Scabies (also known as the seven-year itch) is a contagious skin infestation by the mite Sarcoptes scabiei. The most common symptoms are severe itchiness and a pimple-like rash. Occasionally, tiny burrows may appear on the skin. In a first-ever infection, the infected person will usually develop symptoms within two to six weeks. During a second infection, symptoms may begin within 24 hours. These symptoms can be present across most of the body or just certain areas such as the wrists, between fingers, ...

scabies

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Author: Rositsa Tashkova, Master of Molecular Biology and Microbiology

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The formation of sand or kidney stones (urolithiasis) has a relatively common occurrence - 1 in 10 people encounters this problem at least once in their lifetime. For some patients this is rather accidental, but others are prone to frequent crises. The danger of a second crisis - once it has happened - is around 15% in the first year and 50% over the next five.

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Kidney crises cause one of the most severe pains that the human body can experience, and a crisis can happen even in cases where there are no stones yet formed, but only sand. Half a million people every year need urgent help due to kidney crises.

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Unfortunately, removing the stones is not easy, and some therapies, such as extracorporeal lithotripsy, can lead to kidney damage. [<a href="https://www.seminarsinnephrology.org/article/S0270-9295(08)00028-4/fulltext" target="_blank" rel="noopener">ref.1</a>]

What-types-of-kidney-stones-are-there

What types of kidney stones are there

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Kidney stones are also called concrements and are different types based on their chemical composition, but generally fall into two groups: organic and inorganic. There are also mixed kidney stones.

Organic-stones:

Organic stones:

Organic-stones:_0_0

<ul>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Cystine stones - rare, whitish-yellow in color;</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Uric acid stones - they are formed from uric acid and have a whitish-yellow to dark brown color;</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Cholesterine stones&nbsp; - black color, crumbly;</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Xanthine stones - have a brownish color.</li>
</ul>

Organic-stones:_0_1

<figure><img class="tinyMCEImg" src="https://d20hztklr4qnvi.cloudfront.net/f9a336d6-f9aa-494f-b18f-cdda5257ea94_middle.jpg" border="0" alt="what types of kidney stones there are" title="what types of kidney stones there are">
<figcaption>These are not concrements in the kidneys, but some of them have a similar appearance.</figcaption>
</figure>

Inorganic-stones:

Inorganic stones:

Inorganic-stones:_0_0

<ul>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Calcium oxalate stones- the most common type, dark brown or black;</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Calcium phosphate stones- brittle, whitish or gray color;</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Magnesium phosphate stones - they are formed in chronic bacterial infections in the urinary system, have a dirty gray or brownish color.</li>
</ul>

Useful-tips-for-prevention

Useful tips for prevention

Useful-tips-for-prevention_1_0

Since kidney stones have a different chemical composition, and therefore a different reason for their formation in each patient, it is necessary that the approach to treatment and prevention be individual.

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However, there are some general principles that are good to be observed by those prone to urolithiasis, regardless of the specific reasons:

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<ul>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Take such a quantity of fluids, which leads to the excretion of at least 2 liters of urine per day.</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Do not take more than 2-3 grams of salt daily, since a large amount of salt leads to calcium retention in the urine, and this is a risk factor for stone formation. Unfortunately, almost all food products contain a certain amount of salt.</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Reduce the intake of proteins of animal origin, since this lowers the pH of urine and creates a prerequisite for an increase in calcium in the urine.</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Do not limit calcium intake unless it is found to be excessive. Decreased calcium intake leads to increased absorption of oxalates in the intestine, which may increase the risk of calciumoxalate stones.</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">It is not advisable to exceed the dose of 500 mg of vitamin C (ascorbic acid) per day if taken in the form of a supplement, since&nbsp; it can turn into oxalate in the body.</li>
</ul>

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Which-herbs-and-plants-may-help-those-suffering-from-urolithiasis

Which herbs and plants may help those suffering from urolithiasis

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Some medicinal plants have shown a positive effect in human clinical trials. Data taken from the scientific review published in 2009 "Herbal Medicines in the Management of Urolithiasis: Alternative or Complementary?" [<a href="https://www.bioseek.eu/en/eng/research/pubmed/Herbal_medicines_in_the_management_of_urolithiasis_alternative_or_complementary_19444769" target="_blank" rel="noopener">ref.2</a>].

