Progeria is an extremely rare autosomal dominant genetic disorder in which symptoms resembling aspects of aging are manifested at a very early age. Progeria is one of several progeroid syndromes. Those born with progeria typically live to their mid-teens to early twenties. It is a genetic condition that occurs as a new mutation and is rarely inherited, as carriers usually do not live to reproduce children. Although the term progeria applies, strictly speaking, to all diseases characterized by premature ...

progeria

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Author: Yana Nencheva, Biochemist, PhD candidate in Biophysics

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Tradition dictates that, from 1901, the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine be awarded every year. In the not-so-distant 1962, the award went to Crick, Wilkins and Watson, for the revealed structure of nucleic acids (<a href="/p/kak_nuklieinovitie_kisielini_dnk_i_rnk_dirizhirat_zhivota_7b8f007a_0254_40cb_8d72_36410852722e" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">DNA and RNA</a>) and the transmission of genetic information [<a href="/p/kak_ghienitie_opriedieliat_prilikata_s_roditielitie_ni_2256bb0a_9ee8_4d00_8f3e_7ca44b90aa45" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">ref. 1</a>]. Something that even Nobel laureates did not realize were the moral questions of the type - "If my son is going to be gay, will I have an abortion?", to which the discovery later led.

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In the early years of the Human Genome Project, Watson was one of the leaders, and it was his name that was associated with the gay gene scandal, in which the media claimed to be calling on mothers in whose embryo the "gay gene" was found to have an abortion.

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Watson later sued them for defamation, claiming they were words taken out of context, and explained in other media that the mother had the RIGHT to have an abortion for any reason - developmental delay, dyslexia, or even a lack of musical ability.

The-Human-Genome-Project

The Human Genome Project

The-Human-Genome-Project_0_0

The-Human-Genome-Project_0_1

The Human Genome Project (HGP) is the international research program, with activities from 1988 to 2003, aimedat fully mapping all human genes ( all genes =genome).

The-researchers-deciphered-the-human-genome-in-three-steps:

The researchers deciphered the human genome in three steps:

The-researchers-deciphered-the-human-genome-in-three-steps:_0_0

<ol>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Determination of the sequence of all bases in <a href="/p/kak_nuklieinovitie_kisielini_dnk_i_rnk_dirizhirat_zhivota_7b8f007a_0254_40cb_8d72_36410852722e" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">DNA</a> [ref. 2];</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">"Drawing" the maps that show the location of genes for the main sections of all chromosomes;</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Create so-tying maps where hereditary traits (e.g. genetic diseases) can be traced through generations.</li>
</ol>

The-researchers-deciphered-the-human-genome-in-three-steps:_0_1

The first results (at 90%) on sequencing of the human genome were published in the journal Nature in February 2001. Two years after that, the full sequence [ref. 3] was completed and the full sequence [ref. 3]. According to some, the project will be completely completed when every single person on planet Earth doesa complete sequencing of their own genome.

The-thought-of-knowing-what-genetic-information-you-carry,-knowing-your-weaknesses,-protecting-yourself-from-harmful-habits-and-living-healthier-(and-longer)-is-extremely-tempting:

The thought of knowing what genetic information you carry, knowing your weaknesses, protecting yourself from harmful habits and living healthier (and longer)  is extremely tempting:

The-thought-of-knowing-what-genetic-information-you-carry,-knowing-your-weaknesses,-protecting-yourself-from-harmful-habits-and-living-healthier-(and-longer)-is-extremely-tempting:_0_0

<ul>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">You'il know what diseases you're prone to,</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">You'il be able to calculate with your partner what your children are likely to get sick of,</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">You'il find out who your real kinship is.</li>
</ul>

However,-this-on-the-one-hand-is-still-expensive-and-on-the-other-hand-it-asks-some-important-questions:

However, this on the one hand is still expensive and on the other hand it asks some important questions:

