Tanacetum parthenium, known as feverfew, is a flowering plant in the daisy family, Asteraceae. It is a traditional medicinal herb that is used commonly to prevent migraine headaches. Occasionally, it is grown for ornament. It usually is identified in the literature with its synonyms, Chrysanthemum parthenium and Pyrethrum parthenium.

The plant is a herbaceous perennial that grows into a small bush, up to 70 cm (28 in) high, with pungently-scented leaves. The leaves are light yellowish green, variously ...

tanacetum parthenium

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Text adaptation: Rositsa Tashkova, Master of Molecular Biology and Microbiology

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Aspirin, ibuprofen (Nurofen) and paracetamol (acetaminophen) are among the most commonly used anti-inflammatory and analgesic agents. These medications are also among the most prescribed in connection with both the treatment and prevention of COVID-19, as well as for the relief of side effects after vaccination (fever, headache). Therefore, it is important to know which herbs to avoid in these moments.

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Aspirin is also used by many people as a prophylactic agent - in thrombophilia and for maintaining the cardiovascular system, since it has the property of thinning the blood - it is a platelet antiaggregant and prevents the formation of thrombs in blood vessels.

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Ibuprofen (known as Nurofen) also belongs to the class of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and is among the most commonly used medications for pain relief, fever and suppressing inflammation. The combination of ibuprofen and aspirin can be very dangerous! It is good to avoid taking it with drugs that have anticoagulant and antiaggregant effect (blood thinners).

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Due to the accessibility of these drugs and their widespread use, we hardly think&nbsp; about their potential negative interactions with another type of therapy, which we are also used to percieving as harmless - the herbal therapy. In this article you will learn which herbs and medicinal plants should not be taken when using these medications.

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The information comes from the article Herbal medication: potential for adverse interactions with analgesic drugs [<a href="https://www.bioseek.eu/en/eng/research/pubmed/Herbal_medication_potential_for_adverse_interactions_with_analgesic_drugs_12472978" target="_blank" rel="noopener">ref.1</a>].

Aspirin-and-ibuprofen---which-herbs-to-avoid

Aspirin and ibuprofen - which herbs to avoid

Aspirin-and-ibuprofen---which-herbs-to-avoid_0_0

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), especially aspirin, have the potential to interact with herbal supplements known to have antiplatelet activity with those containing coumarin and with tamarind, which increases the risk of bleeding. It is good not to use these herbs when taking aspirin or ibuprofen to avoid severe bleeding.

Aspirin-and-ibuprofen---which-herbs-to-avoid_0_1

Aspirin-and-ibuprofen---which-herbs-to-avoid_0_2

Herbs with antiplatelet activity:

Aspirin-and-ibuprofen---which-herbs-to-avoid_0_3

<ul>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Ginkgo biloba,</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Garlic (Allium sativum),</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Ginger (Zingiber officinale),</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Blueberry (Vaccinium),</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Dong Quai or also called Danggui and female ginseng (Angelica sinensis),</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Feverfew (Tanacetum parthenium),</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Ginseng (Panax ginseng),</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Turmeric (Curcuma longa),</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Meadowsweet or mead wort&nbsp;(Filipendula ulmaria)</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Willow (Salix) - a substance called salicyl is extracted from the young willow twigs, and then is used to produce aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid).</li>
</ul>

Aspirin-and-ibuprofen---which-herbs-to-avoid_0_4

Herbs that contain coumarin:

Aspirin-and-ibuprofen---which-herbs-to-avoid_0_5

<ul>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla),</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Herbs of the genus Leonurus, e.g. motherwort (Leonurus cardiaca),</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Horse chestnut (Aesculus hippocastanum),</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-grecum)</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Red clover (Trifolium pratense).</li>
</ul>

Aspirin-and-ibuprofen---which-herbs-to-avoid_0_6

Paracetamol---which-herbs-to-avoid

Paracetamol - which herbs to avoid

Paracetamol---which-herbs-to-avoid_1_0

Paracetamol (acetaminophen) may also interact with ginkgo and possibly with at least some of the above mentioned herbs, which may increase the risk of bleeding.