Citrus-fruits

Citrus fruits

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Citrus fruits and juices are a good natural source of citrate - a substance we know inhibits the formation of calcium kidney stones, since it forms soluble compounds with calcium and thus does not allow it to bind in insoluble calcium oxalate and calcium phosphate.

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A particularly large effect has the intake of lemon juice or homemade lemonade [<a href="https://www.bioseek.eu/en/eng/research/pubmed/Long_term_lemonade_based_dietary_manipulation_in_patients_with_hypocitraturic_nephrolithiasis_17382731" target="_blank" rel="noopener">ref.6</a>], followed by grapefruit, orange and even apple juice.

Citrus-fruits_2_2

Herbs-with-diuretic-effect-help-propel-the-stones

Herbs with diuretic effect help propel the stones

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One of the main recommendations to patients suffering from kidney stones is to take plenty of fluids, to help dispose of them with the help of increased urine volume, in a completely mechanical way (if the stone is too large, it is removed surgically or by other means).

Herbs-with-diuretic-effect-help-propel-the-stones_2_1

Therefore, herbs that have a diuretic effect would be beneficial, because they increase the amount of urine released.

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<ul>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">European goldenrod (Solidago virgaurea), also known as woundwort;</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa) - as an infusion it is also known as carcade, and as the rosella or rosella fruit in Australia;</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Elderberry&nbsp;(Sambucus nigra) - common names include elder, black elder, European elder, European elderberry, and European black elderberry;</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Cat's whiskers or Java tea (Orthosiphon grandiflorus) - in the form of an infusion it improves renal function and the discharge of excess uric acid;</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Gale of the wind, stonebreaker or seed-under-leaf (Phyllantus niruri) - the aqueous extract of this herb lowers the level of calcium in the urine.</li>
</ul>

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Other-medicinal-plants-might-also-help-patients-wirh-kidney-stones

Other medicinal plants might also help patients wirh kidney stones

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In addition to the diuretic effect, substances in some herbs can also directly affect the concrement. Such examples are:

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<ul>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Paashaanbhed or Prashanbheda (Bergenia ligulata) - the herb is traditionally used in India and Pakistan; some studies have shown that it can prevent the formation of calcium oxalate stones by several mechanisms - inhibition of crystal formation, diuretic effect, removal of magnesium from urine and antioxidant properties. [<a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0378874108006673" target="_blank" rel="noopener">ref.3</a>]</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Tribulus terrestris- the herb can prevent the formation of kidney stones of the type of calcium oxalates. This is due to the ability of thesubstances quercetin and kempferol in the herb to suppress the enzyme that is responsible for the formation of oxalates. [<a href="/p/za_kakvo_pomaghat_bilkata_babini_zbi_i_za_kakvo_nie_sporied_naukata" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">ref.4</a>] It is also known as goat's-head, bindii, bullhead, burra gokharu, bhakhdi, caltrop, small caltrops, cat's-head, devil's eyelashes, devil's-thorn, devil's-weed, puncture vine, and tackweed.</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Crataeva nurvala (Crataeva magna) - the bark of the plant is used, it has a number of effects on the urinary system and the formation of kidney stones. [<a href="https://www.phcogrev.com/sites/default/files/PhcogRev-1-1-175_0.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noopener">ref.5</a>]</li>
</ul>

Other-medicinal-plants-might-also-help-patients-wirh-kidney-stones_2_2

One of the main problems associated with conventional methods of treatment of urolithiasis is the recurrence of kidney stones, which worsens the quality of life of patients and causes them severe pain over and over again. The combination of these methods with appropriate herbal therapy, followed by a specialist, may prove to be the key to solving this problem.

Q&amp;A

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What are the symptoms of kidney stones?

Q&amp;A_3_1

If you have a kidney stone but it does not move in the kidney or in the ureter (the tube that connects the kidney to the bladder), you will not feel anything. But if the stone clogs the ureter, it leads to its spasm, as well as to the retention of urine in the kidney. This in turn causes very severe pain in the sides and back, under the ribs; pain when urinating; pain that intensifies and subsides or pain that spreads to the lower abdomen and groin. In addition to pain, other symptoms are: changes in the color and smell of urine (red, pink or brown shades), frequent need to urinate or urine in small amounts, nausea and vomiting. In case of any of these symptoms, contact a doctor immediately.

Q&amp;A_3_2

Can I pass a kidney stone using natural remedies only?

Q&amp;A_3_3

It is possible for the kidney stone to leave the body without external intervention, if its size is not large. However, consultation with a doctor is very important - together you can decide what is the most appropriate therapy.

