The-role-of-metabolism-for-weight-and-weight-loss

The role of metabolism for weight and weight loss

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First, let's look at the term metabolism.&nbsp;

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In other words, it is the energy (measured in kilojoules) that a person consumes over the course of a day, only to maintain the functioning of the body. Maintaining body temperature, breathing, blood circulation, and cell recovery are essential requirements for a functioning body. These processes happen always while we are alive and use a lot of energy that comes from different sources - food, dietary supplements, beverages and others.

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Metabolism is not even one thing, but a series of cellular chemical transformations. The goal of metabolism is to turn food into energy and building blocks for proteins, nucleic acids, lipids and certain carbohydrates, as well as to eliminate waste. The metabolic process covers the digestion and transportation of fuel in the body.

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The process involves both the degradation and construction of substances through a number of metabolic pathways. As the external environment constantly changes, these pathways must be constantly regulated to keep our bodies in homeostasis. This conversation between our environment and metabolic pathways allows our bodies to maintain a relatively stable internal temperature.&nbsp;

Is-"slow-metabolism"-a-myth?

Is "slow metabolism" a myth?

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The main question we put in the topic is can "slow metabolism" be to blame for weight gain? The answer is eloquent: with the exception of certain endocrine diseases such as hypothyroidism or Cushing's syndrome, the answer is absolute no.&nbsp;

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At the heart of weight gain is excessive caloric intake and immobilization, which together with other factors lead to obesity. Health correspondent Julia Belluz gives us a new insight into the myth of slow metabolism, spending a day in one of the planet's thirty metabolic chambers located at the National Institutes of Health Clinical Center. These cameras are the gold standard for understanding metabolism and how individual bodies respond to the calories offered to them. &nbsp;<a href="https://www.vox.com/2018/9/4/17486110/metabolism-diet-fast-weight-loss" target="_blank" data-ref="The myth of the slow metabolism" rel="noopener">[ref. 1]</a>&nbsp;

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Belluz, who also had weight problems, was surprised by the results of her visit to the room: she was perfectly healthy. Along the way, it debunks current myths, such as the fact that brown fat won't help you lose weight, the keto diet is not a sustainable solution for weight control, and, perhaps most importantly, your metabolism is not likely to cause obesity.

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After visiting the camera, it also becomes clear that while some people have a "slow metabolism" compared to other people of similar weight and age, this is not the main cause of obesity. And despite the focus on "increasing metabolism" for weight loss, there is nothing that can be bought with money that will speed up metabolism and lead to significant weight loss.

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Another common reason for "slow metabolism" to be blamed for weight gain is the perception that an overweight person eats very little and still gains weight. But research has shown that people tend to eat more than they think, and generally report eating less food than they actually do when their weight grows. <a href="https://academic.oup.com/ajcn/article/79/5/795/4690189" target="_blank" data-ref="Psychosocial predictors of energy underreporting in a large doubly labeled water study" rel="noopener">[ref. 2]</a>&nbsp;

Psychosocial predictors of energy underreporting in a large doubly labeled water study

Apples are a popular fruit, available in many colors and varieties. These delicious fruits contain antioxidants, vitamins, dietary fiber and a number of other nutrients beneficial for health. Due to its diverse nutrient content, apples can help improve health in several ways, which we will comment on in the article.

Impressive Health Benefits of Apples

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Cauliflower is an extremely healthy vegetable, which is a great source of nutrients. It provides unique plant compounds that can reduce the risk of several diseases, including heart disease and cancer. It is also suitable for weight loss and can be prepared in countless ways. We have recipe ideas, but before that we will introduce you to the benefits of this beautiful vegetable. 

The Great Health Benefits Of Cauliflower + Recipes 

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When a topic of conversation is healthy fats, olive oil is usually the first association that comes to mind. But for both cooking and cosmetic applications, a place is saved for coconut oil, and today we will talk about it. With anti-inflammatory and antibacterial effect, coconut oil turns out not just another trend in healthy eating, but a real superfood with an interesting composition. How you can use it in culinary, face and body care and other purposes, you will learn from the article.

