Common sorrel or garden sorrel (Rumex acetosa), often simply called sorrel, is a perennial herb in the family Polygonaceae. Other names for sorrel include spinach dock and narrow-leaved dock. It is a common plant in grassland habitats and is cultivated as a garden herb or salad vegetable (pot herb).

Sorrel is a slender herbaceous perennial plant about 60 centimetres (24 inches) high, with roots that run deep into the ground, as well as juicy stems and edible, arrow-shaped (sagittate) leaves. The ...

rumex acetosa

What-is-Sorrel-(Rumex-acetosa)

What is Sorrel (Rumex acetosa)

What-is-Sorrel-(Rumex-acetosa)_0_0

Rumex acetosa - the Latin name of the sorrel, belongs to Polygonaceae&nbsp; family, the species found all over the world (African, Asian, American and European countries). <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26297" target="_blank" data-ref="Rumex acetosa" rel="noopener">[ref. 1]</a> ] About 200 species of the genus Rumex are well-known, and sorrel (Rumex acetosa) is traditionally used as a vegetable, as well as for medical purposes. Its diverse possibilities for use in traditional and cultural applications are the subject of many studies revealing its phytochemical and pharmacological properties.&nbsp;

What-is-Sorrel-(Rumex-acetosa)_0_1

Although R. acetosa is known for its traditional areas of use, its leaves, stem and roots are used as food for humans. Many authors have studied the nutritional and dietary properties of the leaves, stem and oil of this plant and concluded that they have the potential for creating a niche in the food industry and even serving as a functional food.

What-is-Sorrel-(Rumex-acetosa)_0_2

What-is-Sorrel-(Rumex-acetosa)_0_3

Sorrel is a rich green plant that contains important vitamins and minerals for the human body. Part of its nutritional profile includes oxalic acid, the flavonoid glycoside quercetin-galactoside and vitamins and minerals, including:

What-is-Sorrel-(Rumex-acetosa)_0_4

<ul><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Vitamin A is a fat-soluble vitamin that is important for maintaining bone growth, building a strong immune system and good vision.</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Vitamin C is a water-soluble vitamin, with essential antioxidant activity and function in the synthesis of collagen in the human body.</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Sodium, potassium and magnesium are the most common minerals in human cells and each plays a role in electrolyte and liquid balance.</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Calcium and iron, which are necessary for bone growth. They are a structural component of the skeletal formation and are necessary for the distribution of oxygen and DNA synthesis. &nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0254629918315436#bb0280" target="_blank" data-ref="ScienceDirectScience DirectScienceDirect helpElsevierRELX Group" rel="noopener">[ref. 1]</a>&nbsp; </li></ul>Rumex acetosa also possesses several secondary metabolites - anthraquinones, polyphenols, naphthalenes and other compounds, and to date more than 50 compounds have been isolated from this wild vegetable.&nbsp;

Pharmacological-effects-of-sorrel-and-its-ingredients

Pharmacological effects of sorrel and its ingredients

Pharmacological-effects-of-sorrel-and-its-ingredients_1_0

<ul><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Antioxidant action - the action of Rumex acetosa has been explored in various research studies involving other plant families. R. acetosa has been shown to exhibit very strong activity in capturing free radicals with a value of IC50 is 1.86&plusmn;0.06&mu;g/mL. This provides a scientific basis for the historical use of the sorrel plant for the treatment of certain diseases in humans.&nbsp;</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Antibacterial action - periodontitis is known as "gum disease" and is a very common condition in which gums and deeper periodontal structures become inflamed, in short, it is briefly called gum inflammation. A team of scientists reported in their publication "Proteinase-inhibiting activity of an extract of Rumex acetosa L. against virulence factors of Porphyromonas gingivalis S Beckert 1, A Hensel 1", that the extract of R. acetosa has antibacterial activity against the gram-negative bacterium Porphyromonas gingivalis, which is considered one of the main etiological agents of periodontitis. &nbsp;<a href="https://www.thieme-connect.com/products/ejournals/abstract/10.1055/s-0033-1352210" target="_blank" data-ref="Thieme E-Journals - Planta Medica / Abstract" rel="noopener">[ref. 3]</a> There are data on the use of Rumex acetosa aboveground parts in traditional European medicine in inflammatory diseases of the epithelial tissue of the mouth, as well as in other oral diseases and infections. &nbsp;<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25803708/" target="_blank" data-ref="Extract from Rumex acetosa L. for prophylaxis of periodontitis: inhibition of bacterial in vitro adhesion and of gingipains of Porphyromonas gingivalis by epicatechin-3-O-(4&beta;&rarr;8)-epicatechin-3-O-gallate (procyanidin-B2-Di-gallate) - PubMed" rel="noopener">[Ref. 4]</a> &nbsp; </li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Anti-inflammatory and antipyretic action - in a study of a research team from Serbia it becomes clear that rhizome extracts of R. acetosa and R. acetosella show a significant value of IC50 of 0,37 and 0,36 mg/mL respectively, therefore rhizome extracts of R. acetosa and R. acetosella act as the most selective inhibitors of COX-1 enzyme. Along with other components of the plant, anti-inflammatory and antipyretic action may be even greater, but more research is needed.</li></ul>

