbsp;<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27247926/" target="_blank" data-ref="Effect of Nigella sativa on reproductive system in experimental menopause rat model - PubMed" rel="noopener">[ref. 2]</a>&nbsp;

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In addition, Nigella sativa extract exhibits estrogenic activity, which means it acts similarly to the hormone estrogen in your body. This would obviously not be appropriate if you have increased estrogen in the body.&nbsp;

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With regard to these seeds, note that most studies were conducted on animals and concentrated extracts or isolated thymoquinone were used. There are still a limited number of studies on this action of nigella seeds in humans.

Ashwagandha-(Withania-somnifera)

Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera) 

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Ashwagandha, also known as winter cherry, Indian ginseng or Withania somnifera, is an evergreen shrub of the Solanaceae family. Ashwagandha is highly revered in herbal medicine, being used in many supplements, teas and powders.

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This adaptogen is thought to help the body overcome stress by moderating the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis of the brain. This axis produces and releases numerous hormones including cortisol that initiate your body's response to stress. Cortisol helps you get through stressful and stressful moments. However, according to studies in humans and rats, chronic hormone imbalance can cause endocrine disorders such as Addison's disease and Cushing's syndrome. These are some of the possibilities of applying ashwagandha to regulate the hormone cortisol. &nbsp;<a href="https://journals.lww.com/md-journal/Fulltext/2019/09130/An_investigation_into_the_stress_relieving_and.67.aspx" target="_blank" data-ref="An investigation into the stress-relieving and... : Medicine" rel="noopener">[ref. 3]</a>&nbsp;

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Ashwagandha can also affect other hormones. For example, researchers are investigating how it alters insulin levels, reproductive hormones, and more, gathering enough data for more definitive claims. Another important thing about this Ayurvedic star is that it may not be safe for pregnant and breastfeeding women, as well as for people with autoimmune diseases or thyroid disorders.

Vitex-agnus-castus-(Vitex-agnus-castus)

Vitex agnus-castus (Vitex agnus castus) 

Vitex-agnus-castus-(Vitex-agnus-castus)_1_0

Vitex-agnus-castus-(Vitex-agnus-castus)_1_1

Vitex agnus castus (also known as Chaste Wood and Abraham Tree) is a multifaceted herb for hormonal problems in women. It has remarkable hormonal balancing activity and has been used by herbalists for centuries for menstrual problems, cycle regulation, increased fertility, and to help women during menopause.&nbsp;

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Vitext works by supporting the hypothalamus gland (a gland in the brain that controls the hormonal system). It is known to balance a woman's estrogen/progesterone ratio (the main reproductive hormones) by increasing progesterone and lowering estrogen accordingly. So, vitex is especially useful in conditions with low progesterone, including a short menstrual cycle, irregular cycle, PMS, and acne. &nbsp;<a href="https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0965229919306053" target="_blank" data-ref="Redirecting" rel="noopener">[ref. 4]</a>&nbsp;

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Vitex agnus may also lower prolactin levels and increase LH (luteinizing hormone). High prolactin has been linked to infertility and cycle arrest in women. LH is the hormone that helps control the menstrual cycle and causes ovulation (the release of an egg from the ovaries). With various hormonal disorders of this type of vitex, agnus castus has applications. &nbsp;<a href="https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00737-017-0791-0?error=cookies_not_supported&amp;code=42a1055e-91b3-4075-a0a0-b962462e69c8" target="_blank" data-ref="Vitex agnus castus for premenstrual syndrome and premenstrual dysphoric disorder: a systematic review - Archives of Women's Mental Health" rel="noopener">[ref. 5]</a>&nbsp;

Peony-(Paeonia-lactiflora)

Peony (Paeonia lactiflora)  

Peony-(Paeonia-lactiflora)_1_0

Peony (Paeonia lactiflora) is a type of herb whose roots are commonly used in traditional Chinese medicine for many purposes. Peony can block chemicals that can cause pain and swelling. It can also prevent blood clotting, kill cancer cells, and act as an antioxidant. &nbsp;<a href="https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0378874119324900" target="_blank" data-ref="Redirecting" rel="noopener">[ref. 6]</a>&nbsp; It can be combined with other plants to maintain hormones (often in combination with vitex).