Coconut oil - Composition and Proven Benefits of this Superfood

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Fruits and vegetables are an essential part of the nutritious diet and are suitable for consumption in any diet. They contain vitamins, minerals, fiber and other nutrients, on the basis of which the body builds its tissues, immunity, strength and health. Raw, stewed, roasted, even canned, fruits can be eaten in countless ways. They are especially useful for weight loss, as fruits are usually poor in calories, rich in water and antioxidants that promote detoxification and weight maintenance. 

11 Best Fruits for Weight Loss [Part 2]

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Fasting is becoming more and more popular among different groups of people – from active sports to obese people. The reason is that fasting, also known as intermittent fasting, has noticeable benefits both on our appearance and on our health. Its impact on diseases such as diabetes, dementia and cardiovascular disease is the subject of increased scientific interest and research.

Are there really benefits of fasting 

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All of us know that fruits and vegetables are among the most useful foods that have a place in any diet. Fruits are a great and ready to eat breakfast full of vitamins, fiber and other nutrients that support healthy living. They can also be eaten as a snack, put in salads and desserts and many more.

The 11 best fruits for weight loss [Part 1]

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Asparagus, officially known by the Latin name Asparagus officinalis, is a member of the Liliaceae family. This popular vegetable can be found in a variety of colors, including green, white and purple. It is used in dishes around the world, including frittata, pasta and french fries.

7 Reasons To Eat More Asparagus (Asparagus officinalis)

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Collagen production is one of many things that happen in the human body with a certain rhythm. After the age of 25, however, this rate begins to slow down, and gradually this is evident in the appearance and strength of the skin, nails and hair. Although we do not realize, collagen is ubiquitous - it is also a component of our joints, not only the skin. That's why it's so important! Or maybe we should say "they", because there are over 28 types of collagen known so far! 

Top 6 Health Benefits Of Taking Collagen Supplements

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Obesity is a complex phenomenon that includes multiple factors - socioeconomic status, stress levels, access to affordable healthy food, physical activity, and much more. As long as researchers continue to look for a solution to the obesity epidemic, at least it is clear that prevention is largely in our hands and there is no one-size-fits-all solution.&nbsp;
Surely we should stop using the myth of slow metabolism, which definitely turns out to be a myth, and if we have doubts about problems with it, examine our body for vitamin and mineral deficiencies, hormonal imbalance, load with toxins, and other possible problems. All of them can be at the heart of weight gain.

Is “slow metabolism” really a myth

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Бетина Цветкова

The-role-of-vitamin-D-for-our-health

The role of vitamin D for our health 

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Vitamin D is an essential nutrient for the body that plays a role in bone growth, remodeling and maintaining strong immune function. In addition to controlling calcium and phosphate levels in the body, vitamin D is believed to help regulate various functions in the central nervous system.&nbsp;

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In fact, earlier animal studies have suggested that it may even contribute to the control of chemical balance in the brain, which may somewhat explain the link between vitamin D and mental health.

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Vitamin D deficiency is common and can contribute to the development of osteopenia, osteoporosis and the risk of falling in the elderly. &nbsp;<a href="https://www.herbal-organic.com/bg/disease/42965" target="_blank" data-ref="Vitamin d deficiency" rel="noopener">[ref. 1]</a> Vitamin D deficiency leads in the first place to abnormalities in the metabolism of calcium, phosphorus and bones. In particular, it causes a decrease in the effectiveness of intestinal calcium and the absorption of phosphorus from dietary sources of calcium and phosphorus, which leads to an increase in levels of parathyroid hormones. &nbsp;<a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4545131/" target="_blank" data-ref="Page not available - PMCTwitterFacebookLinkedInGitHubSM-TwitterSM-FacebookSM-Youtube" rel="noopener">[ref. 2]</a>&nbsp; With secondary hyperparathyroidism, serum calcium can remain within normal limits if the body extracts calcium from the skeleton and loses more phosphorus than the kidneys. In this situation, the risk of osteopenia and osteoporosis is even greater.

