Vitamin B12 deficiency, also known as cobalamin deficiency, is the medical condition of low blood and tissue levels of vitamin B12. In mild deficiency, a person may feel tired and have a reduced number of red blood cells (anemia). In moderate deficiency, soreness of the tongue, apthous ulcers, breathlessness, jaundice, hair fall and severe joint pain (arthralgia) may occur, and the beginning of neurological symptoms, including abnormal sensations such as pins and needles, numbness and tinnitus. Severe ...

vitamin b 12 deficiency

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Symptoms-associated-with-leukopenia

Symptoms associated with leukopenia

Symptoms-associated-with-leukopenia_0_0

<ul><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Fatigue</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Frequent infections</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Slow healing of wounds</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Fever</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Shortness of breath</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Weakness</li></ul>

Possible-causes-of-leukopenia

Possible causes of leukopenia

Autoimmune-diseases

Autoimmune diseases

Autoimmune-diseases_1_0

<ul><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="2">Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE): A chronic inflammatory disease that can affect multiple organs, including the skin, joints, kidneys, and heart. The immune system mistakenly attacks healthy cells and tissues, which can lead to leukopenia.</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="2">Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA): A chronic autoimmune disorder that primarily affects the joints, causing pain, stiffness, and inflammation. RA can also impact the production of white blood cells, resulting in leukopenia.</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="2">Consult a rheumatologist for these conditions.</li></ul>

Bone-marrow-disorders

Bone marrow disorders

Bone-marrow-disorders_2_0

<ul><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="2">Aplastic Anemia: A rare condition where the bone marrow fails to produce enough new blood cells, including white blood cells, red blood cells, and platelets. It can be caused by exposure to radiation, certain medications, or viral infections.</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="2">Myelodysplastic Syndromes (MDS): A group of disorders where the bone marrow does not produce enough healthy blood cells, which can lead to low white blood cell counts. MDS can be a result of genetic mutations, exposure to radiation or certain chemicals, or can occur without a known cause.</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="2">Consult a hematologist for these conditions.</li></ul>

Bone-marrow-disorders_2_1

Viral-infections

Viral infections 

Viral-infections_3_0

<ul><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="2">Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV): A virus that attacks the immune system, specifically targeting CD4 cells (a type of white blood cell), leading to a weakened immune system and increased vulnerability to infections.</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="2">Hepatitis: An inflammation of the liver caused by various viruses, such as hepatitis A, B, and C. These viruses can impair the liver's ability to produce white blood cells, contributing to leukopenia.</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="2">Consult an infectious disease specialist for these conditions.</li></ul>

Cancer-and-Cancer-Treatment

Cancer and Cancer Treatment

Cancer-and-Cancer-Treatment_4_0

<ul><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="2">Leukemia: A type of cancer that begins in the bone marrow and results in the production of abnormal white blood cells. These abnormal cells crowd out healthy blood cells, leading to a decrease in normal white blood cell count.</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="2">Chemotherapy and radiation therapy: Cancer treatments that target rapidly dividing cells, including white blood cells. These treatments can inadvertently damage the bone marrow, causing a temporary reduction in white blood cell production.</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="2">Consult an oncologist for these conditions.</li></ul>

Nutritional-deficiencies

Nutritional deficiencies

Nutritional-deficiencies_5_0

<ul><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="2">Vitamin B12 deficiency: This essential vitamin plays a crucial role in the production of blood cells, and a deficiency can lead to a decrease in white blood cell count.</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="2">Folate deficiency: Folate, or vitamin B9, is also important for blood cell production, and a deficiency can contribute to leukopenia.</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="2">Consult a primary care physician, nutritionist, or dietitian for these conditions.</li></ul>

Possible-side-effects-of-medical-drugs-that-can-cause-leukopenia:

Possible side effects of medical drugs that can cause leukopenia:

Possible-side-effects-of-medical-drugs-that-can-cause-leukopenia:_6_0

<ul><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Antibiotics: e.g., penicillin, cephalosporins, and vancomycin</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Anticonvulsants: e.g., phenytoin, carbamazepine, and valproic acid</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Antithyroid medications: e.g., methimazole and propylthiouracil</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Immunosuppressive drugs: e.g., cyclosporine and tacrolimus</li></ul>