However,-this-on-the-one-hand-is-still-expensive-and-on-the-other-hand-it-asks-some-important-questions:_0_0

<ul>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">If the bank knows there's a 70% chance you'il get cancer in the next 10 years, would you lend you an apartment?</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Would you risk having children if they were 50% likely to suffer from schizophrenia like your father?</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">You think you're going to reveal a family secret?</li>
</ul>

However,-this-on-the-one-hand-is-still-expensive-and-on-the-other-hand-it-asks-some-important-questions:_0_1

These questions are mildly "delicate", which is why every genetic laboratory must have a document to ensure the confidentiality of the results.

Genetic-discrimination

Genetic discrimination

Genetic-discrimination_1_0

Genetic-discrimination_1_1

Along with the problems that arise with the Human Genome Project, the term "genetic discrimination"is born. When they know that you have a genetic mutation that increases the risk of disease, a federalGenetic Information Nondiscrimination Act (GINA) <a href="/p/mutatsii_srieshchu_iestiestvien_podbor_e4a316a0_b5fd_4a51_8dc0_12a14405f8f2" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer"> </a> comes out in the United States to protect an individual's personal choice to take such a test. It prohibits employers from taking into account a person's genetic information when deciding on hiring, firing or promotion [ref. 4].

Genetic-discrimination_1_2

If you decide to take a genetic test, in 2013 in Bulgaria the book "Genetic Discrimination" was publishedin Bulgaria, where the Doctor of International Law and International Relations Mariella Deiverska analyzed basic regulations related to medical and geneticcounseling.

Genetic-discrimination_1_3

The book also discusses the difficultiesthat can be encountered in proving this type of discrimination. The ways of preventing genetic discrimination on the territory of the Republic of Bulgaria are considered - how to proceed and to whom to turn if necessary.

Genetic-discrimination_1_4

The author works as an expert in the Commission for Protection against Discrimination and at the Ministry of Justice, a specialist in the field of medical law and a lecturer in social and health legislation.

How-to-live-longer-despite-your-genes

How to live longer despite your genes

How-to-live-longer-despite-your-genes_2_0

There-are-two-types-of-genetic-tests-that-have-been-quite-modern-in-recent-years:

There are two types of genetic tests that have been quite modern in recent years:

There-are-two-types-of-genetic-tests-that-have-been-quite-modern-in-recent-years:_2_0

<ol>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Genetic test to prove lineage, in which against a swab a sampleof secretion taken from the inside of the cheek, you can find out how much African, Irish, Jew, etc. you are, which is extremely curious;</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">A full genetic test - which will give you information about all the genes you carry, accompanied by the likelihood of unlocking various deadly diseases. These are much more expensive, but are already available in promotional packages - with and without payout for one, for two, married with a discount, etc.</li>
</ol>

There-are-two-types-of-genetic-tests-that-have-been-quite-modern-in-recent-years:_2_1

Unlike the proof of lineage test, which is only curious, the full genetic test may prove fateful because it can cause us to radically change our way of life.

There-are-two-types-of-genetic-tests-that-have-been-quite-modern-in-recent-years:_2_2

Here <a href="/p/iepighienietikata_ili_kak_nachint_na_zhivot_upravliava_ghienitie_ni_8ec805d0_069f_4823_89cd_c55d051a9610" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">comes epigenetics</a>, which is a set of factors (environment, lifestyle,stress) that determinewhether a gene (disease) will be unlocked ornot.