Paracetamol---which-herbs-to-avoid_1_1

In addition, the frequency of hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity (damage to the liver and kidneys) can be increased by paracetamol when used simultaneously with potentially hepatotoxic herbs Echinacea purpurea&nbsp;and kava&nbsp;(Piper methysticum), and with herbs containing salicylate respectively - for example, willow and meadowsweet.

Opioid-painkillers--which-herbs-to-avoid

Opioid painkillers- which herbs to avoid

Opioid-painkillers--which-herbs-to-avoid_2_0

Simultaneous use of opioid painkillers with sedative herbal supplements, such as kava, chamomile and valerian (Valeriana officinalis), can lead to increased suppression of the central nervous system.

Opioid-painkillers--which-herbs-to-avoid_2_1

The analgesic effect of opioids can also be suppressed by <a href="/p/zhienshient_8_prichini_poradi_koito_kitaitsitie_gho_narichat_kralitsata_na_bilkitie" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">ginseng</a>.

Opioid-painkillers--which-herbs-to-avoid_2_2

It is important that both doctors and patients are aware of potential adverse interactions between herbal supplements and pain medications and take appropriate precautions to avoid their possible occurrence.

Herbs to avoid when taking aspirin, nurofen and paracetamol

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 Herbs to avoid when taking aspirin, nurofen and paracetamol

Rositsa Tashkova-Kacharova

Author: Rositsa Tashkova, Master of Molecular Biology and Microbiology

Migraines are not just the usual <a href="/p/do_kakvi_funktsionalni_izmienieniia_vodi_siediezha_chast_1_0b939629_6381_4580_96cd_750426938dbf" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">headache</a>. Sometimes the extremely strong, throbbing pain is accompanied by the so-called "aura" - in these cases we are talking about "classic migraine".

The aura is a visual disturbance in the form of growing spots with colored edges, sometimes a creeping tingling sensation in а limb (often the hand) and impaired speech or inability to speak. Nausea and vomiting, intolerance to light and sounds may also be added to these symptoms.

In this article, we will consider which are the medicinal plants that can alleviate the symptoms of migraines:

<ul>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Feverfew (Tanacetum parthenium)</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Butterbur (Petasites hybridus)</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Mint (Mentha spicata)</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Ginkgo biloba</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Ginger (Zingiber officinale)</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Lavender (Lavandula angustifolia)</li>
</ul>

Feverfew-(Tanacetum-parthenium)---the-Balkan-migraine-remedy

Feverfew (Tanacetum parthenium) - the Balkan migraine remedy

Feverfew-(Tanacetum-parthenium)---the-Balkan-migraine-remedy_0_0

Feverfew is a herb that originates from the Balkan mountans, but today it is distributed in many other places around the world.

Feverfew-(Tanacetum-parthenium)---the-Balkan-migraine-remedy_0_1

It is traditionally used to alleviate fever, as an analgesic agent, for headaches, as an anti-inflammatory agent, against edema.

Feverfew-(Tanacetum-parthenium)---the-Balkan-migraine-remedy_0_2

The herb is usually used after drying the leaves, flowers and stems of the plant.

Feverfew-(Tanacetum-parthenium)---the-Balkan-migraine-remedy_0_3

According to a number of studies, the feverfew relieves migraine attacks. [<a href="https://www.bioseek.eu/en/eng/research/search?q=Tanacetum%20parthenium%20migraine&amp;p=1&amp;st=1&amp;tp=9&amp;s=x&amp;as=ARTICLE%3APUBMED%3A12230594" target="_blank" rel="noopener">ref.1</a>]

Feverfew-(Tanacetum-parthenium)---the-Balkan-migraine-remedy_0_4

Feverfew-(Tanacetum-parthenium)---the-Balkan-migraine-remedy_0_5

The herb is contraindicated during&nbsp;pregnancy and lactation, children under 2 years, diabetes, alcoholism, liver problems, when taking anticoagulants (drugs against blood clotting) and in patients who are allergic to plants of the Asteraceae family.