Q&amp;A_3_4

Which drugs may cause kidney stones?

Q&amp;A_3_5

Some antibiotics, such as ciprofloxacin, some medicines used to treat AIDS, some diuretics (furosemide, acetazolamide, triamterene, hydrochlorothiazide), glucocorticoids such as dexamethasone, some antacids, acyclovir (against viral infections), indinavir (protease inhibitor), probenecid (against gout), aspirin (and other salicylates), may increase the risk of developing various types of kidney stones.

Kidney stones: which herbs prevent them and how to combine foods

https://d20hztklr4qnvi.cloudfront.net/54561410-3a25-42f9-8386-306dbc4404f0_middle.jpg

 Kidney stones: which herbs prevent them and how to combine foods

Rositsa Tashkova-Kacharova

About 2 million people worldwide die each year from liver disease. Unfortunately, the awareness of the deterioration of the liver comes only when it’s too late and symptoms are already showing. This makes preventive examinations especially important.

The most common diseases of this organ are viral hepatitis (hepatitis B and C), cirrhosis, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NSCLC), steatosis, fibrosis, alcoholic liver disease (alcoholic hepatitis), liver cancer, liver failure. Not everyone knows that elevated blood cholesterol levels are also directly related to the liver.

The liver is the main purifying organ in our body - it has the task of neutralizing toxins and harmful substances that enter the blood. This makes it particularly sensitive to the use of drugs and herbs, especially in some diseases. Therefore, consultation with your doctor is mandatory before you start taking any herb for liver problems to avoid potential hepatotoxicity and additional damage to this extremely important organ.

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IIn this article we will look at herbs that have been shown to help with some liver diseases:

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<ul>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Chronic hepatitis</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Fatty liver disease (hepatic steatosis)</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Cirrhosis</li>
</ul>

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Most of the information is taken from the scientific article "Current Status of Herbal Medicines in Chronic Liver Disease Therapy: The Biological Effects, Molecular Targets and Future Prospects", published in 2016 in the International Journal of Molecular Sciences.&nbsp;[<a href="https://www.bioseek.eu/en/eng/research/pubmed/Current_Status_of_Herbal_Medicines_in_Chronic_Liver_Disease_Therapy_The_Biological_Effects_Molecular_Targets_and_Future_Prospects_26633388" target="_blank" rel="noopener">ref.1</a>]

Medicinal-plants-for-chronic-hepatitis

Medicinal plants for chronic hepatitis

Medicinal-plants-for-chronic-hepatitis_0_0

Chronic hepatitis is an inflammation of the liver. It is usually caused by viral infections, autoimmune diseases, or toxic substances such as drugs or alcohol.

Medicinal-plants-for-chronic-hepatitis_0_1

Viral hepatitis is the most common liver disease. Over time, it can develop into fibrosis and cirrhosis. The causative agents are hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV). Currently, more than 30% of the world's population is infected with HBV.

Medicinal-plants-for-chronic-hepatitis_0_2

Medicinal-plants-for-chronic-hepatitis_0_3

<ul>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Licorice (Glycyrrhiza uralensis) - the active substance of licorice is called glycyrrhizin. Various studies have established its various functions in protecting the liver - has an anti-inflammatory effect on the liver by several mechanisms, inhibits the release of viral particles in HCV infection, controls the reproduction of HBV [ref.2], lowers liver enzymes ALT and AST. It is important to keep in mind that prolonged use of licorice can lead to dangerous side effects, including high blood pressure and low levels of potassium in the blood.</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Milk thistle (Silybum marianum) - the active substance of milk thistle, with effects on the liver, is silibinin. It is extracted from the seeds of the plant. Inhibits HCV and lowers ALT, AST and alkaline phosphatase levels in patients with chronic hepatitis. [<a href="https://www.bioseek.eu/en/eng/research/pubmed/A_pilot_study_on_the_liver_protective_effect_of_silybin_phosphatidylcholine_complex_IdB1016_in_chronic_active_hepatitis_8225695" target="_blank" rel="noopener">ref.3</a>] Fortunately, no side effects from the use of milk thistle have been identified.</li>
</ul>

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Medicinal-plants-for-chronic-hepatitis_0_5

