The radish (Raphanus raphanistrum subsp. sativus) is an edible root vegetable of the family Brassicaceae that was domesticated in Asia prior to Roman times.

Radishes are grown and consumed throughout the world, being mostly eaten raw as a crunchy salad vegetable with bite. There are numerous varieties, varying in size, flavor, color, and length of time they take to mature. Radishes owe their sharp flavor to the various chemical compounds produced by the plants, including glucosinolate, myrosinase, ...

raphanus sativus

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Author: Rositsa Tashkova, Master of Molecular Biology and Microbiology

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During germination, chemical processes occur in the seeds, which make macro- and microelements in them more accessible to our organism when consumed. It is similar to digestion.

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Sprouts are rich in antioxidants and biologically active substances, they bring health benefits and enrich our diet. They are affordable, the seeds are cheap and easy to germinate at home. Sprouts may replace the need to take vitamins and minerals in the form of dietary supplements and pills.

Brown-rice-sprouts-(Oryza-sativa)

Brown rice sprouts (Oryza sativa)

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Brown rice sprouts are the most studied ones (white rice is the same plant, but with the hull removed). They have many benefits:

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<ul>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">improve blood sugar levels,</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">correct blood lipid levels (cholesterol),</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">have activity against oxidative stress and others.</li>
</ul>

Brown-rice-sprouts-(Oryza-sativa)_0_2

These effects can not be attributed to a single bioactive compound, but rather to a synergistic interaction between all compounds induced by the germination process (i.e. GABA, oryzanol, phenols, dietary fiber, etc.), so their effect is greatest when sprouts are consumed whole rather than in the form of extracts. [<a href="https://www.bioseek.eu/en/eng/research/pubmed/Sprouted_Grains_A_Comprehensive_Review_30781547" target="_blank" rel="noopener">ref.1</a>]

Tatary-buckwheat-sprouts-(Fagopyrum-tataricum)

Tatary buckwheat sprouts (Fagopyrum tataricum)

Tatary-buckwheat-sprouts-(Fagopyrum-tataricum)_1_0

Tatary buckwheat is also known as green buckwheat, ku qiao, Tatar buckwheat, or bitter buckwheat. Its sprouts can be used for the preparation of pasta (containing 30% buckwheat sprouts and 70% durum wheat semolina) - its consumption has been found to reduce cardiovascular risk and metabolic disorders, such as hypertension in laboratory animals.

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Fresh-wheat-leaves-juice-(Triticum-aestivum)

Fresh wheat leaves juice (Triticum aestivum)

Fresh-wheat-leaves-juice-(Triticum-aestivum)_2_0

The juice of the first green leaves of sprouted wheat is considered a superfood. It has been found that its intake by people suffering from <a href="/p/vidovie_talasiemiia_simptomi_i_liechieniie_afa4d9df_f99e_4122_bba7_329dd33442e4" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">thalassemia</a> reduces the need and frequency of blood transfusions without negatively affecting hemoglobin levels.

Fresh-wheat-leaves-juice-(Triticum-aestivum)_2_1

The possibilities for use in the treatment of ulcerative&nbsp;colitis are also explored, since it has a high <a href="/p/maghdanozt_tsielinata_i_drughi_bilki_koito_pomaghat_v_borbata_s_raka_431f42b9_91a1_4cb7_b9d4_e633b827af78" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">apigenin content</a>.

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This juice is rich in many healthy substances: iron, calcium, magnesium, vitamins A, C, E, K and B complex, etc.

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It has an antioxidant, antibacterial and anti-inflammatory effect.

Broccoli-sprouts-(Brassica-oleracea-var.-Italica)

Broccoli sprouts (Brassica oleracea  var. Italica)

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Broccoli sprouts are rich in a variety of biologically active substances [<a href="https://www.bioseek.eu/en/eng/research/pubmed/Sorting_out_the_Value_of_Cruciferous_Sprouts_as_Sources_of_Bioactive_Compounds_for_Nutrition_and_Health_30791362" target="_blank" rel="noopener">ref.2</a>]: the flavonoids quercetin and kaempferol, the phenolic acids synapine and ferrulic acid, glucosinolates and isotiocyanates.