Types-of-diagnostic-genetic-tests

Types of diagnostic genetic tests

Types-of-diagnostic-genetic-tests_3_0

Types-of-diagnostic-genetic-tests_3_1

Often, the reasons for launching a genetic test are not related to curiosity or determination to change our lives. In general, the prosaic health need for some kind of diagnostic genetic test is on the face:

Types-of-diagnostic-genetic-tests_3_2

<ol>
<li>Screening of a newborn - it is carried out immediately after birth to identify genetic disorders that can be treated early in life. In Bulgaria babies can be tested for congenital hypothyroidism (thyroid disorder) and the condition can be cured before any developmental disorders have taken place.</li>
</ol>

Types-of-diagnostic-genetic-tests_3_3

<ol>
<li>Diagnostic examination - used to identify or exclude a specific genetic or chromosomal condition. In many cases, it is to confirm a diagnosis when a certain condition is suspected, based on physical signs and symptoms. Diagnostic examination can be performed before birth or at any time in a person's life, but is not available for all genes or all genetic conditions.</li>
</ol>

Types-of-diagnostic-genetic-tests_3_4

<ol>
<li>Testing for a carrier - it is for people who carry a single copy of a gene mutation that, when present in two copies, causes a genetic disorder. This type of test is offered to individuals who have a family history of genetic disorder, as well as to people from certain ethnic groups with an increased risk of specific genetic conditions. If both parents are tested, the test may provide information about the couple's risk of having a child with a genetic <a href="/p/vidovie_talasiemiia_simptomi_i_liechieniie_afa4d9df_f99e_4122_bba7_329dd33442e4" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">condition.</a> <a href="/p/kakvo_triabva_da_napravia_priedi_da_zabriemienieia_4b16b1ee_ee57_42b3_a922_a570e07f2896" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer"></a> </li>
</ol>

Types-of-diagnostic-genetic-tests_3_5

<ol>
<li>Prenatal testing - it is for detecting changes in the genes or chromosomes of the fetus before birth. This type of test is offered during pregnancy if there is an increased risk that the baby will have a genetic or chromosomal disorder. Such are, for example, tests for Down syndrome.</li>
</ol>

Types-of-diagnostic-genetic-tests_3_6

<ol>
<li>Pre-implantation testing, also called preimplantation genetic diagnosis, PGD, is a specialized technique that can reduce the risk of having a child with a certain genetic or chromosomal disorder.</li>
</ol>

Types-of-diagnostic-genetic-tests_3_7

<ol>
<li>Predictive and presamptomatic examination - used to detect gene mutations associated with disorders that occur after birth, and often later in life. These tests can be useful for people who have a family member with a genetic disorder but who themselves <a href="../c/cancer" target="_blank" rel="noopener"></a>have no specificities of the disorder at the time of testing. It identifies mutations that increase a person's <a href="/p/mutatsii_srieshchu_iestiestvien_podbor_e4a316a0_b5fd_4a51_8dc0_12a14405f8f2" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer"></a> risk of developing genetic-based disorders, such as certain cancers .</li>
</ol>

Types-of-diagnostic-genetic-tests_3_8

<ol>
<li>Forensic tests - they use DNA sequences to identify a natural person for legal purposes. </li>
</ol>

How-to-take-a-sample-for-a-genetic-test

How to take a sample for a genetic test

How-to-take-a-sample-for-a-genetic-test_4_0

How-to-take-a-sample-for-a-genetic-test_4_1

Before genetic testing is done, it is important to discuss the procedure, benefits, limitations and possible effects of the test results. A document of informed consent is signed. The genetic test may bedone with a sample of:

How-to-take-a-sample-for-a-genetic-test_4_2

<ul>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Blood</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Hair</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Skin</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">cells on the inner surface of the cheek with a cotton swab to collect a sample,</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">in screening tests for newborns, a small blood sample is taken by pricking the baby's heel,</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">amniotic fluid or other tissue.</li>
</ul>

How-to-take-a-sample-for-a-genetic-test_4_3

The sample is sent to a laboratory where specific changes in chromosomes, DNA or proteins are examined, depending on the suspecteddisorder. The laboratory describes the test results in writing and gives them to a doctor or geneticist to discuss them with the patient and explain to him what it is about. The results can also be sent directly to the patient if the reason for the test is not a disease but a curiosity [ref. 7]. <a href="/p/kakva_ie_razlikata_miezhdu_bieltk_i_protiein_b1b6b96e_e340_46d2_9768_ac9fa8cd6adc" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer"></a>