Butterbur-(Petasites-hybridus)-and-it's-role-in-stopping-migraine-attacks

Butterbur (Petasites hybridus) and it's role in stopping migraine attacks

Butterbur-(Petasites-hybridus)-and-it's-role-in-stopping-migraine-attacks_1_0

For many centuries, the herb has been used to reduce pain, against fever and cramps. Today, the butterbur is used mainly for the prevention of migraines, but also for common headaches and asthma.

Butterbur-(Petasites-hybridus)-and-it's-role-in-stopping-migraine-attacks_1_1

But the plant contains toxic for the liver substances, such as pyrolysidine alkaloids and potential carcinogens, which are removed by special patented treatment and the herb is safe and available under the name Petadolex®. Without this treatment, the intake of any part of the plant can be dangerous. The herb is prohibited for sale in Germany and the UK for this reason. [<a href="https://www.migrainetrust.org/living-with-migraine/treatments/supplements-and-herbs/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">ref.2</a>]

Mint-(Mentha-spicata)-might-be-effective-against-pain-and-nausea

Mint (Mentha spicata) might be effective against pain and nausea

Mint-(Mentha-spicata)-might-be-effective-against-pain-and-nausea_2_0

A 2010 study published in the International Journal of Clinical Practice [<a href="https://www.bioseek.eu/en/eng/research/pubmed/Cutaneous_application_of_menthol_10_solution_as_an_abortive_treatment_of_migraine_without_aura_a_randomised_double_blind_placebo_controlled_crossed_over_study_20456191" target="_blank" rel="noopener">ref.3</a>] found that menthol is effective in stopping migraine pain without aura and relieving nausea when applied to the forehead and temples in the form of a 10% solution.

Mint-(Mentha-spicata)-might-be-effective-against-pain-and-nausea_2_1

Good-old-Ginkgo-biloba

Good old Ginkgo biloba

Good-old-Ginkgo-biloba_3_0

There is evidence that Ginkgo biloba extract (Ginkgolide B) may relieve migraine symptoms. This is confirmed by a study involving students suffering from migraine attacks. Positive effects were observed after taking a complex of ginkgolide B, coenzyme Q10, riboflavin and magnesium for 3 months. [<a href="https://www.bioseek.eu/en/eng/research/pubmed/Ginkgolide_B_complex_efficacy_for_brief_prophylaxis_of_migraine_in_school_aged_children_an_open_label_study_20872034" target="_blank" rel="noopener">ref.4</a>]

Ginger-(Zingiber-officinale)---a-safe-and-effective-remedy

Ginger (Zingiber officinale) - a safe and effective remedy

Ginger-(Zingiber-officinale)---a-safe-and-effective-remedy_4_0

According to some studies and clinical trials, ginger is a safe and effective remedy for relieving pain, nausea and vomiting in migraine <a href="https://www.bioseek.eu/en/eng/research/pubmed/the_efficacy_of_ginger_for_the_treatment_of_migraine_a_meta_analysis_of_randomized_controlled_studies_33293189" target="_blank" rel="noopener"></a> attacks. A 2020 review confirms these figures [<a href="https://www.bioseek.eu/en/eng/research/pubmed/the_efficacy_of_ginger_for_the_treatment_of_migraine_a_meta_analysis_of_randomized_controlled_studies_33293189" target="_blank" rel="noopener">ref.5</a>].

Ginger-(Zingiber-officinale)---a-safe-and-effective-remedy_4_1

Lavender-(Lavandula-angustifolia)

Lavender (Lavandula angustifolia)

Lavender-(Lavandula-angustifolia)_5_0

Lavender essential oil is used as a sedative, mood stabilizer, antispasmodic, against high blood pressure, antimicrobial, analgesic agent, for anxiety and <a href="/p/trievozhnost_i_biezsniie_kakvo_priedlagha_prirodata_eef882c6_b669_4aea_9d2d_1e11852fbcfe" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">insomnia</a>, as well as for faster wound healing.