Broccoli-sprouts-(Brassica-oleracea-var.-Italica)_3_1

These substances are associated with a decreased risk of cancer, degenerative diseases, metabolic disorders associated with obesity, suppression <a href="/p/siennata_khriema_kakvo_ia_prichiniava_i_ima_li_iefikasno_liechieniie_8d03ed12_7efb_4591_802c_8d89e97f3607" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">of allergic rhinitis/hay fever</a>, decreased inflammation, pain suppression and antioxidant effects.

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In human studies, broccoli sprouts have shown the ability to modulate inflammation and vascular events, suppress inflammation in those suffering from obesity and diabetes, regulate bowel functions in constipation.

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Broccoli sprouts also have an impact on the skin. May provide protection against inflammation, swelling and carcinogens in humans.

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It has been established that broccoli sprout extract can improve the condition of asthma sufferers.

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They also showed an effect against the causative agent of gastric ulcer - Helicobacter pylori.

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Turnip-sprouts-(Raphanus-sativus)

Turnip sprouts (Raphanus sativus)

Turnip-sprouts-(Raphanus-sativus)_4_0

Turnip sprouts also contain quercetin, ferulic, caffeic and p-coumaric acids, glucosinolates and the isothiocyanates sulforaphene, sulforaphane and indole-3-carbinol.

Turnip-sprouts-(Raphanus-sativus)_4_1

They lower the risk of cancer, <a href="/p/bilki_za_zdravo_srtsie_chast_1_bdd3a061_589a_402f_846f_042cbc215d6e" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">heart disease</a>, <a href="/p/5_bilki_poliezni_za_diabietitsi_i_khora_izlozhieni_na_risk_ot_boliestta_a1be3113_4acb_48b7_98d1_885314093e78" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">diabetes</a> and have <a href="/p/kakvi_sa_polzitie_ot_antioksidantitie_za_zdravieto_i_koi_khrani_sa_nai_boghati_na_tiakh_0376155d_ea0c_4218_8ed2_114aed9f37c5" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">antioxidant activity</a>.

Kale-sprouts-(Brassica-oleracea-var.-acephala)

Kale sprouts (Brassica oleracea  var. acephala)

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Kale sprouts contain quercetin and cyanidin, chlorogenic and ferulic acids and glucosinolates.

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Their consumption is associated with a reduced risk of oncological and heart disease, a reduced risk of diabetes and high antioxidant activity.

Bok-choy-sprouts-(Brassica-rapa-var.-chinensis)

Bok choy sprouts (Brassica rapa  var. chinensis)

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Bok choi sprouts, also known as pichay/petsay, or pok choi, contain kaempferol, quercetin, ferulic, caffeic and p-coumaric acids and glucosinolates.

Bok-choy-sprouts-(Brassica-rapa-var.-chinensis)_6_1

Their consumption is associated with a reduced risk of cancer and heart disease, diabetes and have antioxidant activity.

Bok-choy-sprouts-(Brassica-rapa-var.-chinensis)_6_2

Other-seeds-and-nuts-suitable-for-the-preparation-of-sprouts

Other seeds and nuts suitable for the preparation of sprouts

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Many other seeds and nuts are suitable for germination and readily available:

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<ul>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Peas, lentils, mung beans, soybeans;</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Wheat, oats;</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Beetroot, mustard seeds, clover;</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Sunflower, pumpkin seed, alfalfa, almond, sesame.</li>
</ul>

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It is better to avoid the consumption of sprouts from kidney beans and quinoa, since they contain irritant substances and in some people have an adverse effect.

What-to-watch-out-for

What to watch out for

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Sprouts are very rich in nutrients. They can be consumed raw or lightly cooked, in salads and sandwiches. Therefore, it is important to wash the seeds as thoroughly as possible, as there is a risk of contamination with bacteria (e.g. E. coli and Salmonella) or parasites, which can make the consumption of raw sprouts dangerous.

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When ingesting contaminated sprouts, the first symptoms appear after 12 to 72 hours: diarrhea, vomiting, abdominal pain.

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This can be particularly dangerous for children, immunocompromised people, older people and pregnant women. It is recommended that they avoid consuming raw sprouts or sprouts at all.

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How-to-prepare-sprouts-at-home

How to prepare sprouts at home

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You need a large jar, a lid with holes, or gauze and an elastic band, instead of a lid. First, the seeds are soaked in cool water for several hours, depending on their type (most often 8 hours, but sesame and sunflower are soaked for 1 hour only). [<a href="https://wholefully.com/sprouting-101/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">ref.3</a>]

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Then the water is drained, the seeds are rinsed with fresh cool water, which is also drained away. Drain the seeds well, and the jar can be placed with the lid down and tilted to drain.