Possible-side-effects-of-medical-drugs-that-can-cause-leukopenia:_6_1

Herbal-and-natural-remedies-for-leukopenia

Herbal and natural remedies for leukopenia

Herbal-and-natural-remedies-for-leukopenia_7_0

<ol><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Astragalus (Astragalus membranaceus): Boosts the immune system and improves white blood cell production.</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Echinacea (Echinacea purpurea): Stimulates the immune system and promotes white blood cell production.</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Ginseng (Panax ginseng): Enhances immune function and supports overall health.</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Cat's claw (Uncaria tomentosa): Helps boost the immune system and improves overall health.</li></ol>

Suggestions-for-Changing-Bad-Living-Habits

Suggestions for Changing Bad Living Habits

Suggestions-for-Changing-Bad-Living-Habits_8_0

<ul><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Maintain a balanced diet rich in fruits, vegetables, and whole grains</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Exercise regularly</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Manage stress through relaxation techniques such as meditation and yoga</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Get adequate sleep</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Limit alcohol consumption and quit smoking</li></ul>

Questions-and-answers

Questions and answers

Below-are-ten-frequently-asked-questions-that-are-not-covered-in-the-article:

Below are ten frequently asked questions that are not covered in the article:

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Q: What is the normal range for white blood cell count?

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A: The normal range for white blood cell count is 4,000 to 11,000 cells per microliter of blood.

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Q: How can I increase my white blood cell count naturally?

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A: Eating a balanced diet, exercising regularly, managing stress, and getting enough sleep can help improve your white blood cell count.

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Q: Can stress cause?

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A: Yes, stress can contribute to a decreased white blood cell count. Prolonged stress can have a negative impact on the immune system, which may result in lower white blood cell levels.

Below-are-ten-frequently-asked-questions-that-are-not-covered-in-the-article:_9_8

Below-are-ten-frequently-asked-questions-that-are-not-covered-in-the-article:_9_9

Q: Can leukopenia be cured?

Below-are-ten-frequently-asked-questions-that-are-not-covered-in-the-article:_9_10

A: Treatment for leukopenia depends on the underlying cause. In some cases, treating the cause or removing the trigger (e.g., certain medications) can resolve the low white blood cell count. In other cases, ongoing management may be required.

Below-are-ten-frequently-asked-questions-that-are-not-covered-in-the-article:_9_11

Below-are-ten-frequently-asked-questions-that-are-not-covered-in-the-article:_9_12

Q: Is leukopenia a sign of cancer?

Below-are-ten-frequently-asked-questions-that-are-not-covered-in-the-article:_9_13

A: Leukopenia can be a sign of cancer, particularly leukemia, which affects white blood cell production in the bone marrow. However, not all cases of leukopenia are related to cancer. It is essential to consult a doctor for proper diagnosis and treatment.

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Q: What are the consequences of having a low white blood cell count?

Below-are-ten-frequently-asked-questions-that-are-not-covered-in-the-article:_9_16

A: A low white blood cell count can lead to an increased risk of infections, slower healing of wounds, and a weakened immune system, making it harder for your body to fight off illnesses.

Below-are-ten-frequently-asked-questions-that-are-not-covered-in-the-article:_9_17

Below-are-ten-frequently-asked-questions-that-are-not-covered-in-the-article:_9_18

Q: Can certain foods help increase white blood cell count?

Below-are-ten-frequently-asked-questions-that-are-not-covered-in-the-article:_9_19

A: Yes, certain foods can help improve white blood cell count, such as those rich in vitamin C (e.g., citrus fruits, strawberries, and kiwi), zinc (e.g., oysters, red meat, and poultry), and selenium (e.g., Brazil nuts, tuna, and sunflower seeds).

Below-are-ten-frequently-asked-questions-that-are-not-covered-in-the-article:_9_20

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Q: Are there any risks associated with using herbal remedies for leukopenia?

Below-are-ten-frequently-asked-questions-that-are-not-covered-in-the-article:_9_22

A: Herbal remedies can have side effects and interact with medications. It is crucial to consult with a healthcare professional before starting any herbal treatment to ensure it is safe and appropriate for your specific situation.