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Peoniflorin is one of the active ingredients in the plant. It has anti-inflammatory, antispasmodic and sedative action. In vitro experiments have also shown that it can affect ovarian follicles through its action on the enzyme called aromatase. This enzyme is widely found throughout the body, especially in the ovaries, liver and adipose tissues.

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Peony works to normalize aromatase activity, as well as reduce androgen production. Excess androgens can manifest as extra facial and body hair, cystic acne, female pattern baldness (mostly PCOS symptoms and also after menopause). &nbsp;<a href="https://www.hindawi.com/journals/bmri/2020/4690504/" target="_blank" data-ref="Effects of Paeonia lactiflora Extract on Estrogen Receptor &beta;, TPH2, and SERT in Rats with PMS Anxiety" rel="noopener">[ref. 7]</a>&nbsp;

Angelica-sinensis

Angelica sinensis  

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Angelica sinensis is known as female ginseng because of its numerous therapeutic effects on the female reproductive system.&nbsp;

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Considered blood-building and tonic, Dong Kwai is used by herbalists to enrich a woman's blood supply, strengthen the uterus, promote blood circulation, and increase blood flow to the reproductive system — all key to a regular, healthy menstrual cycle.&nbsp;

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Dong Kwai contains compounds called coumarins, which have been shown to relax the muscles of the uterus and reduce inflammation, making this plant suitable for menstrual cramps. It is also useful for symptoms of PMS and menopause, such as hot flashes. <a href="https://cuaj.ca/index.php/journal/article/view/775" target="_blank" data-ref="		Dong Quai (angelica sinensis) in the treatment of hot flashes for men on androgen deprivation therapy: results of a randomized double-blind placebo controlled trial							| Canadian Urological Association Journal			" rel="noopener">[ref.</a> &nbsp;8]&nbsp;

Hormone levels in the human body are constantly changing. There are hundreds of reasons why they vary daily, and to some extent these ups and downs are necessary. Nevertheless, long-term hormonal imbalances can negatively affect your health. The use of herbal and natural remedies is one of many natural ways to deal with such changes in hormone levels. Each of the five herbs discussed in this article has the potential to help you balance your hormone levels if they are right for you and there are no contraindications. Ask a doctor before taking these herbs.

Symptoms of Hormonal Imbalance - What you need to know (part 2)

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Бетина Цветкова

What-are-hormones?

What are hormones? 

What-are-hormones?_0_0

Hormones are chemicals that coordinate various functions in your body, carrying messages through the blood to organs, skin, muscles, and other tissues. These signals tell your body exactly what to do and when to do it. So far, scientists have identified over 50 hormones in the human body that regulate these processes in both men and women.

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Hormones and most of the tissues (mainly glands) that create and release them make up the endocrine system. Hormones control many different bodily processes, including:

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<ul><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Metabolism</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Homeostasis (constant internal balance), such as regulation of blood pressure and blood sugar, fluid balance (water) and electrolytes, and body temperature</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Growth and development</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Reproductive function</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Sleep-wake cycle</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Mood&nbsp;</li></ul>Characteristic of hormones is that their levels naturally vary at different stages of life, most noticeably during puberty and in women during the menstrual cycle, pregnancy and menopause. They can also be affected by lifestyle and certain medical conditions.

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What is important is to know what are the symptoms pointing to hormonal imbalance and which you should not ignore.&nbsp;

Symptoms-of-hormonal-imbalance-in-men-and-women

Symptoms of hormonal imbalance in men and women

In case of symptoms of hormonal imbalance, it is important to seek medical attention to do the necessary tests. Then determine the mode of treatment and therapy, which may include hormone replacement therapy, medications, herbal and other means. We will talk about them in another article, looking at the possibilities of using herbs and natural remedies for hormonal imbalance.