Salvia officinalis (sage, also called garden sage, common sage, or culinary sage) is a perennial, evergreen subshrub, with woody stems, grayish leaves, and blue to purplish flowers. It is a member of the mint family Lamiaceae and native to the Mediterranean region, though it has been naturalized in many places throughout the world. It has a long history of medicinal and culinary use, and in modern times it has been used as an ornamental garden plant. The common name 'sage' is also used for a number ...

salvia officinalis

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Memory-Loss-That-Disrupts-Daily-Life

1. Memory Loss That Disrupts Daily Life

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One of the most commonly recognized early signs of Alzheimer's is frequent memory loss, particularly involving recently learned information. Forgetfulness becomes more noticeable over time, potentially disrupting daily activities.

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Bacopa Monnieri, known as Brahmi, has been used traditionally in Ayurvedic medicine to enhance memory and cognitive function. This small, creeping herb is native to the wetlands of India, Australia, Europe, Africa, Asia, and North and South America.

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You can make a simple Bacopa tea by steeping 2 teaspoons of dried Bacopa in a cup of boiling water for 10 minutes. Drink this once or twice a day for best results.

Difficulty-Completing-Familiar-Tasks

2. Difficulty Completing Familiar Tasks

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Another indicator of Alzheimer's is a sudden difficulty in completing routine tasks, like driving to familiar locations or managing budgets at work.

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Gingko Biloba (Maidenhair tree), native to China, has been widely used for its potential to improve cognitive function. Gingko Biloba leaves can be prepared as a tea or taken as a supplement.

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To prepare a Gingko Biloba tea, steep 1 teaspoon of dried leaves in boiling water for about 10 minutes. Take this tea once or twice daily.

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Confusion-with-Time-or-Place

3. Confusion with Time or Place

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People with Alzheimer's often lose track of dates, seasons, or the passage of time. They may also forget where they are or how they got there.

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The herb Salvia officinalis (common sage), native to the Mediterranean region, has been reported to improve cognitive function and may assist in alleviating this symptom. A simple sage tea can be prepared by adding 1 teaspoon of dried sage to boiling water, let it steep for 10 minutes, then strain and drink.

Trouble-Understanding-Visual-Images-and-Spatial-Relationships

4. Trouble Understanding Visual Images and Spatial Relationships

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Vision problems are another sign of Alzheimer's. Some people may experience difficulty reading, judging distance, and determining color or contrast.

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While there are no specific herbs known to treat this Alzheimer's symptom directly, maintaining overall eye health is crucial. Bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus) is often used to support eye health.

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To make Bilberry tea, add 2 teaspoons of dried Bilberries to a cup of boiling water, let it steep for 10 minutes, then strain and enjoy.

Problems-with-Words-in-Speaking-or-Writing

5. Problems with Words in Speaking or Writing

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People with Alzheimer's may have trouble following or joining a conversation. They may stop in the middle of a conversation and have no idea how to continue.

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Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera), also known as Indian Ginseng, has been used in traditional medicine to enhance cognitive function. Ashwagandha tea can be made by boiling 1 teaspoon of dried Ashwagandha root in water for 15 minutes.

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Misplacing-Things-and-Losing-the-Ability-to-Retrace-Steps

6. Misplacing Things and Losing the Ability to Retrace Steps

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A person with Alzheimer's disease may put things in unusual places and be unable to retrace their steps to find lost items.

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Lemon Balm (Melissa officinalis), native to southern Europe and the Mediterranean, may help improve cognitive function and reduce agitation in people with Alzheimer's. You can make a tea by steeping 1 teaspoon of dried Lemon Balm leaves in boiling water for 10 minutes.

Decreased-or-Poor-Judgement

7. Decreased or Poor Judgement

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People with Alzheimer's may experience changes in judgement or decision-making.

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While not a specific treatment for this symptom, the consumption of Turmeric (Curcuma longa), specifically its active compound curcumin, is associated with overall cognitive health. A simple way to consume turmeric is by adding it to your meals, or you can prepare a warm 'Golden Milk' by mixing 1/2 teaspoon of turmeric powder with a cup of milk and heating it gently.