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Below-are-ten-frequently-asked-questions-that-are-not-covered-in-the-article:_9_24

Q: How is leukopenia diagnosed?

Below-are-ten-frequently-asked-questions-that-are-not-covered-in-the-article:_9_25

A: Leukopenia is typically diagnosed through a blood test called a complete blood count (CBC), which measures the number of white blood cells, red blood cells, and platelets in your blood.

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Q: Is leukopenia contagious?

Below-are-ten-frequently-asked-questions-that-are-not-covered-in-the-article:_9_28

A: No, leukopenia is not contagious. It is a medical condition caused by various factors, including diseases and medications, and cannot be transmitted from one person to another.

Leukopenia is a condition characterized by low white blood cell count, which can increase the risk of infections and impact overall health. Various factors, including autoimmune diseases, bone marrow disorders, viral infections, and cancer treatments, can contribute to leukopenia. Some medications may also cause this condition as a side effect. Herbal and natural treatments, such as Astragalus, Echinacea, Ginseng, and Cat's claw, can help improve white blood cell count. Adopting a healthy lifestyle and seeking appropriate medical consultation can also help manage and prevent leukopenia.

Leukopenia: Understanding the Causes, Risks, and Treatment Options for Low White Blood Cell Count

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Leukopenia: Understanding the Causes, Risks, and Treatment Options for

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What-is-vitiligo?

What is vitiligo? 

What-is-vitiligo?_0_0

What-is-vitiligo?_0_1

Vitiligo is a condition of the skin in which areas of it lose their color. The total area of skin that can be affected by vitiligo varies between individuals. It can also affect the eyes, the inside of the mouth and the hair. In most cases, the affected areas remain discolored for the rest of a person's life. 1

What-is-vitiligo?_0_2

The condition is photosensitive, which means that the affected areas will be more sensitive to sunlight than those that are not.

What-is-vitiligo?_0_3

Vitiligo is caused by a lack of a pigment called melanin in the skin. Melanin is produced by skin cells called melanocytes and gives your skin its color. With vitiligo, there are not enough working melanocytes to produce enough melanin in the skin.

Symptoms-and-causes-of-the-development-of-vitiligo

Symptoms and causes of the development of vitiligo 

Symptoms-and-causes-of-the-development-of-vitiligo_1_0

Symptoms-and-causes-of-the-development-of-vitiligo_1_1

The only symptom of vitiligo is the appearance of flat lighter spots or prominent areas on the skin. The first white spot that becomes noticeable is often an area exposed to the sun. It starts as an ordinary spot, slightly paler than the rest of the skin, but over time this spot becomes paler until it becomes completely white.

Symptoms-and-causes-of-the-development-of-vitiligo_1_2

These spots are usually irregularly shaped. The edges can sometimes be inflamed with a red tint, visible on all skin tones, leading to itching. Usually, the appearance of these spots does not cause discomfort, irritation, soreness or dryness of the skin.

Symptoms-and-causes-of-the-development-of-vitiligo_1_3

Research suggests that vitiligo may be the result of the following factors:

Symptoms-and-causes-of-the-development-of-vitiligo_1_4

<ul><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Autoimmune state: Your immune system counts healthy cells (melanocytes) as foreign invaders that can cause harm to the body. This causes the immune system to react too strongly and develop antibodies to destroy melanocytes.</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Genetic changes: A genetic mutation or change in the body's&nbsp; DNA can affect the functioning of melanocytes. There are over 30 genes that can increase the risk of developing vitiligo. [ref.&nbsp;<a href="https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0733863516301401" target="_blank" data-ref="Redirecting" rel="noopener">1]</a>&nbsp;</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Stress: The amount of pigment that melanocyte cells produce can change if you experience frequent emotional or physical stress, especially after an injury.</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Environmental factors: Factors such as ultraviolet radiation and exposure to toxic chemicals can affect the functioning of melanocyte cells.</li></ul>

How-is-vitiligo-treated?

How is vitiligo treated? 