Mandatory-before-the-genetic-test

Mandatory before the genetic test

Mandatory-before-the-genetic-test_5_0

If-you-have-decided-to-test-yourself-genetically,-you-should-do-the-following:

If you have decided to test yourself genetically, you should do the following:

If-you-have-decided-to-test-yourself-genetically,-you-should-do-the-following:_5_0

<ol>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Research of the company you have chosen;</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Whether the data will be used by research organizations or other companies;</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">When reading the results, let a doctor be presentto introduce clarity;</li>
</ol>

If-you-have-decided-to-test-yourself-genetically,-you-should-do-the-following:_5_1

We are in the 21st century. However, they may make you change your life to less stress, move to a village where the air is clean, play sports more, grow healthy food, just not get cancer and live longer, and end up getting hit by a cart. So remember- full genetic tests mostly calculate probabilities.

If-you-have-decided-to-test-yourself-genetically,-you-should-do-the-following:_5_2

If-you-have-decided-to-test-yourself-genetically,-you-should-do-the-following:_5_3

<a href="/p/iepighienietikata_ili_kak_nachint_na_zhivot_upravliava_ghienitie_ni_8ec805d0_069f_4823_89cd_c55d051a9610" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">Epigenetics or how lifestyle governs our genes</a>

If-you-have-decided-to-test-yourself-genetically,-you-should-do-the-following:_5_4

<a href="/p/kak_nuklieinovitie_kisielini_dnk_i_rnk_dirizhirat_zhivota_7b8f007a_0254_40cb_8d72_36410852722e" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">How nucleic acids DNA and RNA orchestrate life</a>

If-you-have-decided-to-test-yourself-genetically,-you-should-do-the-following:_5_5

<a href="/p/kak_ghienitie_opriedieliat_prilikata_s_roditielitie_ni_2256bb0a_9ee8_4d00_8f3e_7ca44b90aa45" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">How genes determine resemblance to our parents</a>

If-you-have-decided-to-test-yourself-genetically,-you-should-do-the-following:_5_6

<a href="/p/mutatsii_srieshchu_iestiestvien_podbor_e4a316a0_b5fd_4a51_8dc0_12a14405f8f2" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">Mutations vs. Natural Selection</a>

If-you-have-decided-to-test-yourself-genetically,-you-should-do-the-following:_5_7

Should you take a genetic test?

https://d20hztklr4qnvi.cloudfront.net/93b43f2a-e2b6-4f40-af4d-a0bb3d615c6c_middle.jpg

 Should you take a genetic test?

Yana Nencheva

Author: Rositsa Tashkova, Master of Molecular Biology and Microbiology

Aging is a natural process that has been embedded in us since the beginning of our existence. But the pursuit of eternal youth and immortality also seems innate to us. Scientists are trying to unravel the mechanisms behind this fundamental process, and in recent years they have become increasingly close to achieving this goal. The next step is to figure out how to reverse the process, or at least slow it down.

Aging-Is-Not-Just-a-Cosmetic-Defect

Aging Is Not Just a Cosmetic Defect

Aging-Is-Not-Just-a-Cosmetic-Defect_0_0

The aging process undoubtedly affects our appearance, but more importantly,it leads to the development of a number of diseases, loss of basic functions,decrease in quality of life.

Aging-Is-Not-Just-a-Cosmetic-Defect_0_1

Aging affects physiological functions and can be defined as the accumulation of damage in molecules, cells and tissues throughout life. This often reduces the body's ability to maintain homeostasis (balance) in stressful conditions and leads to a greater risk for many diseases (cancer, cardiovascular and neurodegenerative disorders, such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's) and premature death.