Anticancer-Properties-of-Discussed-Herbs

Anticancer Properties of Discussed Herbs

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Interestingly, several of the herbs mentioned above, namely Bacopa Monnieri, Ginkgo Biloba, and Turmeric, have shown potential anticancer properties in various studies. However, more extensive research is required to fully understand and apply their therapeutic potential in this context.

References

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<ul><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1"><a href="https://www.alz.org/alzheimers-dementia/10_signs" target="_blank" rel="noopener">"10 Early Signs and Symptoms of Alzheimer's"</a></li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1"><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12093601/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">"An alternative medicine treatment for Parkinson's disease: results of a multicenter clinical trial"</a><a href="https://chat.openai.com/?model=gpt-4#user-content-fnref-2%5E" target="_blank" rel="noopener"> </a></li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1"><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23440785/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">"Ginkgo biloba for cognitive impairment and dementia"</a><a href="https://chat.openai.com/?model=gpt-4#user-content-fnref-3%5E" target="_blank" rel="noopener"> </a></li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1"><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19821815/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">"Salvia for dementia therapy: review of pharmacological activity and pilot tolerability clinical trial"</a><a href="https://chat.openai.com/?model=gpt-4#user-content-fnref-4%5E" target="_blank" rel="noopener"> </a></li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1"><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23626761/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">"Bilberry extract supplementation for preventing eye fatigue in video display terminal workers"</a><a href="https://chat.openai.com/?model=gpt-4#user-content-fnref-5%5E" target="_blank" rel="noopener"> </a></li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1"><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28471731/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">"Efficacy and Safety of Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera) Root Extract in Improving Memory and Cognitive Functions"</a><a href="https://chat.openai.com/?model=gpt-4#user-content-fnref-6%5E" target="_blank" rel="noopener"> </a></li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1"><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12810768/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">"Aromatherapy as a safe and effective treatment for the management of agitation in severe dementia"</a><a href="https://chat.openai.com/?model=gpt-4#user-content-fnref-7%5E" target="_blank" rel="noopener"> </a></li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1"><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29246725/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">"Effects of Turmeric (Curcuma longa) on Skin Health: A Systematic Review of the Clinical Evidence"</a><a href="https://chat.openai.com/?model=gpt-4#user-content-fnref-8%5E" target="_blank" rel="noopener"> </a></li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1"><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23682780/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">"Chemopreventive effects of Bacopa monnieri and its triterpenoid constituent bacopaside I."</a><a href="https://chat.openai.com/?model=gpt-4#user-content-fnref-9%5E" target="_blank" rel="noopener"> </a></li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1"><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19515245/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">"Ginkgo biloba extract EGb 761&reg;: clinical data in dementia"</a><a href="https://chat.openai.com/?model=gpt-4#user-content-fnref-10%5E" target="_blank" rel="noopener"> </a></li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1"><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27557335/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">"Role of Curcumin in Disease Prevention and Treatment"</a><a href="https://chat.openai.com/?model=gpt-4#user-content-fnref-11%5E" target="_blank" rel="noopener"> </a></li></ul>

Alzheimer's is a complex disease that requires early detection for optimal management. The key indicators discussed are memory loss, difficulty in completing familiar tasks, confusion with time or place, trouble understanding visual images and spatial relationships, problems with words in speaking or writing, misplacing things and losing the ability to retrace steps, and decreased or poor judgement. A variety of herbs, such as Bacopa Monnieri, Gingko Biloba, Sage, Bilberry.

 7 Key Indicators for Early Alzheimer's Diagnosis

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The-most-important-thing-about-cancer

The most important thing about cancer

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Cancer is a complex genetic disorder that catalyzes the uncontrolled growth and spread of abnormal cells throughout the body, leading to life-threatening consequences. Aging, differences in lifestyle, genetic factors, hormonal changes and environmental exposure to carcinogens constitute major factors leading to cancer activation in humans. 1

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According to 2020 statistics, cancer is the leading cause of death worldwide, accounting for nearly 10 million deaths in 2020, or nearly one in six deaths. Globally, about 17 million people are diagnosed with cancer each year, and this trend is forecast to intensify dramatically in the near future. About 36 types of cancer have already been identified in humans, and a significant association between sex and type of cancer has been observed. Men are usually more prone to colorectal cancer, liver, lung, prostate and stomach cancers, while women suffer more from breast, cervical cancer, colorectal cancer, lung and thyroid cancer. 2&nbsp;