How-is-vitiligo-treated?_2_0

How-is-vitiligo-treated?_2_1

Treatment of vitiligo is not necessary, since the condition is not harmful to the body and is limited to the cosmetic aspect. If you have widespread vitiligo or your physical symptoms affect your emotional state, it may take to restore color (repigmentation) or eliminate the remaining color (depigmentation) of the skin, as well as some other measures. Most often in vitiligo are applied:

How-is-vitiligo-treated?_2_2

<ul><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Medications.</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Light therapy.</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Therapy for depigmentation and others.</li></ul>

Natural-remedies,-herbs-and-diet-for-people-with-vitiligo

Natural remedies, herbs and diet for people with vitiligo 

Natural-remedies,-herbs-and-diet-for-people-with-vitiligo_3_0

Nature has provided us with everything we need to be healthier and fight most diseases. In the case of vitiligo, we do not have a remedy for it, but there are some natural remedies that can support the general condition of the body and its defenses.

Ginkgo-biloba

Ginkgo biloba 

Ginkgo-biloba_3_0

Ginkgo biloba is a plant that is often prescribed for vitiligo. Ginkgo has a strong antioxidant effect and helps improve the health and function of your immune system. However, ginkgo should not be taken if you have a bleeding disorder or are about to undergo surgery. A ginkgo dose of 40 mg, three times a day, is recommended to help treat conditions such as vitiligo.

Ginkgo-biloba_3_1

One study even found that taking 60 mg. Standardized ginkgo biloba twice daily for 12 weeks was associated with a significant improvement in the expression and area of vitiligo spots. 3

Suspected-relationship-with-thyroid

Suspected relationship with thyroid 

Suspected-relationship-with-thyroid_3_0

It is believed that one of the causes of vitiligo is the development of an autoimmune disease. It is often associated with other diseases that have an autoimmune origin, such as autoimmune thyroiditis and insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (type 1 diabetes).&nbsp;

Suspected-relationship-with-thyroid_3_1

In one study, vitiligo was associated with decreased thyroid function in 16% of the children studied. Thyroid autoantibodies were found to be positive in 11.3% of them. Although this is a relatively small study, the previously reported prevalence of thyroid disease in children with vitiligo ranged from 10.7 to 24.1%, and the prevalence from 25.3% determined in this study is consistent with other literature. However, thyroid underactivity has not been measured in the general local population that has not had vitiligo, and it is well known that there is a common problem with iodine levels in many people. 4

Seaweed

Seaweed_3_0

An algal supplement would be advisable to ensure sufficient iodine intake to maintain the thyroid gland. If there is already autoimmune thyroiditis (Hashimoto's disease), this should be discussed with a doctor, as some patients may become extremely sensitive to iodine, but many are not affected because the bioavailability of seaweed and the absorption of the seaweed matrix is different from potassium iodide.

Zinc

Zinc_3_0

Increasing the consumption of foods high in zinc in&nbsp; vitiligo is also a good step. A 2009 study in the Indian Journal of Dermatology suggested that zinc supplements may help improve this condition. Oysters are an excellent source of zinc, although you can also get zinc from beef, crab, pork, lobster and chicken. Other sources are beans, nuts and dairy foods.

Vitamin-B12

Vitamin B12 

Vitamin-B12_3_0

Eating foods high in vitamin B12 can help stop vitiligo. A study published in the Journal of Clinical Laboratory Analysis in 2011 showed that vitamin B12 deficiency leads to an increase in homocysteine, a compound that may play a role in destroying pigmentation in certain areas of the body. 5

Vitamin-B12_3_1

Therefore, eat more foods such as liver, mussels, trout, salmon, haddock and yogurt as sources of vitamin B12.&nbsp;

Folic-acid

Folic acid 

Folic-acid_3_0

The same study that correlated vitamin B12 deficiency with the incidence of vitiligo looked at low folate levels in this condition. While evidence in the April 2010 edition of the Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology suggests that some forms of light therapy can manipulate folic acid levels in people with vitiligo, increasing intake through diet is a better solution. Some sources of folic acid are peas, spinach, asparagus and broccoli.

