Let's-get-away-from-technology

Let's get away from technology 

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It may seem like the most obvious thing, but how many of us are ready to go on vacation as their parents have walked - without a phone, laptop or tablet? And that doesn't mean excluding just social media, but all the other amenities that technology offers - like navigation, for example.&nbsp;

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It&nbsp;turns out that disconnecting from technology is harder than it seems. We are so used to the convenience they offer us that we start to feel uncomfortable if we can't check exactly when the next bus is or which restaurant in the area has the best rating. It is the emotional aspect of such a "technological detox" that is studied in a study published in the Journal of Travel Research&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/0047287519868314?journalCode=jtrb" target="_blank" data-ref="Just a moment..." rel="noopener">[ref. 1]</a>.&nbsp;

Vacation-without-a-phone---is-it-possible

Vacation without a phone - is it possible

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The study is based on the concept that a person interacts with the technology, and that detachment from it leads to an emotional response, which is related to the lack of a facility that it would offer it. For example, we can say this: "Using Google maps to navigate gives me a sense of security when I get lost." This, broken down by the authors' concept, can be understood as this: "Using Google maps (technology) to navigate (ease) gives me (the person's) sense of security (emotional response) when I get lost."

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The researchers selected 24 participants, each of whom was a regular user of digital technologies. The requirements for them are only to be willing to take a "technology-free" journey in which they do not use a phone, computer, tablet, navigation or even an audio player - generally to spend time without any screens, as well as to keep a diary of emotions before and after exclusion from the tech world. There are also no restrictions on destinations and are on a voluntary basis.

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So, the analysis of the data obtained from the diaries and additional interviews with some of the participants reveals emotions such as anxiety and frustration before the very exclusion from technology and at the beginning of this experience. Some share concerns about how they will navigate a new place without having the help of navigation. Others are concerned about the lack of contact with their loved ones and families and that they will not understand if an emergency occurs at home or that they may fall into a dangerous situation and will not be able to seek help. For others, digital technology is a means of avoiding boredom at times, such as the time before falling asleep or waiting for the bus.

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Despite the inconveniences and dependence that participants have built on technology, most of them share the peace of mind that occurs after the initial shock of the change. Being disconnected from the constant information flow pouring into us through social media and phones, many feel a sense of release and lightening. This "technological detoxification" has helped them realize the amount of new information they are forced to take on daily and the break from it is proving particularly refreshing. Also, the lack of technology has encouraged participants to communicate more with the people who actually surround them, to get to know the locals and to spend more and more time with the people with whom they have gone on this journey.&nbsp;

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Another interesting result of this study is that negative and positive emotions from detachment from the technological world appear at different times. In some people, separation becomes very easy, and in others there is a longer period of adaptation to this reality and even symptoms of "quitting".&nbsp;

While the study has its drawbacks, such as the small number of participants, or the fact that disconnecting from technology for some of them lasts too short, it draws our attention to the real things in life that we sometimes forget because we are overwhelmed by the information we receive all the time. In many cases it makes it easier for us and provides us with undoubted amenities, but do we not miss the opportunities for rest and a full experience at some points? Instead of looking for the perfect filter on instagram, isn't it better to enjoy the atmosphere of the new place or the company of our friends with whom we share the trip?

Vacation without a phone

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Силвия Маринова

What-is-an-anxiety-disorder

What is an anxiety disorder

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Anxiety disorder is among the most common diseases associated with our mental health. The condition is characterized by constant and strong anxiety about various things of everyday life, and usually it looks excessive and can not be controlled by the suffering person.&nbsp;

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In the U.S. alone, different types of anxiety disorder affect about 40 million of the population over the age of 18, or as many as 18.1% &nbsp;<a href="https://adaa.org/understanding-anxiety/facts-statistics" target="_blank" data-ref="Facts &amp; Statistics | Anxiety and Depression Association of America, ADAA" rel="noopener">[ref. 1]</a>&nbsp;Recently, more and more studies have reported an alarming rate of increase in the incidence of these diseases, especially among young adults and teenagers, who are increasingly reporting anxiety and other conditions such as depression.