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In general, the development of cancer can be divided into three stages:

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<ul><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Initiation in which exposure to a carcinogen induces DNA damage and mutations at the cellular level due to damage/error in DNA repair mechanisms;&nbsp;</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Initiation in which cell expansion leads to hyper proliferation, modification and inflammation of cells/tissues;&nbsp;</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Progression in which tumor formation occurs from preneoplastic cells by clonal expansion. 3</li></ul>DNA damage causes genomic instability, which is a major cause of cancer 4. Although some of the conventional methods such as chemotherapy, radiation therapy and surgery are effective in treating cancer, they can lead to major side effects and toxicity.

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Given the lack of effective and safe approaches, as well as the complexity of cancers, the development of new and natural chemotherapeutic agents is strongly needed. In this respect, the pharmacological properties of certain essential oils may be available therapies to suppress cancer. 5

Essential-oils:-general-information-and-biological-effects

Essential oils: general information and biological effects

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The discovery of natural plant-based products is rightly recognized as a milestone in the history of healthcare, and their introduction to the market in combination with synthetic drugs helps to lead favorably in various health problems. As a result, the extraction of plant secondary metabolites, such as essential oils by steam or hydrodistillation processes, has made significant progress over the years. Stored in oil/resinous ducts, glands or trichomes of plants, these essential oils play an important role in protecting against extraneous agents and are involved in signal transduction pathways.&nbsp;

Essential-oils:-general-information-and-biological-effects_1_2

Essential oils are a complex mixture of various chemical compounds, mainly characterized by volatility, aroma, low molecular weight and density. The diverse biological properties of essential oils stem from differences in their chemical composition and structure. At present, three main classes of components in essential oils have been identified, namely terpenes and terpenoids (with major contributions), phenols and aliphatic compounds.&nbsp;&nbsp;

Essential-oils:-general-information-and-biological-effects_1_3

The data from the study on which this article is based are focused on studies dealing only with in vitro (non-living test)/in vivo (live testing) anticancer activities of essential oils in general. The analysis in Scopus was carried out for the last 10 years (2011–2020) on September 14, 2021, so the information is up to date as of that date.

Essential-oils-are-cytotoxic-in-nature

Essential oils are cytotoxic in nature

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Essential oils cause programmed cell death of cancer cells through apoptosis, necrosis, cell cycle arrest, and dysfunction of major cellular organelles. This is coordinated by an increase in membrane fluidity of the affected cell, decreased generation of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), a change in the pH gradient and loss of mitochondrial potential, which are the main precursors of cell death. All three main types of chemical components in oils, i.e. phenols, aldehydes and alcohols, have been described to fulfil this function.

Essential-oils-such-as-antimutagenic-and-antiproliferative-agents

Essential oils such as antimutagenic and antiproliferative agents

Essential-oils-such-as-antimutagenic-and-antiproliferative-agents_3_0

Antioxidants are defined as compounds that can inhibit/slow the oxidation of free radicals when used in small amounts. Antioxidant action is one of the key biological properties of essential oils to cope with oxidative stress. For example, under in vivo conditions, increasing the activity of various antioxidant enzymes and oxidized glutathione from the components of the oil of Wedelia chinensis (Osbeck) Merr.&nbsp; provides protection against lung cancer in mice. 6

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With regard to the antimutagenic activity of essential oils, cancer can be inhibited by preventing the direct penetration of mutagens into the cell membrane, inactivating mutagens by direct clearance, trapping free radicals produced by mutagens, inhibiting the conversion of promutagens to mutagens by cytochrome P450 enzyme, enzymatic detoxification of mutagens, and efficient error-free DNA repair.&nbsp;

Antiproliferative-activity-of-essential-oils

Antiproliferative activity of essential oils

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Essential oils can exert an antiproliferative effect through multiple mechanisms, including cell membrane disruption (depolarization, increase in membrane permeability, or decrease in the activity of membrane-bound enzymes) and induction of apoptosis. 7

Essential-oils-and-their-constituents-in-different-cancer-cell-lines

Essential oils and their constituents in different cancer cell lines 

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Over the past few years, the chemoprevention of cancer using essential oils or their components has attracted a lot of attention among the scientific community. Many in vitro/in vivo studies have highlighted the anticancer activity of oils and, more precisely, their main constituents in various tumour cell lines. Next, we will look at who they are and in which types of cancer they can have the necessary effect.