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Vitamin deficiency is also seen as a factor in an increased risk of developing depression and impaired cognitive function. According to the neurotrophic hypothesis, immunohistochemical studies have found vitamin D receptors (VDR) in the central nervous system, providing a serious indication that vitamin D plays a significant role in brain functions.&nbsp;

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VDR are found throughout the brain, including the hippocampus, which plays a role in controlling memory and emotional function. Since the hippocampus is vital for the causes of depression, the discovery of VDR in it directed many researchers to analyze the effects of vitamin D on the shape and function of the hippocampus in animals. Numerous studies using in vitro cultivation of hippocampal cells and in vivo experiments on the brains of adult mice have revealed that vitamin D deficiency can change the shape or function of the development of the hippocampus.&nbsp;<a href="https://secure.jbs.elsevierhealth.com/action/cookieAbsent" target="_blank" data-ref="DEFINE_ME" rel="noopener">[Ref. 3]</a>&nbsp;

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A study of 2,716 people from the Netherlands found that those with vitamin D deficiency (serum concentration 30 nmol/L) had reduced brain tissue and hippocampus volume, which is also confirmed by MRI. &nbsp;<a href="https://www.tandfonline.com/action/cookieAbsent" target="_blank" data-ref="" rel="noopener">[Ref. 4]</a>&nbsp;

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What-the-meta-analysis-reveals-about-the-link-between-vitamin-D-and-depression

What the meta-analysis reveals about the link between vitamin D and depression 

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A new meta-analysis from July 2022 covered a total of 53,235 participants from 41 studies, including those with or without depression; people taking vitamin D supplements and people taking placebo, as well as individuals with different physical conditions. &nbsp;<a href="https://www.airitilibrary.com/Publication/alDetailedMesh?DocID=09647058-201912-201912130001-201912130001-689-694" target="_blank" data-ref="Vitamin D and depression: mechanisms, determination and application" rel="noopener">[Ref. 5]</a>&nbsp;

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Although the doses used vary, the average amount of vitamin D participants take is 50-100 micrograms per day. In participants with depression, vitamin D supplements proved more effective than placebo in alleviating symptoms of depression.

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Vitamin D supplements also appear to be most effective in shorter periods of exacerbation of the condition (under 12 weeks), the researchers report. In healthy individuals, however, placebo had a slightly greater impact on symptoms of depression.

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The results showed that supplementation with vitamin D had a beneficial effect in both individuals with major depressive disorder and those with milder, clinically significant depressive symptoms.&nbsp;

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As depression is now recognised as the leading cause of disability worldwide - affecting more than 280 million people each year - and antidepressants are not an effective tool for everyone, more treatment options need to be urgently explored.

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Vitamin D and depression: mechanisms, determination and application

In the high season of colds quite often we hear and see advertisements of products with probiotics. It is quite possible that you have heard them, but what probiotics and prebiotics really are is a very interesting question.

Probiotics and prebiotics: what are the differences?

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Psychedelic research is returning in stages to medical science, with several less well-known drugs seen as possible therapies to treat addiction, depression, anxiety and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). One of these means is DMT, which is the subject of numerous new studies on its potential use in the treatment of depression.

DMT: The strongest psychedelic most people have never heard of

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Miso is a fermented spice, especially popular in parts of Asia, although it also made its way into Western cuisine. Although mso is still too unknown to many, she is present in the famous recipe for Japanese mso soup. As you will see from the article, miso is incredibly nutritious and is associated with various health benefits, including better digestion and a stronger immune system. 

Miso - incredibly tasty and healthy fermented spice

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Snails are mollusks that usually repel humans, but it turns out that they can provide many benefits for us. The Australian sea snail, for example, releases purple mucus that protects its eggs from the bacteria-rich marine environment. This mucus contains a compound that seems extremely effective in preventing colon cancer in mice. 

Sea snail mucus goo could prevent colorectal cancer, study says

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Figs are unique fruits medium in size and filled with hundreds of small seeds. They have an edible purple or green crust. The meat of the fruit is pink and has a soft, sweet taste. The scientific name of the fig is Ficus carica.