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This rinsing and draining is repeated twice each day, until the desired length of the sprouts is reached.

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It is not needed to put the jar in direct sunlight or in the dark.

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When ready, rinse the sprouts one last time and distribute them on a paper tissue to dry. Otherwise, moisture will lead to their moulding. Then the sprouts can be stored for 2-3 days to 1 week in a box, paved with a clean cloth or paper against moisture retention.

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If the sprouts develop mold, don't eat them! Discard them and try again.

Q&amp;A

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Do I need a special device or a machine to always have fresh sprouts at home?

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As we described above, the process of producing sprouts at home is very easy and you do not need a special appliance or machine for this purpose. However, various appliances are available on the market which require compliance with the same steps - soaking the seeds and watering them with water twice a day or according to the indication. These appliances are also called a sprouting machine or system.

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Where to buy sprouting seeds from?

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You can buy seeds for germination from specialized seed stores, explicitly telling them for what purpose you buy the seeds (for germination and consumption of raw sprouts) or you can simply buy seeds and nuts from the local store (from here you can buy raw sunflower, almonds and much more).

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Are there any special jars for germination, or can I use whatever I have?

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Although you can safely use the jars available at home, special jars for the production of sprouts are also sold on the market. They have a suitable for draining cap, as well as a special stand to keep the jar in a position for better draining, while allowing proper airing of seeds and sprouts.

The 7 most useful sprouts and how to prepare them at home - easy and tasty

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 The 7 most useful sprouts and how to prepare them at home - easy and

Rositsa Tashkova-Kacharova

Osteoporosis is a disease that mainly affects women after menopause. Unfortunately, only then do we start thinking about it, and measures can be taken much earlier. For example, active sports at a young age is a factor that is often overlooked, but in fact has a strong positive effect on bone density and therefore their strength later in life.

Role-of-herbs-in-the-treatment-and-prevention-of-osteoporosis

Role of herbs in the treatment and prevention of osteoporosis

Role-of-herbs-in-the-treatment-and-prevention-of-osteoporosis_0_0

Studies are also being carried out on various herbs and medicinal plants that can be used to increase bone density and combat osteoporosis. They may serve as a complementary medicine to the main treatment, especially in postmenopausal women.

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Some of these plants have estrogen-like properties that are important for bone health. It is good to keep in mind that herbal treatments are supportive and have a slow effect, and therefore it is recommended to use them for prevention and maintenance, and not as a single treatment.

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Herbs can exert an impact on inflammatory processes and metabolism, reduce bone destruction and help preserve calcium in the body.

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Eleuthero-(Acanthopanax-senticosus)

Eleuthero (Acanthopanax senticosus)

Eleuthero-(Acanthopanax-senticosus)_1_0

The herb is also called &nbsp;devil's bush, Siberian ginseng, ciwujia, Devil's shrub, shigoka, touch-me-not, wild pepper, or kan jang. A study by Hwang et al. has found that taking 3 grams of powdered extract of the herb per day for 6 months leads to positive effects on bone structure in menopausal women. [<a href="https://www.bioseek.eu/en/eng/research/pubmed/The_effects_of_Acanthopanax_senticosus_extract_on_bone_turnover_and_bone_mineral_density_in_Korean_postmenopausal_women_19452124" target="_blank" rel="noopener">ref.1</a>]

Red-clover-(Trifolium-pratense)-contains-estrogen-like-compounds

Red clover (Trifolium pratense) contains estrogen-like compounds

Red-clover-(Trifolium-pratense)-contains-estrogen-like-compounds_2_0

It is believed that red clover contains estrogen-like compounds, which may be due to its potential positive effect on bone density observed in some studies. [<a href="https://www.hindawi.com/journals/ecam/2015/689138/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">ref.2</a>]

Red-clover-(Trifolium-pratense)-contains-estrogen-like-compounds_2_1

Unfortunately, these estrogen-like compounds may interact adversely with other medications, as well as not be suitable for some patients suffering or prone to other diseases (for example, estrogen-dependent breast cancer) therefore a preliminary consultation with a doctor is necessary.