<ul>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Gale of the wind, Stonebreaker, or Seed-under-leaf (Phyllanthus niruri) - according to some studies, the aqueous extract of the plant can help with viral hepatitis B. Side effects are upper abdominal pain and diarrhea.</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Baikal skullcap or Chinese skullcap (Scutellaria baicalensis) - the substance baikalin from the herb seems to accelerate the regeneration of liver cells and inhibits the onset of programmed cell death (apoptosis).</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Mongolian milkvetch (Astragalus membranaceus)- the aqueous extract of the root of the herb can help with chronic viral hepatitis B and against the occurrence of liver fibrosis. There are no known side effects, but it may interact with some medications.</li>
</ul>

Medicinal-plants-for-fatty-liver-disease-(hepatic-steatosis)

Medicinal plants for fatty liver disease (hepatic steatosis)

Medicinal-plants-for-fatty-liver-disease-(hepatic-steatosis)_1_0

Hepatic obesity or steatosis is a reversible pathological process in which large vacuoles with triglyceride fat accumulate in the liver cells.

Medicinal-plants-for-fatty-liver-disease-(hepatic-steatosis)_1_1

Fatty liver disease is usually caused by excessive alcohol consumption or metabolic disorders such as obesity, insulin resistance and dyslipidemia.

Medicinal-plants-for-fatty-liver-disease-(hepatic-steatosis)_1_2

Alcoholic fatty liver disease (ALD) refers to alcohol-related steatosis, while nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (ALD) means that the primary cause of steatosis is not alcohol. Steatosis predisposes the liver to inflammation and fibrosis.

Medicinal-plants-for-fatty-liver-disease-(hepatic-steatosis)_1_3

Medicinal-plants-for-fatty-liver-disease-(hepatic-steatosis)_1_4

In developed countries, fatty liver disease is the most common liver disease, the prevalence of which ranges from about 20% to 60%.

Medicinal-plants-for-fatty-liver-disease-(hepatic-steatosis)_1_5

For those with early stage non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, gradual weight loss is the only solution to prevent the progression of the disease.

Medicinal-plants-for-fatty-liver-disease-(hepatic-steatosis)_1_6

According to recent studies, some herbal products appear to have positive effects on this potentially reversible disease. Both laboratory and clinical studies have suggested that medicinal plants may have a moderate benefit in its treatment.

Medicinal-plants-for-fatty-liver-disease-(hepatic-steatosis)_1_7

<ul>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Cardus marianus, Milk thistle, Blessed milk thistle, Marian thistle, Mary thistle, Saint Mary's thistle, Mediterranean milk thistle, variegated thistle, and Scotch thistle (Silybum marianum) - after intake of white thistle seed extract, a decrease of hepatic steatosis was observed in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in ultrasound results.</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Baikal skullcap or Chinese skullcap (Scutellaria baicalensis)- according to a clinical trial, the root of Baikal hellebore has a protective effect in alcoholic fatty liver disease&nbsp;[<a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0041008X11003978?via%3Dihub" target="_blank" rel="noopener">ref.4</a>]. In laboratory animals, intake of the herb root extract has been shown to reduce the level of total serum cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL-cholesterol, ALT and AST and increase the level of serum HDL-cholesterol.&nbsp;</li>
</ul>

Medicinal-plants-for-fatty-liver-disease-(hepatic-steatosis)_1_8

Medicinal-plants-for-fatty-liver-disease-(hepatic-steatosis)_1_9

<ul>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Jiaogulan (Gynostemma pentaphyllum)&nbsp;- the aqueous extract of the plant has been found to suppress the accumulation of cholesterol and triglycerides and prevent oxidative stress. According to a clinical trial, it lowers serum AST, ALP, insulin, lowers body fat index and insulin resistance index [<a href="https://www.bioseek.eu/en/eng/research/pubmed/The_add_on_effects_of_Gynostemma_pentaphyllum_on_nonalcoholic_fatty_liver_disease_16708768" target="_blank" rel="noopener">ref.5</a>].</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Apricot (Prunus armeniaca) - In laboratory animals, apricots have been found to have the potential to suppress hepatic steatosis through their antioxidant action and reduced serum AST and ALT levels.&nbsp;[<a href="https://www.wjgnet.com/1007-9327/full/v18/i31/4118.htm" target="_blank" rel="noopener">ref.6</a>]</li>
</ul>

Medicinal-plants-against-liver-cirrhosis

Medicinal plants against liver cirrhosis

Medicinal-plants-against-liver-cirrhosis_2_0

Cirrhosis is a condition in which the liver does not function properly due to long-term damage, it is an extreme complication of chronic liver disease.