Figs - The Fruits of Long Life and Health

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Pickle juice is the liquid used to turn cucumbers into fermented cucumbers and then - to preserve them. It usually contains water, salt, vinegar and calcium chloride, as well as spices or flavors for specific types of pickles. Dill, sweets or other flavorings can be used according to the taste of the master.

Pickle juice - cause or cure for a heartburn  

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Miso is a fermented spice, especially popular in parts of Asia, although it also made its way into Western cuisine. Although miso is still too unknown to many, she is present in the famous recipe for Japanese miso soup. As you will see from the article, miso is incredibly nutritious and is associated with various health benefits, including better digestion and a stronger immune system. 

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While the data may be interesting to scientists, they are still not enough to prove that low levels of vitamin D cause depression or that supplements are an effective remedy. Previous research has also found conflicting opinions about the influence of the sunny vitamin on cognitive health and its relationship to depression.
Although a meta-analysis like this is useful in comparing the results of a large number of people, the different approaches and factors in each individual study make it more difficult to draw general conclusions. It is necessary to study more thoroughly and with more precise methods what are the relationships and mechanisms, if any, between vitamin D and depressive conditions.

Vitamin D shown to alleviate symptoms of depression according to experts

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What-is-Parkinson's-disease?

What is Parkinson's disease? 

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Parkinson's disease is a disorder of the nervous system. It is the result of damage to nerve cells that produce dopamine - a chemical that is vital for smooth muscle control and movement.

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Parkinson's disease mainly affects people over the age of 65, but can also manifest itself at an earlier age. Although this condition is best known for the way it affects muscle control, balance and movement, it can also cause a wide range of other effects on the senses, mental abilities, mental health and others. &nbsp;<a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK470193/" target="_blank" data-ref="Page not available - NCBI BookshelfTwitterFacebookLinkedInGitHubNCBI Insights BlogTwitterFacebookYoutube" rel="noopener">[ref. 1]</a>&nbsp;

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Parkinson's disease is very common in general and ranks second among age-related degenerative brain diseases. It is also the most common motor (motion-related) brain disease. Experts estimate it affects at least 1% of people over 60 worldwide.&nbsp;

What-are-the-symptoms-of-Parkinson's-disease?

What are the symptoms of Parkinson's disease?

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The most known symptoms of Parkinson's disease include loss of muscle control. However, experts already know that muscle control problems are not the only possible symptoms of Parkinson's disease.

Motor-symptoms

Motor symptoms

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Motor symptoms include the following:

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<ul><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Delayed movements (bradykinesia).</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Muscle tremor at rest.</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Hardness or stiffness when moving.</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Unstable posture or gait disturbances.</li></ul>

Non-motor-symptoms

Non-motor symptoms 

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Several symptoms are possible, which are not associated with movement and muscle control. In past years, experts believed that non-motor symptoms are risk factors for this disease when observed before motor symptoms. There is growing evidence that these symptoms can occur in the earliest stages of the disease.

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Non-motor symptoms can be:

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<ul><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Symptoms of the autonomic nervous system. These include orthostatic hypotension (low blood pressure when standing up), constipation and gastrointestinal problems.</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Depression.</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Loss of sense of smell (anosmia)</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Sleep problems.</li></ul>

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What's-causing-the-condition?

What's causing the condition? 

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Although there are several recognised risk factors for Parkinson's disease, such as exposure to pesticides, so far the only confirmed causes of Parkinson's disease are genetic. &nbsp;<a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK536722/" target="_blank" data-ref="Page not available - NCBI BookshelfTwitterFacebookLinkedInGitHubNCBI Insights BlogTwitterFacebookYoutube" rel="noopener">[Ref. 2]</a>&nbsp;

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Genetics is the basis of about 10 to 15% of all Parkinson's diseases. Over the years, scientists have examined DNA from people with Parkinson's, comparing their genes. They found dozens of gene mutations associated with Parkinson's disease. &nbsp;<a href="https://www.parkinson.org/understanding-parkinsons/causes" target="_blank" data-ref="Causes" rel="noopener">[ref. 3]</a>&nbsp;