Are-young-people-becoming-more-anxious

Are young people becoming more anxious 

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The subject of this article is a specific study that focuses precisely on the problem of increasing cases of anxiety among the younger population. It covers the period between 2008 and 2018 and tracks the trend of anxiety in young Americans between the ages of 18 and 25. In addition, the purpose of the study is also to gather data on whether certain sociodemographic groups are more prone to developing this condition.&nbsp;

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The study was published in the journal Journal of Psychiatry Research &nbsp;<a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022395620309250" target="_blank" data-ref="Trends in anxiety among adults in the United States, 2008&ndash;2018: Rapid increases among young adults" rel="noopener">[ref. 2]</a> .The data analyzed were obtained from the National Survey on Drug Use and Health and are the result of a questionnaire designed to measure anxiety in the last 30 days before completing it. In other words, participants report how they feel by answering the question "How often have you felt nervous in the last month" with one of five pre-set options. Participants were then categorized into different groups according to gender, age, marital status, education level, annual income, and racial background.

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The results showed that the overall anxiety rate rose from 5.12% to 6.68% over the period from 2008. Interestingly, the most serious trend is seen to be a rise in the percentage of participants categorised as alarming in the age range between 18 and 25 years, with the rate almost doubled (from 7.97% in 2008 to 14.66% in 2018). &nbsp;

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Some of the other categories of study participants analysed observed the following trends:&nbsp;

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<ul><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Anxiety has increased in both men and women, but by roughly the same percentage;</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Low-income adults (under $20,000 a year) show higher anxiety;</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Singles are also more anxious by about 4% as opposed to married people;</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">The comparison by level of education showed that the slightest increase in anxiety was observed in the group that did not complete their high school education.&nbsp;</li></ul>Overall, the study confirmed that there was a significant increase in anxiety among the young, especially those between the ages of 18 and 25. It does not, however, focus on the causes of this worrying trend.

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Still, the authors point to stress and the constant use of social media as probable triggers, but also other factors such as financial situation, support from loved ones and isolation. The latter is particularly relevant in the situation of a global pandemic of Covid-19. They also comment that during these years of people's lives are key to unlocking certain mental health-related diseases. Moreover, anxiety and stress have been shown to alter brain development, which does not end until the age of 25. Also anxiety is considered a precursor to developing other more serious mental illnesses such as depression.

Facts & Statistics | Anxiety and Depression Association of America, ADAA

Trends in anxiety among adults in the United States, 2008–2018: Rapid increases among young adults

 Not everyone has heard of chicory, but it is certain that almost everyone has seen it, even though they did not recognize it. It grows like weed in all parts of Bulgaria and is also called blue bile. It has a characteristic pale blue color and belongs to the family of sunflower and dandelion. Most of all, its root is of strong interest due to its high fiber content such as inulin and its many health benefits. From it is even made decaf alternative of coffee with a very similar taste.

Chicory - 6 benefits of the fiber-rich root

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"Mad" honey is an interesting name and even more interesting is the reason why that honey is named so. If you want to find out why it was given such a name, where you can find mad honey and whether there is a medical or other use for it, read this article.

Mad honey – what is the rare hallucinogen of antiquity known for?

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We have all been interested in ways to lose weight – whether it would be with just a diet, workouts or combined, we have studied which method of all would be the easiest, most durable, the fastest. One of the most famous methods of losing weight is intermittent fasting or intermittent energy limitation. This method is initially known for not having to restrict the types of food we eat, only the time we eat in. However, scientists became intrigued, began to study the effects of this "diet" on the body and brain and found many interesting and beneficial effects on the body, which are also essential for the brain. This changes the fame of intermittent fasting from a "way of losing weight" to a "way to improve quality of life."

Does intermittent fasting affect the brain?

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American scientists at the University of Pennsylvania succeeded to achieve a lasting improvement in vision with a single injection of RNA therapy targeting Leber's congenital amaurosis disease.

Long-term treatment of a genetic form of blindness 

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What is different about the new strain of coronavirus - Omicron and why is it advisable to get vaccinated, despite the concerns of scientists - read here. 

Should we get vaccinated in the light of the new SARS-CoV-2 strain, Omicron?

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Researchers from the Oregon State University conducted a study that could be pivotal to a new type 2 diabetes treatment and prevention.

Probiotics and type 2 diabetes

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There are 14,480 new cases of cervical cancer expected in the states in 2021, according to the American Cancer Society (1). Any woman can be affected by this disease. Fortunately, there are methods that can prevent the appearance of cervical cancer. One such method is the vaccine against human papilloma virus (HPV). 

How can the HPV vaccine protect us from cervical cancer?

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Depression is highly familiar to most of us. Standard methods of treatment do not always provide a good outcome for patients. Fortunately, another method, such as the use of psychotropic mushrooms, shows great potential in therapies with patients. How do they help to cope with depression, why are they better than other methods, and are there negative aspects to their use specifically for the treatment of depression? Read here.