Medicinal-plants-against-liver-cirrhosis_2_1

According to a study in Germany, the most common etiologies of liver cirrhosis are associated with alcoholic liver disease (52%), chronic hepatitis C (28%) or hepatitis B (14%) and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (6%).

Medicinal-plants-against-liver-cirrhosis_2_2

Medicinal-plants-against-liver-cirrhosis_2_3

The pathological hallmark of cirrhosis is the development of fibrosis, which replaces the normal parenchyma. Fibrosis means that non-functional tissue accumulates in the liver, as a scar remains when wounds heal.

Medicinal-plants-against-liver-cirrhosis_2_4

The most effective way to fight cirrhosis is prevention, as the disease is irreversible in itself.

Medicinal-plants-against-liver-cirrhosis_2_5

In this case, the seeds of Milk thistle (Silybum marianum) and the roots of Baikal skullcap (Scutellaria baicalensis), Licorice (Glycyrrhiza uralensis), red sage, Chinese sage, tan shen, or danshen (Salvia miltiorrhiza), and East Asian arrowroot, kudzu (Pueraria lobata) have shown beneficial effects. [<a href="https://www.bioseek.eu/en/eng/research/pubmed/Current_Status_of_Herbal_Medicines_in_Chronic_Liver_Disease_Therapy_The_Biological_Effects_Molecular_Targets_and_Future_Prospects_26633388" target="_blank" rel="noopener">ref.1</a>]

Where is the liver located?

The liver is a large organ located mainly in the upper right abdomen, below the diaphragm and above the stomach.

When can you feel liver pain?

With liver pain, most people feel a dull, throbbing sensation in the upper right abdomen. Liver pain can also be felt as a stabbing sensation that takes your breath away. Sometimes this pain is accompanied by swelling or pain that spreads to the back or right shoulder blade.

The causes of liver pain are the same that were discussed in the article above, but also others: viral hepatitis, alcoholic cirrhosis, liver steatosis, abscess or cyst in the liver, Fitz-Hugh-Curtis syndrome, Bud-Chiari syndrome, thrombosis of the portal vein, liver cancer, liver injury or gallstones.

What are the symptoms of liver diesease?

Q&amp;A_3_6

Liver disease is not always associated with noticeable signs and symptoms. If they do occur, this may include:

Q&amp;A_3_7

<ul>
<li>Skin and eyes that look yellowish (jaundice),</li>
<li>Abdominal pain and swelling,</li>
<li>Swelling of the legs and ankles,</li>
<li>Dark color of urine,</li>
<li>Pale stool color,</li>
<li>Chronic fatigue,</li>
<li>Itchy skin,</li>
<li>Easy bruising,</li>
<li>Nausea or vomiting,</li>
<li>Loss of appetite.</li>
</ul>

The liver does not hurt. Which are the herbs that can improve its health in the case of hepatitis, steatosis, and cirrhosis

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 The liver does not hurt. Which are the herbs that can improve its

Text adaptation: Rositsa Tashkova, Master of Molecular Biology and Microbiology

The Russian state occupies vast territories with diverse climatic conditions and includes many peoples and their culture. This makes especially interesting the study of Russian folk medicine.

Medicinal plants have been used in the lands that made up modern Russia since ancient times. A study of numerous written sources shows that herbal treatments were applied by the Scythians living in the northern territories along the Black Sea coast between the Dniester and Don rivers (from the 7th century BC to the 1st century AD).

The Novgorod Chronicles describe the use of "mold from the bathroom" to treat wounds and how it would have prevented the development of an infection even before penicillin was found in the UK seven centuries later.

In 1581 Tsar Ivan IV (1530-1584) ordered the establishment of the first pharmacy to supply the king's yard, as well as the founding of the Pharmaceutical House, which was responsible for collecting medicinal plants from the Russian lands.

The collection and use of medicinal plants became particularly widespread during the reign of Peter I (1672-1725), who personally cultivated medicinal herbs in his private garden. &nbsp;

This article is dedicated to the most common herbal recipes from Russian folk medicine for the treatment of various dermatological diseases. The used medicinal plants are well known and available around the world. The information is taken from the article "Russian traditional medicine in dermatology", published in 2018 in the journal Clinics in Dermatology. [<a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0738081X18300439" target="_blank" rel="noopener">ref.1</a>]

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The authors Prof. Dr. Olisova, Prof. Dr. Snarskaya, Prof. Dr. Smooth and Prof. Dr. Burova are dermatologists with years of experience in Moscow and London.