Red-clover-(Trifolium-pratense)-contains-estrogen-like-compounds_2_2

Soybeans-(Glycine-max)-may-have-a-protective-effect-on-bones

Soybeans (Glycine max) may have a protective effect on bones

Soybeans-(Glycine-max)-may-have-a-protective-effect-on-bones_3_0

Soybeans contain isoflavons - they also resemble estrogen, and it is believed that for this reason they can have a protective effect on bones against loss of density.

Soybeans-(Glycine-max)-may-have-a-protective-effect-on-bones_3_1

Many different studies have found such an effect of taking soy isoflavons. But here is also the same warning about the likelihood of interaction and adverse effects in some patients. [<a href="https://www.bioseek.eu/en/eng/research/pubmed/The_pros_and_cons_of_phytoestrogens_20347861" target="_blank" rel="noopener">ref.3</a>]

Genistein

Genistein_4_0

Phytoestrogen genistein also belongs to the group of isoflavons and has an oestrogen-like effect. For the first time, the substance is isolated from the plant dyer's greenweed or dyer's broom&nbsp;(Genista tinctoria), from whose Latin name comes the name of the substance.

Genistein_4_1

Genistein is also found in soybeans (Glycine max), lupine (Lupinus), broad beans or fava bean (Vicia faba), Psoralea, kudzu (Japanese arrowroot or Chinese arrowroot), coffee.

Genistein_4_2

Various studies [<a href="https://www.bioseek.eu/en/eng/research/pubmed/Effects_of_genistein_and_hormone_replacement_therapy_on_bone_loss_in_early_postmenopausal_women_a_randomized_double_blind_placebo_controlled_study_12369794" target="_blank" rel="noopener">ref.4</a>] establish the effectiveness of this phytoestrogen in osteoporosis, and the mechanisms and contraindications are similar to those described above.

Genistein_4_3

Chinese-traditional-medicine-and-herbal-combinations

Chinese traditional medicine and herbal combinations

Chinese-traditional-medicine-and-herbal-combinations_5_0

A number of herbal combinations of Chinese traditional medicine have shown effectiveness against osteoporosis. [<a href="http://j.skums.ac.ir/Article/jskums-90" target="_blank" rel="noopener">ref.5</a>] Here we will focus on some of them:

Chinese-traditional-medicine-and-herbal-combinations_5_1

<ul>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Yang Huo San Zi Tang - contains seeds of white mustard (Sinapis alba), shiso seeds (Perilla frutescens), daikon turnip seeds (Raphanus sativus var. Longipinnatus);</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Yigu of capsules - contains common wheat (Triticum aestivum), dried fruits of Psoralea corylifolia, sweet wormwood (Artemisia annua), Xanthium sibiricum, bitter apricot nuts, ricebean (Vigna umbellata).</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Bo-gu Ling;</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Classic Yin and Yang Tonic Formula - contains a variety of phytoestrogens, such as isoflavones, lignans and coumarin;</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Xian Ling GuBao - consists of 9 herbs, among which Еpimedium, psoralen, Rehmannia root, danshen or also known as red sage (Salvia miltiorrhiza), Anemarrhena asphodeloides&nbsp;and others.</li>
</ul>

Chinese-traditional-medicine-and-herbal-combinations_5_2

Some herbs and herbal combinations have a positive effect on osteoporosis, especially in menopausal women. However, due to the similarity of the active substances in these medicinal plants with the hormone estrogen, which are due to their effects, it is necessary to carefully monitor the therapy and the approach to each patient should be individual, according to their medical history, diseases and medications they use.

Bone density in osteoporosis: which herbs may improve it

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 Bone density in osteoporosis: which herbs may improve it

Author: Rositsa Tashkova, Master of Molecular Biology and Microbiology

The most common problem associated with the prostate in men over 50, is its enlargement. The condition has different names - enlarged prostate, benign hyperplasia (BPH) or enlargement of the prostate gland.

According to some data, more than 50% of men over the age of 60 suffer from an enlarged prostate, and the percentage becomes impressive after 85 years of age - 90%.

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In the article you will learn:

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<ul>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">What is the prostate - ads do not give a comprehensive answer</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">What is the condition enlarged prostate, causes and risk factors</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Symptoms, that the prostate is enlarged</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Treatment of enlarged prostate by conventional means and drugs</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Alternative treatment of enlarged prostate with herbs</li>
</ul>

What-is-the-prostate

What is the prostate

What-is-the-prostate_0_0

The prostate is an organ that only men have. It is an apricot-sized gland and produces some of the ingredients of seminal fluid. The gland is located right in front of the rectum (right intestine) and under the bladder.