Psilocybin – the magic ingredient against depression

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Therefore, it is necessary to focus resources on reducing anxiety among the young population, as well as increasing access to clinical diagnosis and treatment.

Why young people are becoming more anxious

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How-much-does-an-unhealthy-environment-cost

How much does an unhealthy environment cost

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&nbsp;&nbsp;Interestingly, ignoring the mental health of workers is not just written on their account and that of their families, but also on the profits of companies.&nbsp;Indeed, according to a study by the World Health Organization, anxiety and depression alone cost about $ 1 trillion in lost productivity of the world economy&nbsp;<a href="https://www.who.int/teams/mental-health-and-substance-use/promotion-prevention/mental-health-in-the-workplace" target="_blank" data-ref="Mental health in the workplace" rel="noopener">[ref. 1]</a>&nbsp;. That's a pretty big sum, isn't it? And therefore a problem.

Risk-factors-at-work

Risk factors at work

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There are many factors that can contribute to an unhealthy working environment and lead to mental health problems or burnout.

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Read more in <a href="../../p/kakvo_ie_brnaut_i_5_nachina_da_sie_spravim_s_niegho_34ec30af_e103_45f4_8268_57d58a7deb99" target="_blank" rel="noopener"> What's a Burnout and 5 Ways to Deal With It</a>

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Some of these factors include:

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<ul><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">poor communication between employees and managers;</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">low level of support to employees;</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">misallocation of tasks relative to staff capacity;</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">poor organisation and management;</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">lack of sufficient resources;</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">too high workload and setting tasks that are not related to the position;</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">lack of flexible working hours, etc.</li></ul>In general, we can summarize that most problems in the workplace stem from poor communication and therefore lack of organization of the work process. For example, an employee may be given a task that has the capacity to complete but does not have the resources to do so.

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3-ideas-for-employers-on-how-to-improve-the-working-environment

3 ideas for employers on how to improve the working environment 

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Introduction of a program to track and help the mental health of employees

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The introduction of a program to track the mental health of employees is an example of good work practice.

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Often, companies' budgets are aimed at solving pre-existing health problems in some workers, but this is far from enough. A better strategy is to create a practice for tracking and preventing such conditions.

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For example, companies could encourage employees to take part in periodic anonymous questionnaires to help them assess the general condition of their team.

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It is also good practice to encourage discussions on mental health. This can be done by organising workshops. Another option is simply to allow employees to talk to a specialist psychologist if they need it.

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Set working limits

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It is extremely important to set criteria that turn the culture of the company into a positive aspect that addresses the needs of its employees. Usually this includes simple things such as:

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<ul><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Introducing options that would allow employees to prioritize their health such as flexible working hours, working from home or paid days of mental health leave.</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Encouraging working boundaries. For example, don't reply to emails on weekends or on vacation</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Promoting productive breaks. A few short breaks during the day can make the working day much more pleasant, as well as stimulate teamwork and communication between employees.</li></ul>&nbsp;

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Training of managers

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It is important for employees to be aware that it is in company policy to take care of their mental health and who to turn to for help if they need it.

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Managers can come to the rescue here.

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They play a key role when it comes to identifying the problems that employees face. This is because they have constant daily contact with their team, are aware of the tasks, qualities and vulnerabilities of each employee and have the ability to make changes in the work process if necessary.

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A study published in a well-known journal of psychiatry shows that the introduction of a 6-month training program to help managers deal with problems with their team members has led to an 18% reduction in hospital stays<a href="https://secure.jbs.elsevierhealth.com/action/cookieAbsent" target="_blank" data-ref="DEFINE_ME" rel="noopener"> [ref. 2]</a>.

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Such programs should focus on:

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<ul><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">How mental health affects productivity</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Recognizing signs of mental health problems in employees</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Having a free conversation about these issues</li></ul>

In conclusion, we can say that a healthy work environment is of great importance and that there are a number of ways that employers can implement to improve the mental health of their employees.&nbsp;
&nbsp;

Creating Healthy Workplace

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Author: Ivelina Yankova, Bachelor of Biomedical Sciences

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Why-does-the-new-coronavirus-strain,-Omicron,-raise-everyone's-concerns?

Why does the new coronavirus strain, Omicron, raise everyone's concerns?