Lavender-(Lavandula-angustifolia)_5_1

In 2012, a clinical study was conducted on the effect of lavender oil on migraines. The results show that inhaling lavender essential oil can be an effective and safe treatment for acute migraine headaches. [<a href="https://www.karger.com/Article/Abstract/335249" target="_blank" rel="noopener">ref.6</a>]

6 herbs for migraine relief - what you need to know

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 6 herbs for migraine relief - what you need to know

Adaptation of the text: Rositsa Tashkova, Master of Molecular Biology and Microbiology

We are mostly used to looking for immunostimulating action in herbs, but there are at least two groups of people who need immunosuppression: those suffering from autoimmune diseases and those who have undergone transplantation.

The most common autoimmune diseases are <a href="/p/17_dostpni_bilki_v_pomoshch_na_stradashchitie_ot_mnozhiestviena_sklieroza_e283f90a_9560_4d6e_9921_d3260c14b70c" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">multiple sclerosis</a>, rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis and <a href="/p/psoriazis_i_psoriatichien_artrit_sshchnost_prichini_i_liechieniie_646d5c4e_2d56_4246_894b_bd4b98ec5d3c" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">psoriatic arthritis</a>, <a href="/p/da_spazvamie_li_biezghlutienova_diieta_ako_imamie_khashimoto_9d8c8cda_3bfc_429e_9906_1f14e0d3b605" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">Hashimoto's thyroiditis</a>, Graves' disease, <a href="/p/kakvo_ie_boliest_na_kron_i_kak_sie_diaghnostitsira_f1bbb289_7915_4718_983b_21a0ff00feaa" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">Crohn's disease</a> and ulcerative colitis, lupus, <a href="/p/vsichko_za_diabiet_tip_1_na_iedno_miasto_751da342_2d55_43af_ae7f_1e1c89cd3800" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">type 1</a><a href="/p/vsichko_za_diabiet_tip_1_na_iedno_miasto_751da342_2d55_43af_ae7f_1e1c89cd3800" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">diabetes</a>, vitiligo, <a href="/p/zashcho_kosata_pobieliava_mozhie_li_tova_da_sie_sluchi_za_iedna_noshch_i_naistina_li_striest_ima_vliianiie_04946b5c_b12d_49e6_883e_20c04f1389b8" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">alopecia areata</a>.

This article is based on a 2012 publication. (Herbal Medicines for Immunosuppression, authored by Zahra Amirghofran, <a href="https://ijaai.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijaai/article/view/336" target="_blank" rel="noopener">ref.1),</a>which examines herbs having&nbsp;immunosuppressive and anti-inflammatory effects and may have a protective effect in immune-mediated diseases.

Due to the severe side effects of the most commonly used medications (glucocorticoids and cyclophosphamides), increasing attention has been paid in recent years to substances of plant origin&nbsp;that could replace&nbsp;them.

Turmeric-(Curcuma-longa)

Turmeric (Curcuma longa)

Turmeric-(Curcuma-longa)_0_0

Turmeric is derived from tropical South Asia and very often finds application in folk medicine for the treatment of infections and inflammatory diseases.

Turmeric-(Curcuma-longa)_0_1

The main biological effects of turmeric are attributed to the substance curcumin - natural polyphenol with strong anti-inflammatory and antioxidant action. Curcumin can alter the expression of various transcription factors, cell cycle proteins and kinases - important components of cell life.

Turmeric-(Curcuma-longa)_0_2

It has been found that the substance has an influence on lymphocytes and on a series of immunological functions, including humoral and cellular immunity; it also reduces the production of cytokines. [<a href="https://www.herbal-organic.com/bg/pubmed/Amelioration_of_experimental_autoimmune_encephalomyelitis_by_curcumin_treatment_through_inhibition_of_IL_17_production_19539560" target="_blank" rel="noopener">ref.2</a>]