Essential-oils-for-breast-cancer

Essential oils for breast cancer

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<ul><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Silver fir (Abies alba Mill.)</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Abies koreana (Pinaceae)&nbsp;</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Boswellia sacra (Burseraceae)&nbsp;</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Casearia sylvestris Sw. (Salicaceae/Flacourtiaceae)&nbsp;</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Cyperus articulatus L. (Cyperaceae)</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Garcinia atroviridis Griff. (Clusiaceae)</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Garcinia celebica L. (Clusiaceae)</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Glandora rosmarinifolia (Boraginaceae)</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Helichrysum gymnocephalum (Asteraceae)</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Iryanthera polyneura (Myristicaceae)</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Liquidambar styraciflua L. (Altingiaceae)</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Myristica fragrans. (Myristicaceae)</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Pituranthos tortuosus Apiaceae)&nbsp;</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Solanum spirale Roxb.&nbsp;</li></ul>

Essential-oils-in-human-breast-cancer

Essential oils in human breast cancer

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<ul><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Cedrelopsis grevei (Rutaceae)&nbsp;</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Melaleuca armillaris(Myrtaceae)</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Monodora myristica (Annonaceae)</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Origanum onites L. (Lamiaceae)</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Satureja montana L. subsp. pisidica (Lamiaceae)</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Varthemia iphionoides (Asteraceae)</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Xylopia aethiopica (Annonaceae)</li></ul>

Essential-oils-in-human-glioblastoma

Essential oils in human glioblastoma

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<ul><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Ageratum conyzoides (L.) L. (Asteraceae)</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Drimys angustifolia (Winteraceae)</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Drimys brasiliensis (Winteraceae)</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Lippia multiflora (Verbenaceae)</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Liriodendron tulipifera L. (Magnoliaceae)</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Ocimum basilicum L. (Lamiaceae)</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Piper cernuum (Piperaceae)</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Scorodopholeus zenkeri (Fabaceae)</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Zingiber officinale (Zingiberaceae)</li></ul>

Essential-oils-in-human-colon-carcinoma

Essential oils in human colon carcinoma

Essential-oils-in-human-colon-carcinoma_5_0

<ul><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Afrostyrax lepidophyllus Mildbr. (Huaceae)</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Artemisia campestris L. (Asteraceae)&nbsp;</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Athanasia brownii Hochr. (Asteraceae)</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Liriodendron tulipifera L. (Magnoliaceae)</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Pistacia lentiscus L. (Anacardiaceae)</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Scorodopholeus zenkeri (Fabaceae)</li></ul>

Essential-oils-in-human-mammary-adenocarcinoma

Essential oils in human mammary adenocarcinoma

Essential-oils-in-human-mammary-adenocarcinoma_5_0

<ul><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Athanasia brownii (Asteraceae)</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Liriodendron tulipifera L. (Magnoliaceae)</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Nepeta ucranica L. spp. (Lamiaceae)</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Populus alba L. (Salicaceae)</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Rosmarinus officinalis L. (Lamiaceae)</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Scorodopholeus zenkeri (Fabaceae)</li></ul>

<ul><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Afrostyrax lepidophyllus. (Huaceae)&nbsp;</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Ageratum conyzoides (L.) L. (Asteraceae)</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Drimys angustifolia (Winteraceae)</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Lippia multiflora (Verbenaceae)</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Liriodendron tulipifera L. (Magnoliaceae)</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Ocimum basilicum L. (Lamiaceae)</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Piper cernuum (Piperaceae)</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Scorodopholeus zenkeri (Fabaceae)</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Zingiber officinale (Zingiberaceae)</li></ul>

Essential-oils-for-prostate-cancer

Essential oils for prostate cancer

Essential-oils-for-prostate-cancer_5_0

<ul><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Ageratum conyzoides (L.) (Asteraceae)</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Bursera glabrifolia (Burseraceae)&nbsp;</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Curcuma aromatica (Zingiberaceae)</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Cymbopogon citratus (Poaceae)</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Cymbopogon giganteus. (Poaceae)</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Iryanthera polyneura (Myristicaceae)</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Lavandula angustifolia (Lamiaceae)</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Lippia multiflora (Verbenaceae)</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Ocimum basilicum L. (Lamiaceae)</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Varthemia iphionoides (Asteraceae)</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Zingiber officinale (Zingiberaceae)</li></ul>