Aging-Occurs-at-the-Cellular-Level

Aging Occurs at the Cellular Level

Aging-Occurs-at-the-Cellular-Level_1_0

Cell aging is a process in which cells lose functions - including the ability to divide but continue to release <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6949083/" target="_blank" rel="noopener"></a> molecules - that damage adjacentcells.

Aging-Occurs-at-the-Cellular-Level_1_1

<a href="https://www.bioseek.eu/bg/eng/research/pubmed/Clearance_of_senescent_glial_cells_prevents_tau_dependent_pathology_and_cognitive_decline_30232451" target="_blank" rel="noopener"></a> In addition, the researchers found that clearing aging cells [ref. 2] from the brain preserves the mental abilities of mice used as a model of Alzheimer's disease. <a href="https://www.bioseek.eu/bg/eng/research/search?q=senolytics&amp;p=1&amp;st=1&amp;tp=e" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Several sinolytics</a> [ref. 3] recently underwent early stage of human clinical trials.

Aging-Occurs-at-the-Cellular-Level_1_2

Aging-Occurs-at-the-Cellular-Level_1_3

According to this theory, the aging process is the result of the inability of different types of stem cells to continue to supplement the body's tissues with full-fledged specialized cells capable of maintaining the initial function of this tissue or organ.

Aging-Occurs-at-the-Cellular-Level_1_4

Moreover, the number of stem cells in young people is much higher than in adults, which provides them with a better and more effective mechanism for replacing outdated or damaged cells. In other words, ageing is not a matter of increasing errors in cells, but a matter of failure to replace damaged cellsdue to a reduced number of stem cells.

Food-Restrictions-for-a-Longer-Life

Food Restrictions for a Longer Life

Food-Restrictions-for-a-Longer-Life_2_0

More and more popularity is gaining 100,000 pounds. "fasting" or more "intermittentfasting" - intermittent <a href="https://www.bioseek.eu/bg/eng/research/search?q=Intermittent%20Fasting&amp;p=1&amp;st=1&amp;tp=9&amp;s=x&amp;f=4&amp;as=ARTICLE%3APUBMED%3A29307281" target="_blank" rel="noopener">fasting</a> [ref. 4]. This is a way of eating, in which either one meal is missed for the day, or in 2 out of 5 days almost no food is taken (up to 500-700 calories per day), and in the rest the meal takes place in the usual way.

Food-Restrictions-for-a-Longer-Life_2_1

Food-Restrictions-for-a-Longer-Life_2_2

In this case, the body switches from glucose as a source of energy to fatty acids and ketone bodies.

Food-Restrictions-for-a-Longer-Life_2_3

In addition, ketone bodies regulate the production and activity of many proteins and molecules known to affect health and aging.

Food-Restrictions-for-a-Longer-Life_2_4

<a href="https://www.nejm.org/doi/10.1056/NEJMx190038" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Cells respond</a> [ref. 5] to intermittent fasting by enhancing antioxidant protection, dna repair, <a href="/p/kak_nuklieinovitie_kisielini_dnk_i_rnk_dirizhirat_zhivota_7b8f007a_0254_40cb_8d72_36410852722e" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer"></a> protein quality control, creating new mitochondria (energy is synthesized in them), autophagy (removal of unnecessary, damaged and defective cells) and lowering inflammation. Very good effects on the state of the brain and psyche have also been observed.

Food-Restrictions-for-a-Longer-Life_2_5

Epigenetics:-Your-Way-of-Life-Affects-the-Longevity-of-Your-Children

Epigenetics: Your Way of Life Affects the Longevity of Your Children

Epigenetics:-Your-Way-of-Life-Affects-the-Longevity-of-Your-Children_3_0

Longevity <a href="/p/iepighienietikata_ili_kak_nachint_na_zhivot_upravliava_ghienitie_ni_8ec805d0_069f_4823_89cd_c55d051a9610" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer"> </a>can be inherited through epigenetic changes - that <a href="/p/iepighienietikata_ili_kak_nachint_na_zhivot_upravliava_ghienitie_ni_8ec805d0_069f_4823_89cd_c55d051a9610" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer"></a> <a href="/p/kak_ghienitie_opriedieliat_prilikata_s_roditielitie_ni_2256bb0a_9ee8_4d00_8f3e_7ca44b90aa45" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer"> </a>is, changes that affect genes without altering the basic sequence of DNA. These factors are influenced by a variety of environmental factors, lifestyle,stress, but are also passed on to the next generation.