Turmeric-(Curcuma-longa)_0_3

Several clinical studies have shown that curcumin may have potential as a therapeutic agent in inflammatory bowel diseases, pancreatitis, arthritis, and chronic anterior uveitis. [<a href="https://www.herbal-organic.com/bg/pubmed/Anti_inflammatory_properties_of_curcumin_a_major_constituent_of_Curcuma_longa_a_review_of_preclinical_and_clinical_research_19594223" target="_blank" rel="noopener">ref.3</a>]

Turmeric-(Curcuma-longa)_0_4

Thunder-god-vine,-Lei-gong-teng-(Tripterygium-wilfordii-Hook-F)

Thunder god vine, Lei gong teng (Tripterygium wilfordii Hook F)

Thunder-god-vine,-Lei-gong-teng-(Tripterygium-wilfordii-Hook-F)_1_0

The plant is bushy and is from the Spindle tree family. It is found in China, Japan, and Korea. The root is mainly used, as the other parts of the plant are very poisonous.

Thunder-god-vine,-Lei-gong-teng-(Tripterygium-wilfordii-Hook-F)_1_1

Lei gong teng is used to treat rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus. The importance of plant derivatives has been demonstrated by both laboratory and clinical data. [<a href="https://www.herbal-organic.com/bg/pubmed/Parthenolide_a_sesquiterpene_lactone_expresses_multiple_anti_cancer_and_anti_inflammatory_activities_21603970" target="_blank" rel="noopener">ref.4</a>]

Thunder-god-vine,-Lei-gong-teng-(Tripterygium-wilfordii-Hook-F)_1_2

The immunosuppressive activity of the herb can also be used in patients with organ transplantation. Hope for this gives a study of its effects in an animal model of kidney transplantation - the substancedemethylzeilasteral (T-96), isolated from this plant, in combination with prednisone has significantly prolonged the survival of rats with transplanted kidneys [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12412711/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">ref.5</a>].

Licorice-(Glycyrrhiza-sp.)

Licorice (Glycyrrhiza  sp.)

Licorice-(Glycyrrhiza-sp.)_2_0

Herb licorice (liquorice) is used in folk medicine because of its antibacterial, immunomodulatory, cardioprotective, and hepatoprotective action.

Licorice-(Glycyrrhiza-sp.)_2_1

Positive effects have been observed with the use of substances from the plant in <a href="/p/psoriazis_i_psoriatichien_artrit_sshchnost_prichini_i_liechieniie_646d5c4e_2d56_4246_894b_bd4b98ec5d3c" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">psoriasis</a> in combination with milk proteins in the composition of cream [<a href="https://www.bioseek.eu/en/eng/research/pubmed/Chalcones_from_Chinese_liquorice_inhibit_proliferation_of_T_cells_and_production_of_cytokines_11962733" target="_blank" rel="noopener">ref.6</a>].

Licorice-(Glycyrrhiza-sp.)_2_2

Psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis - substance, causes and treatment

Licorice-(Glycyrrhiza-sp.)_2_3

The root of licorice contains glycyrrhizin, the main metabolite of which is glycyrrhizin acid, which&nbsp;has&nbsp;also shown anti-inflammatory effects in various animal models of diseases.

Danshen-(Salvia-miltiorrhiza)

Danshen (Salvia miltiorrhiza)

Danshen-(Salvia-miltiorrhiza)_3_0

The other names of the herb are red sage, Chinese sage, and tan shen. It is very common in China where it is used to treat hepatitis, brain, and heart disease.

Danshen-(Salvia-miltiorrhiza)_3_1

Danshen-(Salvia-miltiorrhiza)_3_2

The plant inhibits the production of gamma-interferon from lymph node cells and can find application in the treatment of immunological diseases.

Danshen-(Salvia-miltiorrhiza)_3_3

The main active substance of danschen is Tanshione IIA (TSN). It reduces the levels of inflammatory cytokines interleukin-2 (IL-2), interleukin-4 (IL-4), gamma-interferon (IFN-γ), and tumor-necrotizing factor-alpha (TNF-α), but increases those of the anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-10 (IL-10).