Essential-oils-for-colorectal-cancer

Essential oils for colorectal cancer

Essential-oils-for-colorectal-cancer_5_0

<ul><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Aquilaria crassna (Thymelaeaceae)</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Eucalyptus camaldulensis. (Myrtaceae)</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Thymus fallax (Lamiaceae)</li></ul>&nbsp;

Essential-oils-in-acute-lymphoblastic-leukemia

Essential oils in acute lymphoblastic leukemia

Essential-oils-in-acute-lymphoblastic-leukemia_5_0

<ul><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Juniperus excela (Cupressaceae)</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Juniperus oxycedrus L. (Cupressaceae)&nbsp;</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Pinus pinea L. (Pinaceae)&nbsp;</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Cedrus libani (Pinaceae)&nbsp;</li></ul>

Essential-oils-for-lung-cancer

Essential oils for lung cancer

Essential-oils-for-lung-cancer_5_0

<ul><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Artemisia indica (Asteraceae)</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Curcuma aromatica (Zingiberaceae)&nbsp;</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Eucalyptus globulus(Myrtaceae)</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Pluchea dioscoridis L. (Asteraceae)</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Populus alba L. (Salicaceae)</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Rosmarinus officinalis L. (Lamiaceae)</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Zingiber striolatum (Zingiberaceae)</li></ul>

Essential-oils-for-liver-cancer

Essential oils for liver cancer

Essential-oils-for-liver-cancer_5_0

<ul><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Pituranthos tortuosus (Apiaceae)</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Artemisia indica (Asteraceae)&nbsp;</li></ul>

Essential-oils-in-melanoma

Essential oils in melanoma

Essential-oils-in-melanoma_5_0

<ul><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Afrostyrax lepidophyllus (Huaceae)&nbsp;</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Athanasia brownii (Asteraceae)</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Casearia sylvestris&nbsp; (Salicaceae/Flacourtiaceae)</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Curcuma aromatica (Zingiberaceae)</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Guatteria friesiana (Annonaceae)</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Liriodendron tulipifera L. (Magnoliaceae)</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Myristica fragrans (Myristicaceae)</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Neolitsea variabillima (Lauraceae)</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Ocimum basilicum L. (Lamiaceae)</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Origanum onites L. (Lamiaceae)</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Salvia officinalis L. (Lamiaceae)</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Pituranthos tortuosus (Apiaceae)</li></ul>

Essential-oils-for-ovarian-adenocarcinoma

Essential oils for ovarian adenocarcinoma

Essential-oils-for-ovarian-adenocarcinoma_5_0

<ul><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Mentha villosa Huds. (Lamiaceae)&nbsp;</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Xylopia frutescens Aubl. (Annonaceae)&nbsp;</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Guatteria pogonopus Mart. (Annonaceae)</li></ul>

Anticancer-effect-of-the-main-ingredients-of-essential-oils

Anticancer effect of the main ingredients of essential oils

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D-limonene, monoterpene in the fruit peels of citrus essential oils (90–95%) exhibits cytotoxicity against stomach cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma, colon cancer, bladder cancer, and melanoma. Similarly, carvacrol (phenolic monoterpenoid) can inhibit tumor growth in stomach cancer cells by increasing apoptotic proteins such as Bax (Bcl-2-linked X protein, apoptosis regulator) and caspases with concomitant reduction of Bcl-2 (B -cell lymphoma 2) expression. Citral showed antitumor effects in various cancer cell lines such as MDA-MB-231, Ishikawa, ECC-1, LNCaP, PC-3, SF-767, SF-763, LU134AM, LU135, LU165, MN1112, HCT116, HT-29, AGS, NB4, and A431.