Recipes-with-sorrel-for-every-kitchen

Recipes with sorrel for every kitchen

Scrambled-eggs-with-sorrel

Scrambled eggs with sorrel

Scrambled-eggs-with-sorrel_2_0

The necessary ingredients for the recipe are:

Scrambled-eggs-with-sorrel_2_1

<ul><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">1/2 tablespoon extra virgin olive oil</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">1/2 tablespoon unsalted butter</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">1 shallot finely chopped&nbsp;</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">2 cups sorrel, rinsed, dried and chopped with lower stems removed</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">4 eggs</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Salt and pepper to taste</li></ul>Instructions for preparation:

Scrambled-eggs-with-sorrel_2_2

<ol><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Over a medium heat, pre-heat a small frying pan and add the butter and oil.</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">When the butter has melted, add the chopped shallots. Stew for a few minutes until they start to soften.</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Add the sorrel and stir until slightly get soft. The sorrel will begin to change its color from bright green to gray-green color, which means it is ready. It only takes a few minutes.</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">In a bowl beat together the eggs and pour the sorrel mixture into the pan. Add salt and pepper to taste.</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Stir until the eggs are boiled and you're ready!</li></ol>

Scrambled-eggs-with-sorrel_2_3

Delicious-sorrel-soup-(hot-or-cold)

Delicious sorrel soup (hot or cold)

Delicious-sorrel-soup-(hot-or-cold)_2_0

Delicious-sorrel-soup-(hot-or-cold)_2_1

<ul><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">2 handful sorrel leaves, about 3 cups, washed and dried</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">2 tablespoons butter</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">1/2 large sweet onion, chopped</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">5 to 6 small potatoes, cut into bites</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">2 cups chicken or vegetable broth</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">1 egg, lightly beaten</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Salt and pepper, to taste</li></ul>Toppings can be sour cream or thick yogurt for hot or cold soup and finely chopped cucumber and radish for cold soup.

Delicious-sorrel-soup-(hot-or-cold)_2_2

Instructions for preparation:&nbsp;

Delicious-sorrel-soup-(hot-or-cold)_2_3

<ol><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Arrange the sorrel leaves and cut into strips. Set aside.&nbsp;</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">In a large saucepan with a tight-fitting lid, heat the oil over a medium heat. When the butter has melted, add the onions. Cook and stir occasionally, until the onions are cooked through, about 20 minutes.&nbsp;</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Add the sorrel, potatoes and broth. If the broth does not cover the contents, add a little water. Bring to a boil, reduce the heat to low, cover and cook until the potatoes soften, about 15 minutes.&nbsp;</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">When the potatoes are ready, transfer half of the mixture to a blender or food processor (blenders give better results). Blend gently until the mixture is pureed and homogenous.&nbsp;</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Repeat with the remaining soup. Return the soup to the pan over a low heat.&nbsp;</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Temper the egg by beating it with about a quarter cup of soup, then pour the egg mixture into the pan. Cook, stir continuously, until the soup thickens, about 5 minutes. Don't boil it.</li></ol>&nbsp;

Delicious-sorrel-soup-(hot-or-cold)_2_4

If you are serving hot soup, garnish each serving with sour cream or yogurt. If serving cold, cover the soup tightly and refrigerate for at least 4 hours before serving. Add sour cream or yogurt and chopped cucumbers and radishes.&nbsp;

Delicious-sorrel-soup-(hot-or-cold)_2_5

Sorrel-pie

Sorrel pie

Sorrel-pie_2_0

For this delicious recipe you will need the following ingredients:

Sorrel-pie_2_1

<ul><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Crusts for pie - 1 package</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Fresh sorrel - 2 handfuls</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Cheese - 150 g</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Cottage cheese - 100 g yellow cheese</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Eggs - 4 pcs.</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Yogurt - 5 tbsp</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Baking soda - 3/4 tsp</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Butter - 70 g</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Sunflower oil - 80 ml</li></ul>Instructions for preparation:

Sorrel-pie_2_2

<ol><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">The sorrel is cleaned from handles and stings, washed and put in a bowl to the side.</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">To the sorrel you should add the beaten eggs and yogurt with the soda pre-extinguished in the milk. Add the cottage cheese and crushed cheese. Stir the stuffing well until homogeneous.</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Place three sheets of the crusts carefully folded into a greased tray. Put stuffing and water on top with a little melted butter and oil. Then continue with crusts, stuffing, fat and so until they are finished.</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Grease lightly with butter or olive oil and bake in an oven at 200 degrees for about 30 minutes, checking not to get overbaked.</li></ol>

The health benefits of sorrel can include its ability to improve vision, slow down aging, reduce skin infections, strengthen the immune system and improve digestion. This perennial plant is used to prepare delicious soups, sauces, salads and even for pie. Rich in antioxidants and nutrients such as fiber, vitamin C and magnesium, sorrel has a well-deserved place in a healthy diet and lifestyle.

Sorrel for improved digestive and anti-inflammatory function, plus more benefits

https://sanatio.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/0591aafd-9807-46aa-998c-a249749d4199_middle.jpg

Sorrel for improved digestive and anti-inflammatory function, plus mor

Бетина Цветкова

_-1_0

Author: Rositsa Tashkova, Master of Molecular Biology and Microbiology

_-1_1

_-1_2

Some of the plants we are used to living with or even eating may pose a danger to our pets. In this article you will read which plants and foods we need to watch out for in order to preserve the health and life of our four-legged friends.

Alcoholic-beverages

Alcoholic beverages

Alcoholic-beverages_0_0

Alcohol is toxic to animals. It can lead to dangerously low blood sugar levels, low blood presure and body temperature. Alcohol suppresses the central nervous system and can stop breathing and cause death.

Apple-seeds,-apricot-pits,-cherry-pits,-peach-pits

Apple seeds, apricot pits, cherry pits, peach pits

Apple-seeds,-apricot-pits,-cherry-pits,-peach-pits_1_0

All of them contain cyanide inside, which is toxic and released by chewing the seeds or pits. If the animal accidentally swallows a few apple seeds, it probably will not get hurt, but the risk is not worth it.

Avocado

Avocado_2_0

The leaves, fruits, seeds and bark of avocados contain persine. This substance can cause vomiting and diarrhea in dogs and more serious signs of poisoning in other animals - birds, horses and rodents are particularly sensitive to the toxicity of avocados.

Avocado_2_1

Chocolate-and-candy

Chocolate and candy

Chocolate-and-candy_3_0

Chocolate is toxic to dogs, cats and ferrets due to its content of theobromine and caffeine, which can excessively increase heart rate and cause excessive activation of the nervous system, seizures and death. Cocoa powder is most dangerous, followed by dark chocolate.

Coffee-and-black-or-green-tea

Coffee and black or green tea

Coffee-and-black-or-green-tea_4_0

Animals are much more sensitive to caffeine than humans. The symptoms of caffeine poisoning are similar to those of chocolate poisoning - tremor, vomiting, diarrhea, rapid heartbeat, high blood pressure, seizures.

Artificial-sweeteners

Artificial sweeteners

Artificial-sweeteners_5_0

Xyliol is a common artificial sweetener in our food - in candy, chewing gum, etc. It is toxic to pets.

Garlic-and-onions

Garlic and onions

Garlic-and-onions_6_0

Garlic, onions and all representatives of their family contain thiosulfate, which is harmless to us, but toxic to animals, since it leads to oxidative damage of red blood cells and hemolytic anemia.

Garlic-and-onions_6_1

Grapes-and-raisins

Grapes and raisins

Grapes-and-raisins_7_0

They are particularly dangerous for dogs. Their consumption leads to vomiting and diarrhea, but the danger comes from the fact that they can cause sudden renal failure, which is a very serious condition.