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These mutations are detailed in PD GENEration: Mapping the Future of Parkinson's Disease. &nbsp;<a href="https://www.parkinson.org/advancing-research/our-research/pdgeneration" target="_blank" data-ref="PD GENEration: Mapping the Future of Parkinson's Disease" rel="noopener">[Ref. 4]</a>&nbsp;This is the first-ever national initiative in the United States that offers free genetic testing for clinically relevant genes associated with Parkinson's disease and free genetic counseling to help participants better understand their results. The PD GENEration test identifies variants in seven genes associated with Parkinson's disease, which include:&nbsp;

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<ul><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">GBA</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">LRRK2</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">PRKN</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">SNCA</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">PINK1</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">PARK7</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">VPS35.</li></ul>When Parkinson's disease is not genetic, experts classify it as "idiopathic" (this term comes from Greek and means "for an unknown reason").&nbsp;

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Many conditions look like Parkinson's disease, but instead are parkinsonism (which refers to conditions similar to Parkinson's disease) for a specific reason, such as some psychiatric drugs.&nbsp;

How-is-Parkinson's-disease-diagnosed?

How is Parkinson's disease diagnosed?

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Diagnosing the disease is primarily a clinical process, which means it depends largely on health professionals who examine symptoms, ask questions and review medical history.&nbsp;

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It is possible to conduct some diagnostic and laboratory tests such as:

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<ul><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Blood tests (they may help to exclude other forms of parkinsonism).</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Computed tomography (CT).</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Genetic testing.</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Positron emission tomography (PET).</li></ul>

How-is-Parkinson's-disease-treated?

How is Parkinson's disease treated?

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So far, Parkinson's disease is not treatable, but there are many ways to deal with symptoms. Treatments can also vary depending on a person's specific symptoms and how they respond to treatment. Medications are the main way to treat this condition.

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A secondary treatment option is surgery to implant a device that will deliver an electric current to a part of the brain. There are also some experimental options, such as stem cell-based treatments, but their accessibility varies and many are not an option for people with Parkinson's disease.

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PD GENEration: Mapping the Future of Parkinson's Disease

Hormonal changes, morning nausea, back pain, altered skin and hair, headache, indigestion - these are just some of the problems women may face during pregnancy. Of course, these symptoms may not be present in any future birth, but with all the changes happening in the body, it is very possible to have them. 

Myths about postpartum recovery debunked by physiotherapist [Part 2]

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Thyme is an herb from the Мint family (Mentha), which is probably also present in your kitchen as a spice. In fact, thyme is one of the most popular herbs in bulgaria and is distinguished by a wonderful aroma that is difficult to mistake.

12 Health Benefits of Thyme - Part 1

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Maintaining good hydration is extremely important to protect your organs and is also one of the secrets to healthy beautiful skin. Drinking the recommended eight or nine glasses of water a day is a good starting point, but the right amount of water is determined by the weight, gender and other factors. Either way, water is vital for everyone and sometimes we get tired of drinking it just like that. Therefore, there are teas, energy drinks, smoothies, fresh juices and other ways to get water and nutrients. Prune juice can also be useful for that. Find out how in our new article.

How To Use Prune Juice to Fight Constipation

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It may sound amazing, but new research suggests that banana consumption can improve heart health. This effect is associated with the potassium content in bananas in the first place.

Banana - a friend of the heart and women's health

Nature walks are one of the most pleasant ways to take care of health and good physical shape. Our emotional and mental health also depends on how much physical activity we have. However, one of the main problems is whether we know about the influence of the sun on the skin in any season, not only in the summer.

Sunburn on a cloudy day - quite possible 

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Iron is an important element for all life forms, as the average person has about 4 grams of iron in his body. Iron is also an essential component of hemoglobin, a type of protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen from the lungs to all parts of the body. Without enough iron, there are not enough red blood cells to transport oxygen, which leads to fatigue. 