Russian-herbal-recipes-for-vitiligo

Russian herbal recipes for vitiligo

Russian-herbal-recipes-for-vitiligo_0_0

Vitiligo is considered an autoimmune disease associated with other autoimmune conditions, including <a href="https://www.sanat.io/bul/p/vsichko_za_diabiet_tip_1_na_iedno_miasto_751da342_2d55_43af_ae7f_1e1c89cd3800" target="_blank" rel="noopener">type </a><a href="https://www.sanat.io/bul/p/vsichko_za_diabiet_tip_1_na_iedno_miasto_751da342_2d55_43af_ae7f_1e1c89cd3800" target="_blank" rel="noopener">1 diabetes mellitus</a>, alopecia areata, <a href="https://www.sanat.io/bul/p/kakvo_ie_boliest_na_kron_i_kak_sie_diaghnostitsira_f1bbb289_7915_4718_983b_21a0ff00feaa" target="_blank" rel="noopener">inflammatory bowel disease</a>, <a href="https://www.sanat.io/bul/p/aniemiia_kolko_vida_sshchiestvuvat_kakvo_da_iadiem_kak_da_kombiniramie_khranitie" target="_blank" rel="noopener">pernicious anemia</a>, rheumatoid arthritis and thyroid diseases.

Russian-herbal-recipes-for-vitiligo_0_1

It has been found that in patients with vitiligo there are higher levels of antibodies against the thyroid gland.

St.-John's-wort-(Hypericum-perforatum)

1. St. John's wort (Hypericum perforatum)

St.-John's-wort-(Hypericum-perforatum)_0_0

One of the herbs most commonly used in Russian traditional medicine for the treatment of vitiligo is St. John's wort (Hypericum perforatum). The plant contains flavonoids, niacin, vitamin C and carotene, protein, calcium, zinc, magnesium, sodium and potassium, tannins, anthraquinones, saponins, fats, oils and proteins.

St.-John's-wort-(Hypericum-perforatum)_0_1

The most important quality of St. John's wort in the treatment of vitiligo is its photosensitive effect. The herb should be used with caution due to numerous reports of side effects, including activation of cytochrome P450, which can affect the metabolism of many drugs.

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It is also known to affect thyroid function, causing increased levels of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) and should be taken with caution by patients with thyroid disease and those who use medicine to treat it, especially hormones.

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<h4>Recipe #1: Hypericum perforatum in olive oil</h4>

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Preparation: Fill a small glass jar with St. John's wort flowers, leaving 4-5 cm of empty space on top. Add extra virgin olive oil to the jar and place in the sun (not in the shade, but in direct sunlight) for at least 2 weeks, shaking it every day.

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After this period of time, remove the flowers from the mixture and add a new fresh portion of them. Leave the jar in the sun for another 2 weeks.

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This should be repeated 5 to 7 times.

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Since St. John's wort blooms all summer, there should be no problems with the sourcing of raw materials.

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The thus obtained extract of St. John's wort should be red-brown in color, with a creamy consistency.

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Method of application: Compresses are made, as a piece of gauze or other suitable tissue is soaked in the extract and placed on the affected areas. The compress should be applied for about 30 minutes.

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Application is followed by exposure of treated areas to sunlight. Attention, attention! The first time sun exposure should not exceed 2 minutes. Over time, sun exposure may be increased by a few minutes each day until it reaches a maximum of 30 minutes.

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This procedure should be performed twice a day for 30 days. Two&nbsp;to three cycles with 2-week breaks between each cycle are recommended.

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To increase the effectiveness of the treatment of vitiligo when using the oil extract of St. John's wort, it is advisable to take and infusion of&nbsp;St. John's wort at the same time.

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<h4>Recipe #2: St. John's wort infusion</h4>

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Preparation: 1 teaspoon ground dried St. John's wort is poured with about 200 ml of boiling water and allowed to stand for 1 hour.

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Method of administration: Remove the plant parts and take 1 tablespoon of the infusion, 3 times a day after a meal, for 21 days. In order for the treatment to be effective, it is necessary to repeat this course 8 times with one-week breaks in between.

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<h4>Recipe #3:&nbsp;Hypericum perforatum cream</h4>

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Russian folk medicine for healthy skin. Part 1: herbal remedies for vitiligo, infections, warts