Hops-and-beer

Hops and beer

Hops-and-beer_8_0

Hops are particularly dangerous for dogs, but also for cats. It leads to a very strong and dangerous increase in body temperature, vomiting, anxiety, rapid pulse and even death after only a few hours.

Macadamia-nuts

Macadamia nuts

Macadamia-nuts_9_0

In dogs, macadamia nuts can cause vomiting, ataxia (loss of balance and coordination), weakness, hyperthermia and depression.

Mouldy-foods

Mouldy foods

Mouldy-foods_10_0

As we would not eat mouldy food, so it is also dangerous for animals due to the content of mycotoxins in mold, capable of damaging the liver and other organs and systems.

Mouldy-foods_10_1

The-green-parts-of-potatoes-and-tomatoes

The green parts of potatoes and tomatoes

The-green-parts-of-potatoes-and-tomatoes_11_0

Potatoes and tomatoes are from the same family - Solanaceae, and contain the poisonous substance solanine. If a small amount is ingested, poisoning should not occur. But large amounts of solanine lead to confusion, severe gastrointestinal disorders, lethargy and weakness.

Wild-mushrooms

Wild mushrooms

Wild-mushrooms_12_0

People mistakenly think that the dog would not eat a poisonous mushroom. Unfortunately, it does not have an innate instinct for this and cases of dogs poisoned by wild mushrooms are not rare. Even worse, some poisonous mushrooms smell like fish, which especially attracts dogs and can have fatal consequences. Experts advise to immediately contact a veterinarian if you see that your dog has eaten a mushroom while on a walk in nature.

Mustard-and-mustard-seeds

Mustard and mustard seeds

Mustard-and-mustard-seeds_13_0

Mustard seed (from which mustard is made) contains substances that lead to inflammation of the stomach or digestive system - gastroenteritis.

Salt

Salt_14_0

It sounds strange, but it is true. Salt poisoning in dogs and cats leads to vomiting, diarrhea, decreased appetite, lethargy, impaired coordination, excessive thirst or urination. In severe cases, tremors, convulsions, coma and even death are possible.

Salt_14_1

Walnuts

Walnuts_15_0

Walnuts are safe for pets only in small quantities. Signs of poisoning include vomiting, tremor, weakness, fever, seizures.

Bread-yeast-and-yeast-dough

Bread yeast and yeast dough

Bread-yeast-and-yeast-dough_16_0

Yeast is very toxic to dogs. If they get into the digestive system alive, they find favorable conditions for development and cause severe bloating of the stomach, which is a life-threatening condition. In addition, they release alcohol that enters the blood and can lead to alcohol poisoning.

Herbs-that-are-poisonous-to-dogs

Herbs that are poisonous to dogs

Herbs-that-are-poisonous-to-dogs_17_0

Here are which herbs and spices it is good to keep away from the dog:

Herbs-that-are-poisonous-to-dogs_17_1

<ul>
<li>Mace (spice made from the shell of the nutmeg)</li>
<li>Oregano (Origanum vulgare)</li>
<li>Cannabis sativa</li>
<li>Marjoram (Origanum majorana)</li>
<li>Tarragon, taros (Artemisia dracunculus)</li>
<li>Borage, medicinal cucumber (Borago officinalis)</li>
<li>Camomile (Matricaria chamomilla)</li>
<li>Sorrel (Rumex acetosa)</li>
<li>Bay leaf (Lauraceae)</li>
<li>Epazote, Mexican tea (Dysphania ambrosioides)</li>
<li>Lemon verbena (Aloysia citrodora) and lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus)</li>
<li>Mint in large quantities (Mentha)</li>
</ul>

Herbs-that-are-poisonous-to-dogs_17_2

Herbs-that-are-poisonous-to-cats

Herbs that are poisonous to cats

Herbs-that-are-poisonous-to-cats_18_0

Here are which herbs and spices it is good to keep away from the cat:

Herbs-that-are-poisonous-to-cats_18_1

<ul>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Oregano</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Marjoram</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Cannabis</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Tarragon</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Borage</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Chamomile</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Sorrel</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Lavender in large quantities</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Epazote, Mexican tea</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Lemon verbena and lemongrass</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Mint in large quantities</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Bay leaf</li>
</ul>

Herbs-that-are-poisonous-to-cats_18_2

It is important to distinguish between tastes, emotions and physiology between humans and animals without attributing ours to them. This will help us understand them and their world much better and meet their needs appropriately.

rumex acetosa

Plants and foods that are toxic for your pets