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The prostate surrounds the urethra - the duct that carries urine from the bladder outwards. It is a vital organ for the proper functioning of the male reproductive system.

What-is-the-prostate_0_2

What-is-the-prostate_0_3

The prostate secretes fluid that keeps sperm alive and mobile, protecting the genetic code they carry. It contains a number of substances, including enzymes, zinc and citric acid. One of these enzymes (PSA) liquifies&nbsp;the seminal fluid after a few minutes outside the male body, allowing sperm to move more easily to the egg.

What-is-the-prostate_0_4

During ejaculation, the prostate shrinks and injects its fluid into the urethra. In doing so, it closes the opening between the bladder and the urethra and the semen passes at high speed. That is why it is impossible for urine to pass during ejaculation. [<a href="https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/319859#what-does-the-prostate-do" target="_blank" rel="noopener">ref. 1</a>]

Enlarged-prostate---causes-and-risk-factors

Enlarged prostate - causes and risk factors

Enlarged-prostate---causes-and-risk-factors_1_0

Benign (noncancerous) enlargement of the prostate is a condition that blocks the passage of urine through the urethra. Prostate cells gradually multiply, creating an enlargement that puts pressure on the urethra and, accordingly, prevents the normal discharge of urine and semen from the body.

Enlarged-prostate---causes-and-risk-factors_1_1

The narrowed urethra forces the bladder to contract more strongly to get rid of urine.

Enlarged-prostate---causes-and-risk-factors_1_2

Thus, over time, the bladder muscle can become stronger, thicker and too sensitive. As a result, it begins to shrink, even when it contains small amounts of urine, leading to the well-known need to urinate frequently.

Enlarged-prostate---causes-and-risk-factors_1_3

Enlarged-prostate---causes-and-risk-factors_1_4

However, the bladder muscle can not overcome the effect of the narrowed urethra, so urine remains in the bladder and it does not empty completely.

Enlarged-prostate---causes-and-risk-factors_1_5

It is not entirely clear what causes an enlarged prostate. However, this may be due to changes in the balance of sex hormones when men get older. There are several risk factors for prostate enlargement. These include:

Enlarged-prostate---causes-and-risk-factors_1_6

<ul>
<li style="font-weight: 400;"><a href="/p/10_liubopitni_fakta_za_starieienieto_i_kak_da_gho_zabavim_359c758c_61cf_45c5_9da2_e588e3e54d79" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">Aging</a>. Prostate enlargement rarely manifests itself with any symptoms in men younger than 40 years of age. About a third of men experience moderate to severe symptoms by the age of 60, and about half - up to the age of 80.</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;"><a href="/p/kak_ghienitie_opriedieliat_prilikata_s_roditielitie_ni_2256bb0a_9ee8_4d00_8f3e_7ca44b90aa45" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">Heredity</a>. If you have a blood relative - for example, a father or brother with prostate problems - the condition is more likely to affect you. Studies show that genetic factor is of great importance and is most likely autosomal dominant inheritance. [<a href="https://www.bioseek.eu/bg/eng/research/pubmed/Familial_aggregation_of_bothersome_benign_prostatic_hyperplasia_symptoms_12670565" target="_blank" rel="noopener">ref. 6</a>]</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;"><a href="/p/vsichko_za_diabiet_tip_2_na_iedno_miasto_9b1be4d6_84a7_42c6_8e37_de3bd6480ba1" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">Diabetes</a> and heart disease. Research has shown that diabetes, as well as heart disease and the use of beta blockers, can increase the risk of prostate enlargement.</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Lifestyle. Obesity increases the risk of increased prostate, and exercise can reduce it.</li>
</ul>

Symptoms-of-enlargedprostate

Symptoms of enlargedprostate

Symptoms-of-enlargedprostate_2_0

At the initial stages of enlargement of the prostate, symptoms may not appear, but as the condition progresses, the following complaints usually appear:

Symptoms-of-enlargedprostate_2_1

<ul>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Weak urinary stream</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Feeling incomplete emptying of the bladder</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Difficulty starting when urinating</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Frequent urination</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">A sense of urgency to go</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Getting up often at night to urinate</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">A stream that starts and stops at intersections</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Going back to the toilet again, minutes after the last time</li>
</ul>

raphanus sativus

Bone density in osteoporosis: which herbs may improve it

Causes, conventional and herbal treatment of enlarged prostate