Vitamin-C

Vitamin C 

Vitamin-C_3_0

More foods containing vitamin C may be good for people with vitiligo. Citrus fruits such as oranges, grapefruits, and lemons are excellent sources of this vitamin, but other fruits high in vitamin C include kiwi, strawberries, and melon. You can also get vitamin C from vegetables such as tomatoes, broccoli, potatoes, and red and green peppers.

Vitamin-D

Vitamin D 

Vitamin-D_3_0

Vitamin-D_3_1

Vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol) is the form of vitamin D that our bodies produce naturally, after biotransformation of cholesterol, after exposure to ultraviolet rays from the sun. Several studies have found a low level of vitamin D in blood serum in patients with vitiligo. More research is needed to prove a causal link. Either way, the solar vitamin is extremely important for hormonal balance, brain and other things, so it's important to get it daily.

Black-pepper

Black pepper 

Black-pepper_3_0

One study looking at the action of piperine, a substance found in black pepper, has found that it stimulates the growth of melanocytes (skin cells) responsible for skin repigmentation in vitiligo. This is a very interesting sphere of usefulness of the favorite spice, but established in mice. 6

Vitiligo is a condition that causes cosmetic changes in the skin. It does not need treatment because it is not dangerous, but the skin changes themselves can affect self-esteem and make people feel insecure. Therefore, some methods such as light therapy, depigmentation therapy and other means may be recommended by a doctor. Diet can contribute to a general strengthening of health and immunity by not allowing autoimmune or other unusual reactions to occur, and some medications can slow the rate of pigmentation loss and help melanocytes grow back.

Natural remedies, herbs and diet in people with Vitiligo

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Бетина Цветкова

Author: Rositsa Tashkova, Master of Molecular Biology and Microbiology

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If anemia was a woman, how would you have imagined it? Perhaps with a pale face? In fact, anemia has different faces. The causes of anemia can be various, therefore it is extremely important a medical doctor to diagnose them in order to appoint the right treatment. Treatment of one type of anemia can be dangerous for another.

Types-and-causes-of-anemia

Types and causes of anemia

Types-and-causes-of-anemia_0_0

There are at least 9 different causes of anemia - some of them are rare, others are very common, and when we hear the word "anemia" we first think of them. In the following lines we will briefly look at each type and cause.

Blood-loss-anemia

Blood loss anemia

Blood-loss-anemia_0_0

Blood loss can occur in an accident, but also when an internal bleeding is present and anemia may be a symptom of a more serious problem. It is necessary to establish where the bleeding comes from and stop it, after that a therapy for iron deficiency anemia can be appointed if needed.

Bone-marrow-and-stem-cells-problem

Bone marrow and stem cells problem

Bone-marrow-and-stem-cells-problem_0_0

In aplastic anemia [<a href="https://www.bioseek.eu/en/eng/research/pubmed/Current_concepts_in_the_pathophysiology_and_treatment_of_aplastic_anemia_16778145" target="_blank" rel="noopener">ref.1</a>] the bone marrow stops producing new blood cells, which can affect erythrocytes only (red blood cells) or also other types of blood cells, e.g. white blood cells or platelets.

Bone-marrow-and-stem-cells-problem_0_1

Aplastic anemia can be congenital or acquired. If it is congenital patients are at greater risk of developing leukemia (blood cancer), and the acquired is caused by some external stimulus, for example a virus that alters certain immunefunctions (HIV, Epstein-Barr), or toxic substances, medications, radiation.

Bone-marrow-and-stem-cells-problem_0_2

Sickle-cell-anemia

Sickle cell anemia

Sickle-cell-anemia_0_0

This is a genetic disease in which some of the erythrocytes have an irregular sickle shape. These cells live only 10-20 days, while normal erythrocytes live up to 120 days. This leads to a reduced number of normally functioning erythrocytes and, accordingly, to anemia. [<a href="https://www.bioseek.eu/en/eng/research/pubmed/Sickle_cell_disease_21131035" target="_blank" rel="noopener">ref.2</a>]

vitamin b 12 deficiency

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What are autoimmune diseases and how to recognize the most common ones

Which foods boost children's brain development since conception

Gastritis - symptoms, conventional and herbal remedies