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A combined formula of citral (80 μM) and curcumin (40 μM) also acts synergistically in suppressing the growth of breast cancer cell lines MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 by inducing apoptosis, DNA damage and cell cycle arrest in the G0/ G1 phase. In vitro/in vivo cytotoxic potential of citronellol has been reported against human non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), breast cancer, and prostate cancer. Citronellol induced cell cycle arrest in NCI-H1299 (NSCLC cell line) due to the increased expression of cyclins (cyclin D and E) and CDK2 (cyclin-dependent kinase 2). There was a decrease in tumour volume in mice treated with increasing doses of citronellol (12.5, 25 and 50 mg kg-1). An antiproliferative effect of geraniol (monoterpenoid) was observed in cells A549 (IC50 = 797.2 μM) and tumor growth was suppressed in mice (at 50 and 75 mmol geraniol kg-1 food) due to apoptosis and cell death.

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Globularifolin iridoid exhibits cytotoxicity against U87 glioma cells due to an increase in the number of apoptotic cells, cell cycle arrest, and inhibition of cancer cell migration and invasion.

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In vitro cytotoxicity of quinocitiol (tropolone monoterpenoid) was observed (at 10 μM) in mouse melanoma cells (B16-F10); However, under in vivo conditions, mice treated with 10–20 μg michi-1 quinokitiol showed a decrease in tumor nodules. Increased expression of p53 (tumor suppressor), Bax, caspases, cytochrome c, and MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinase) phosphatase-3 and downregulation of survivin (apoptosis inhibitor), MMPs, and phosphorylation of ERK has been reported to induce apoptosis in quinocitiol A549 and B16-F10-treated cells.&nbsp;

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Similarly, treatment with linalool (monoterpene alcohol) reduces proliferation and cell viability in colorectal cancer, colon carcinoma, hepatocarcinoma, epidermoid carcinoma and prostate cancer. Diallyl disulfide (DADS), one of the main components of garlic essential oil, stops the division of human esophageal squamous cell cancer cells in the G2/M phase of the cell cycle. Myristicin, an active component of nutmeg oil (Myristica fragrans), exhibits cytotoxic activity by inducing apoptosis of K562 human leukemia cells.

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Other constituents of essential oils, such as bacuiol (monoterpene), myrtenal (bicyclic monoterpene), oleuropein (secoiridoid), perylyl alcohol (menthane monoterpene), thymol (monocyclic phenolic monoterpene), α-bisabolol (monocyclic sesquiterpene alcohol), α-thujone (ketone monoterpene), camphene (bicyclic monoterpene), iatammanwaltrate P (iridoid ester), eugenol (phenylpropanoid), germakren D (sesquiterpene), nymbolide (terpenoid lactone), patchouli alcohol (sesquiterpene alcohol), α-Santalol (sesquiterpene), carveol (monocyclic monoterpenoid alcohol), carvone (monoterpene), isopulegol (monoterpene alcohol),&nbsp;&nbsp; β-caryophyllene oxide (bicyclic sesquiterpene) and β-elemen (sesquiterpenoid oxide)&nbsp; have also been reported as cytotoxic and antiproliferative compounds with anticancer effects.

It has been found that various essential oils possess countless biological activities and beneficial components that can affect the development of various forms of cancer. These essential oil constituents contribute to the potential anticancer, antitumor, and antiproliferative properties of essential oils. They are specific to each type of plant and can be the basis of anticancer therapy, as well as used in the form of liposomes/nanoemulsions/nanoparticles against various types of cancer.

Anti-cancer properties of essential oils and their components

Бетина Цветкова

The-most-popular-herbal-liqueurs-in-the-world

The most popular herbal liqueurs in the world 

Sassolino-di-Modena-/PROVINCE-OF-MODENA,-ITALY/

Sassolino di Modena /PROVINCE OF MODENA, ITALY/ 

Sassolino-di-Modena-/PROVINCE-OF-MODENA,-ITALY/_0_0

Sassolino di Modena (or sasolino only) is an anise-flavored liqueur that first appeared in the 19th century. The original version of the liqueur is dense and resembles syrup and is often addressed as a female drink due to its low alcohol content.&nbsp;

Sassolino-di-Modena-/PROVINCE-OF-MODENA,-ITALY/_0_1

It is claimed that the drink was invented by Swiss pharmacists who settled in the area and was eventually promoted by the cadets from the Military Academy in Modena, who had a summer camp in Sassuolo.