Epigenetics:-Your-Way-of-Life-Affects-the-Longevity-of-Your-Children_3_1

This suggests that parents' lifestyles and even their behaviour can affect the life expectancy and health of the next generation through mechanisms other than genetic .

Epigenetics:-Your-Way-of-Life-Affects-the-Longevity-of-Your-Children_3_2

Is-Resveratrol-the-Elixir-of-Life

Is Resveratrol the Elixir of Life

Is-Resveratrol-the-Elixir-of-Life_4_0

Since its discovery in 1939, more and more studies have identified its beneficial effects on health and longevity, both in vitro (in laboratory cells) and in vivo (in living organisms) [<a href="https://www.bioseek.eu/bg/eng/research/pubmed/Small_molecule_SIRT1_activators_for_the_treatment_of_aging_and_age_related_diseases_24439680" target="_blank" rel="noopener">ref. 6</a>].

Is-Resveratrol-the-Elixir-of-Life_4_1

It has been found that resveratrol can limit the release of inflammatory molecules contributing to cardiovascular disease. Some suggest this finding resolves the "French paradox" - that some European nations consuming large amounts of wine - have a low rate of cardiovasculardisease, even though their diet is high in fat.

Is-Resveratrol-the-Elixir-of-Life_4_2

Resveratrol <a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0925443915000216#bb0595" target="_blank" rel="noopener"></a> is amazing in that it regulates many key enzymes [ref. 7] in a way that improves health andlongevity.

Is-Resveratrol-the-Elixir-of-Life_4_3

Is-Resveratrol-the-Elixir-of-Life_4_4

Unfortunately, it has also been found that resveratrol is poorly absorbed by the body and has a short half-life when it is relied upon to source it with food or wine. Scientists are working on modified forms of the substance that are just as non-toxicbut digested better.

What-Is-a-Telomere-and-Why-It-Is-Relevant-to-Aging-and-Health

What Is a Telomere and Why It Is Relevant to Aging and Health

What-Is-a-Telomere-and-Why-It-Is-Relevant-to-Aging-and-Health_5_0

Our genetic <a href="/p/kak_nuklieinovitie_kisielini_dnk_i_rnk_dirizhirat_zhivota_7b8f007a_0254_40cb_8d72_36410852722e" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">material</a> , DNA, is organized in the form of <a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80" target="_blank" rel="noopener"></a> chromosomes, the ends of which end with protective structurescalled telomeres [ref. 8].

What-Is-a-Telomere-and-Why-It-Is-Relevant-to-Aging-and-Health_5_1

Progressive shortening of telomeres leads to aging, apoptosis (programmed cell death) or oncogenic cell transformation, and this negatively affects the health and life of the individual. Shorter telomeres are associated with increased incidence of diseases and poor survival.

What-Is-a-Telomere-and-Why-It-Is-Relevant-to-Aging-and-Health_5_2

What-Is-a-Telomere-and-Why-It-Is-Relevant-to-Aging-and-Health_5_3

Credit: <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:WassermanLab&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" target="_blank" rel="noopener">WassermanLab</a>, Wikipedia

What-Is-a-Telomere-and-Why-It-Is-Relevant-to-Aging-and-Health_5_4

The rate of telomere shortening can be increased or reduced by lifestyle . Better diet and activity choices have great potential to reduce telomere shortening rates, leading to delays inage-related diseases and prolongation of life [<a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3370421/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">ref. 9</a>].