Green-tea-(Camelliasinensis)

Green tea (Camelliasinensis)

Green-tea-(Camelliasinensis)_4_0

Green tea finds many applications in folk medicine - a painkiller, cardiotonic, carminative (gaseous action), central nervous system stimulant, diuretic, and against difficult digestion.

Green-tea-(Camelliasinensis)_4_1

Polyphenol compounds in green tea have anti-inflammatory properties, and in various experiments, with animal models, they have demonstrated an immunosuppressive effect.

Green-tea-(Camelliasinensis)_4_2

Green tea has alleviated autoimmune symptoms in an animal model of rheumatoid arthritis and in a mouse model of Sjogren's syndrome, and in recent years attention has turned to the substance epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) - a component of green tea with anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory action. [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17935769/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">ref.7</a>]

Green-tea-(Camelliasinensis)_4_3

Green tea: 9 unexpected health benefits and how to prepare it

Feverfew-(Tanacetum-parthenium)

Feverfew (Tanacetum parthenium)

Feverfew-(Tanacetum-parthenium)_5_0

Feverfew, also called Tanacetum, originates in the Balkan Mountains, but today it is distributed in many places around the&nbsp;world.

Feverfew-(Tanacetum-parthenium)_5_1

In folk medicine, it is used in rheumatoid arthritis and fever.

Feverfew-(Tanacetum-parthenium)_5_2

The herb inhibits some inflammatory enzymes and inhibits the excretion of inflammatory mediators nitric oxide, prostaglandin E2 and TNF-α from macrophages, as well as gamma-interferon and interleukin-4 from mononuclear cells in peripheral blood. [<a href="https://www.herbal-organic.com/bg/pubmed/Immunochemical_characterization_of_the_functional_constituents_of_Tripterygium_wilfordii_contributing_to_its_anti_inflammatory_property_18047628" target="_blank" rel="noopener">ref.8</a>]

Feverfew-(Tanacetum-parthenium)_5_3

It is believed that bioactive compounds in the maiden door can be used as an additional agent in immunotherapy of colorectal cancer.

Feverfew-(Tanacetum-parthenium)_5_4

Barberry-(Berberidaceae)

Barberry (Berberidaceae)

Barberry-(Berberidaceae)_6_0

Pickled milk thistle has a long history in traditional medicine.

Barberry-(Berberidaceae)_6_1

Berbamin is a purified compound from common barberry (Berberis vulgaris) and other types of barberry. It has strong anti-inflammatory properties and prolongs the life of mice after skin transplantation.

Barberry-(Berberidaceae)_6_2

Details about the mechanisms of action of these herbs read in the original article [<a href="https://ijaai.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijaai/article/view/336/336" target="_blank" rel="noopener">ref.1</a> - will download the article in PDF].

Other-plants

Other plants

Other-plants_7_0

Other plants have also demonstrated immunosuppressive action in various studies. These include:

Other-plants_7_1

<ul>
<li style="font-weight: 400;"><a href="https://www.herbal-organic.com/bg/relation/%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%8A%D0%BD/%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8A%D0%B7%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%BE/14382-189237/herb-herbal_use/235-6-4" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Garlic</a> (Allium sativum);</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;"><a href="https://www.herbal-organic.com/bg/relation/astragalus%20trimestris/%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8A%D0%B7%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%BE/14688-189237/herb-herbal_use/74--" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Astragalus</a> (Astragalus membranaceus); </li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;"><a href="https://www.herbal-organic.com/bg/relation/%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%81/%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8A%D0%B7%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%BE/14726-189237/herb-herbal_use/150-2-" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Green chiretta</a> (Andrographis paniculata);</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;"><a href="https://www.herbal-organic.com/bg/relation/%D1%81%D1%8A%D1%80%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B0%20%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B0/%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8A%D0%B7%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%BE/15676-189237/herb-herbal_use/20--" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Sickle-leaved hare's-ear</a> (Bupleurum falcatum);</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;"><a href="https://www.herbal-organic.com/bg/relation/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%20%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B0/%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8A%D0%B7%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%BE/15514-189237/herb-herbal_use/18--" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Yuan zhi</a>&nbsp;(Polygala tenuifolia);</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;"><a href="https://www.herbal-organic.com/bg/relation/Clerodendron%20trichotomum/%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8A%D0%B7%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%BE/-189237/-herbal_use/4--" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Clerodendron trichotomum</a>;</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;"><a href="https://www.herbal-organic.com/bg/relation/artemisia%20vestita/%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8A%D0%B7%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%BE/77302-189237/herb-herbal_use/4--" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Artemisia vestita</a>;</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;"><a href="https://www.herbal-organic.com/bg/relation/salvia%20mirzayanii/%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8A%D0%B7%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%BE/19349-189237/herb-herbal_use/4--" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Salvia mirzayanii</a>;</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;"><a href="https://www.herbal-organic.com/bg/relation/dracocephalum%20kotschyi/%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8A%D0%B7%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%BE/170611-189237/herb-herbal_use/4--" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Dracocephalum kotschyi</a>;</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;"><a href="https://www.herbal-organic.com/bg/relation/Zizyphus%20lotus/%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8A%D0%B7%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%BE/-189237/-herbal_use/6--" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Zizyphus lotus</a>;</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;"><a href="https://www.herbal-organic.com/bg/pubmed/Medicinal_plants_as_immunosuppressive_agents_in_traditional_Iranian_medicine_20574119" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Stachys obtusicrena</a>;</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;"><a href="https://www.herbal-organic.com/bg/pubmed/Haussknechtia_elymatica_a_plant_with_immunomodulatory_effects_17652840" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Haussknechtia elymatica</a>;</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;"><a href="https://www.herbal-organic.com/bg/relation/periploca%20sepium/%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8A%D0%B7%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%BE/16975-189237/herb-herbal_use/3--" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Periploca sepium</a>.</li>
</ul>

Other-plants_7_2

Why omega-3 fatty acids are healthy and what they are used for

Other-plants_7_3

Future studies will confirm the place of these and other herbs in the therapy of autoimmune diseases and for maintaining the quality of life of transplanted patients.

Q&amp;A

Q&amp;A_8_0

What causes autoimmune disease?

Q&amp;A_8_1

Scientists do not yet know the exact causes of autoimmune disease, but suggest that the process may be triggered by a viral or bacterial infection, under the influence of certain drugs, toxic substances or genetic predisposition. These factors can confuse the immune system and make it begin to recognize its own cells as hostile.

Q&amp;A_8_2

What are the symotoms of autoimmune disease?

Q&amp;A_8_3

There are over 80 autoimmune diseases or conditions. Despite the different types of autoimmune diseases, many of them have similar symptoms. Common symptoms of autoimmune disease include:

Q&amp;A_8_4

<ul>
<li>Fatigue,</li>
<li>Pain and swelling in the joints,</li>
<li>Skin problems,</li>
<li>Abdominal pain or problems with digestion,</li>
<li>Recurrent fever,</li>
<li>Swollen glands.</li>
</ul>

Q&amp;A_8_5

What type of transplantations are there?

Q&amp;A_8_6

Autotransplantation - with tissue, taken from the same patient that it would be transplanted to.

Q&amp;A_8_7

Allograft and allotransplantation - transplantation of tissue or organ from one person to another - the most common case of transplantation.

Q&amp;A_8_8

Xenograft and xenotransplantation - transplantation of a tissue or organ from one species to another, for example from an animal to a human.

Q&amp;A_8_9

Domino transplants - an example of such a case are patients with cystic fibrosis (a type of lung disease), but a healthy heart; in transplantation, it is easier to transplant both the lung and heart from a deceased donor and for the recipient to give their heart to another patient in need of a heart transplant.

Q&amp;A_8_10

ABO-incompatible transplants - usually in young children up to 12-24 months of age, while the immune system is not yet fully developed and the risk of rejecting an otherwise incompatible transplant is much lower.

tanacetum parthenium

6 herbs for migraine relief - what you need to know

Herbs for autoimmune disease sufferers and transplant patients