Sassolino-di-Modena-/PROVINCE-OF-MODENA,-ITALY/_0_2

This clear and bright liqueur has a distinctive aroma of star anise and is usually consumed as a DJ, served pure or with ice. It is also often included in desserts or added to coffee to make caff&egrave; corretto.

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Galliano-/LIVORNO,-ITALY/

Galliano /LIVORNO, ITALY/

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Galliano is a sweet herbal liqueur created in 1896 by Italian distiller and brandy producer Arturo Miteri from Livorno, Tuscany. The star element in "Galliano" is vanilla, which distinguishes it from other anise-flavored liqueurs such as Sambuca, Pernod or Anisette, but the extensive list of ingredients also includes Chinese star anise, Mediterranean anise, juniper, yarrow (Achillea millefolium) &nbsp;<a href="https://www.herbal-organic.com/en/pubmed/Minireview_on_Achillea_millefolium_Linn_23959026" target="_blank" data-ref="Minireview on Achillea millefolium Linn. | Herbal &amp; Natural Medicine" rel="noopener">[ref. 1]</a> , ginger (Zingiber officinale) &nbsp;<a href="https://www.herbal-organic.com/en/pubmed/Zingiber_officinale_ginger_Monograph_12946242" target="_blank" data-ref="Zingiber officinale (ginger). Monograph. | Herbal &amp; Natural Medicine" rel="noopener">[ref. 2]</a>&nbsp; lavender (Lavandula) &nbsp;<a href="https://www.herbal-organic.com/bg/herb/14546" target="_blank" data-ref="Lavandula" rel="noopener">[ref. 3]</a> , cinnamon (Cinnamomum Verum)&nbsp;<a href="https://www.herbal-organic.com/bg/herb/14482" target="_blank" data-ref="Cinnamon" rel="noopener">[ref. 4]</a> and mint (Mentha)&nbsp;<a href="https://www.herbal-organic.com/bg/herb/14450" target="_blank" data-ref="Mentha" rel="noopener"> [Ref. 5]</a> &nbsp;

Galliano-/LIVORNO,-ITALY/_0_1

In an appearance similar to Strega, Galliano is sweet and has an intricate aroma <a href="https://www.herbal-organic.com/bg/herb/14437" target="_blank" data-ref="Vanilla" rel="noopener">of vanilla [ref. 6] and</a> anise with fine citrus, woody, and herbal notes. It is used both as a diet and as an ingredient for cocktails, especially Harvey Wallbanger.

Zirbenlikör-/AUSTRIA/

Zirbenlikör /AUSTRIA/ 

Zirbenlikör-/AUSTRIA/_0_0

Zirbenlikör is a pine liqueur that is produced in alpine countries, but is mostly associated with Austria. Alcohol is made from pine cones, usually Arolla Stone Pines, which are picked in the summer when they are still green. They are then cut and soaked in a wheat spirit or fruit brandy. As they ripen, they give the base a distinctive reddish tinge.&nbsp;

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Zirbenlikör is warm, fresh and soft with typical floral and pine notes. It is often drunk independently as an après-ski drink, but it can also be used in cocktails or long drinks.

Averna-/CALTANISSETTA,-ITALY/

Averna /CALTANISSETTA, ITALY/ 

Averna-/CALTANISSETTA,-ITALY/_0_0

Some sources claim that the recipe was handed over to Avernas by a monk from the local Monastery of San Spirito.&nbsp;

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The exact list of ingredients remains a family secret of Averna, but it is said that this bitter-sweet liqueur is made with more than 60 different herbs, roots, pomegranate and essential oils of bitter Sicilian lemons.

Among alcoholic beverages, liqueurs are some of the most numerous types, flavors, composition and origin. In many countries they have been produced for decades with traditions in the industry wonderful herbal liqueurs, including Italy, France, USA, Spain, Germany, Mexico and Sanat.io other countries. <a href="../../p/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D0%B9-%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8F%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5-%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8-%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%8C%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8-%D0%B2-%D1%81%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0-%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F-%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82-1" target="_blank" rel="noopener">The world's most popular herbal liqueurs [part 1 ranking]</a> and <a href="../../p/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D0%B9-%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8F%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5-%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8-%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%8C%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8-%D0%B2-%D1%81%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0-%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F-%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82-2" target="_blank" rel="noopener">World's most popular herbal liqueurs [ranking part 2]</a>