What-Is-a-Telomere-and-Why-It-Is-Relevant-to-Aging-and-Health_5_5

Factors that shorten telomeres at a greater than normal rate and lead to aging are: obesity, smoking, dirty air , stress, diet rich inpolyunsaturated fats, excessive protein intake, immobilization.

What-to-Include-or-Exclude-from-Your-Menu

What to Include or Exclude from Your Menu

What-to-Include-or-Exclude-from-Your-Menu_6_0

A study by <a href="https://www.bioseek.eu/bg/eng/research/pubmed/Associations_between_diet_lifestyle_factors_and_telomere_length_in_women_20219960" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Cassidy et al.</a> [ref. 10] it was found that the length of the telomer was positively associated with dietary intake of fiber and negatively related to waist circumference and intake of polyunsaturated fatty acids with food, especially linoleic acid.

What-to-Include-or-Exclude-from-Your-Menu_6_1

A decrease in protein intake (protein) in food also seems to increase longevity. In one study, a decrease in protein content in food by 40%, which led to an increase in the life of rats by 15%. [ref. 9]

What-to-Include-or-Exclude-from-Your-Menu_6_2

Food rich in antioxidants - such asvitamin C, E, beta-carotene and omega-3 fattyacids - also helps preserve longer telomeres.

What-to-Include-or-Exclude-from-Your-Menu_6_3

omega-3 fatty acids are healthy and what they are used for

What-to-Include-or-Exclude-from-Your-Menu_6_4

What-to-Include-or-Exclude-from-Your-Menu_6_5

Caloric restriction, or in other words, the smaller amount of food, lowers oxidative stress and DNA damage, which in animal studies has led to a 66% prolongation of their lives. [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11001793/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">ref. 11</a>]

Exercise-Brings-Youth

Exercise Brings Youth

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One of the ways in which exercise helps us stay young and healthy for longer is to reduce harmful fats and eliminate waste productsfaster , resultingin reduced oxidative stress and preserving DNA and telomeres.

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Exercises are associated with increased activity of the enzyme telomerase (it helps to build up telomeres) and suppression of several proteins- associatedwith programmed cell death - apoptosis.

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It has been found that in the cells of athletes there is increased activity of the enzyme telomerase and reduced shortening of telomeres, compared to people who are not athletes [<a href="https://www.bioseek.eu/bg/eng/research/pubmed/Physical_exercise_prevents_cellular_senescence_in_circulating_leukocytes_and_in_the_vessel_wall_19948976" target="_blank" rel="noopener">ref. 12</a>].

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It seems that exercise is associated with reduced oxidative stress and increased expression of proteins that stabilize telomeres, and can therefore reduce the rate of aging and age-related diseases.

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Progeria: Children Who Seem to Age Very Quickly

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<a href="/p/mutatsii_srieshchu_iestiestvien_podbor_e4a316a0_b5fd_4a51_8dc0_12a14405f8f2" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer"></a> <a href="https://www.progeriaresearch.org/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Progeria</a> [ref. 13] is an extremely rare genetic disease that occurs as a result of mutation , not heredity. It is thought to affect about 1 child in 4 million. It begins to manifest itself noticeably at the age of 1-2 yearsand the symptoms are similar to those of aging .

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Sometimes this name is called Hutchinson-Guildford syndrome. In 2003, the cause of progeria was detected – a gene mutation at 1824 <a href="/p/kak_ghienitie_opriedieliat_prilikata_s_roditielitie_ni_2256bb0a_9ee8_4d00_8f3e_7ca44b90aa45" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer"> </a> of the LMNA gene,in which cytosine is replaced by thimine.

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A child suffering from Hutchinson-Guildford syndrome. In green above: normal cell nucleus; below: cell nucleus of a suffering person with the syndrome. Credit: The Cell Nucleus and Aging: Tantalizing Clues and Hopeful Promises. Scaffidi et al.

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