Twelve healthy foods high in iron [Part 2]

Peaches are a fruit believed to have originated in China more than 8,000 years ago. They're from the same family with almonds, cherries, apricots and plums. Peaches are known for having a fleshy part that surrounds a shell containing edible seeds. White peaches are usually sweeter, and yellow peaches are more acidic in taste. One of the good things about peaches is that they can be eaten raw, baked and even grilled. And even better, they have many health benefits.

10 Surprising Health Benefits of Peaches (Prunus persica) - Part 2

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Parkinson's disease occurs for genetic reasons or unpredictable. None of them can be prevented, and also you can not reduce the risk of its development. However, there are methods to alleviate and control symptoms, and the scientific community is exploring other possible treatments that could help with Parkinson's disease.

Symptoms and causes of developing Parkinson's disease

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What-is-Hashimoto's-thyroiditis

What is Hashimoto's thyroiditis 

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Hashimoto's disease is an autoimmune disease affecting the thyroid gland. The thyroid gland is a small butterfly-shaped gland located at the base of the neck. The thyroid gland produces hormones that help regulate many functions in the body associated with maintaining temperature, reproductive functions, sleep, recovery and much more.

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Autoimmune disorder is a disease caused by the immune system that attacks its own healthy tissues. In Hashimoto's disease, cells of the immune system lead to the death of cells producing thyroid hormones. The disease usually leads to a decrease in the production of hormones - a state of hypothyroidism.

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Hashimoto (named after the Japanese surgeon who discovered it in 1912) is the most common thyroid disease in the United States, affecting about 1% to 2% of the population, and is the most common cause of hypothyroidism (inactive thyroid).&nbsp;<a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK459262/" target="_blank" data-ref="Page not available - NCBI BookshelfTwitterFacebookLinkedInGitHubNCBI Insights BlogTwitterFacebookYoutube" rel="noopener">[ref. 1] Current</a>&nbsp; statistics of the patient organization VIOM – Association of People Who Suffer From Thyroid Diseases shows, that in Bulgaria over 600 000 Bulgarians suffer from impaired thyroid function and there are over 1 million people who suffer from Hashimoto thyroiditis. &nbsp;<a href="https://www.portalnapacienta.bg/2019/04/09/%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F-%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0-%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5-%D0%BE%D1%82-%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5/" target="_blank" data-ref="Мария Силяновска: Засегнатите от болести на щитовидната жлеза се нуждаят от достоверна и достъпна информация" rel="noopener">[ref. 2]</a>&nbsp;These numbers are not small against the background of the population and raise the question of what efforts are being made to improve the quality of life of these people and their timely diagnosis and treatment.

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When the thyroid gland is attacked by the immune system, as happens with Hashimoto's thyroids, it can no longer produce enough hormones needed by the body to function properly. Then we are talking about decreased thyroid function. Since thyroid hormones regulate metabolism, allowing the body to convert food into energy, the lack of these hormones leads to problems with energy provision. This accordingly results in a delay in other life functions of the body.

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Symptoms of Hashimoto thyroiditis 

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Many people with Hashimoto's thyroiditis live for years without any symptoms. If there are symptoms, they may be associated with one (or both) of the two main complications of Hashimoto: goiter and hypothyroidism.

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Symptoms of goiter include swelling of the thyroid gland, which can lead to a feeling of bulge in the throat. The front of the neck may look enlarged. Since the goiter can grow, it puts increased pressure on the lower part of the neck and can cause difficulty swallowing and even breathing.

It is quite possible that even at normal levels of thyroid hormones, a person suffers from hashimoto's goiter or Thyroiditis. Therefore, with the available symptoms, it is important to proceed to diagnosis with the necessary studies of hormones, antibodies and others.&nbsp; Also, not everyone with Hashimoto's disease develops hypothyroidism. Since antibody levels corresponding to Hashimoto carry a higher risk of developing hypothyroidism, health professionals usually choose to monitor the condition and monitor for any changes in thyroid health. Fortunately, the condition can be treated and the symptoms kept under control, and hormones normalize.&nbsp;

Diseases conditions and symptoms