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On November 9, 2021, a person positive for SARS-CoV-2 was registered in South Africa. "Nothing new" you are probably telling yourself. On November 25, it was established that in fact this person had been infected with a new strain of SARS-CoV-2 – B.1.1.529, later called Omicron. This new strain was first isolated at Botswana's Harvard H.I.V. Reference Laboratory in Gaborone. Since then, the virus has spread and continues to spread steadily, little by little reaching different parts of the world. Just two or three weeks later, on November 26, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared Omicron a "variant of concern" - a term of the most serious category that the WHO uses only when the strain in mind has global public health significance (1).

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Scientists have discovered more than 30 mutations in the spike protein gene (S) alone and over 50 in total in the virus genome (2). Mutations in the S protein are the most disturbing ones because it is the means of the virus by which it manages to enter our cells. Once inside, the virus takes away the cells' replication control and forces them to make copies. Thus, the virus ensures the production of a sufficient amount of copies, which eventually causes the appearance of symptoms in people. Due to the large number of mutations, it is believed that Omicron will be able to enter the cells faster and therefore multiply faster.

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Mutations in the S gene are not a new event we face (other variants, such as Delta, also have S-gene mutations) and they are not the cause of surprise in scientists. What is surprising is the number of mutations. In order to collect so many mutations in one place, the virus must have had time to acquire them. Therefore, scientists believe that the strain was born in the body of a person with immunodeficiency disease, where the immune response teams are very few and very weak and have allowed the virus to play with its genes before they could kill it. Because of that, it is very important that people with immunodeficiency disease take proper security measures and are monitored and tested as needed.

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Despite the large number of mutations in the specific gene of the virus, they are not enough on their own to proclaim Omicron a "variant of concern". What is needed and unfortunately available in this case is a specific place of mutation to make the virus more dangerous. In Omicron's case, scientists believe the virus will be more easily transmitted from person to person. In combination with the large number of mutations in the S gene, this strain may be able to avoid antibodies that some people have already built from another strain or from a vaccine.

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Every day scientists around the world work to understand the epidemiology, degree of contagion and danger of Omicron.

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What's-the-point-of-antibodies?

What's the point of antibodies?

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The way antibodies work is by recognizing specific particles of the virus.

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When the virus first enters our organism, it is detected by specific immune cells that lead to the degradation of the virus to small particles. These cells, called dendritic cells, snatch different particles from the degraded virus (hooking them to their receptors so that all other cells can see them) and carry them to the lymph nodes. There, another type of cells (T cells) are activated and they then go to activate the B cells that are responsible for producing antibodies. This process is long and takes several days for the antibodies to develop after an initial encounter with the infection, and usually a person has developed symptoms by then.

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If a person has already encountered the virus, when they re-encounter it, the memory cells (these store the data of each infection that a person has had) react immediately and the antibodies are produced much faster, ensuring security for human health. The job of the vaccine is to create these antibodies without the need for disease, and when meeting the virus, the body reacts as if it had already encountered it, therefore clearing the invader quickly before getting sick.

Should-we-get-vaccinated-in-the-light-of-the-new-strain-–-Omicron?

Should we get vaccinated in the light of the new strain – Omicron?

Should-we-get-vaccinated-in-the-light-of-the-new-strain-–-Omicron?_2_0

Despite doubts that Omicron may be able to avoid the effect of antibodies that some of us have built so hard, scientists are advising people to get vaccinated. Why:

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<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">
At least some of the antibodies will be able to do their job.
</li>
</ul>

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Omicron has many mutations in the S gene, which gives information on how to build the spike protein (this protein represents the characteristic spikes on the surface of coronavirus-class viruses). When the virus enters our organism, it binds, through the spike protein, to our receptors on the surface of our cells and thus enters them and begins to multiply.

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Similarly, the antibodies we have built from the vaccine bind to the spike protein to neutralize it. Since the mechanism of binding of antibodies and receptors to the virus is the same, if the antibodies cannot bind to the spike protein of the virus, then the virus will not be able to bind to the receptors of our cells to ensure access to their inside.

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Since we don't know about another way in which SARS-CoV-2 gives itself access to the inside of our cells, this suggests that the virus, even containing many mutations, manages to bind to the receptors and enter our cells. This shows that the virus has been altered just as much as to provide new advantages over old strains (faster multiplication, faster infection between humans), but retaining the necessary genes to enter the cells.

Should-we-get-vaccinated-in-the-light-of-the-new-strain-–-Omicron?_2_5

Therefore, the antibodies we have will also be able to bind to the virus, leading to its destruction. What is possible is that some of the antibodies may not be able to bind to the spike protein. That is why it is even more advisable to vaccinate - by increasing the number of antibodies, we will also increase the number of these antibodies that can bind to the new strain of the virus.

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Cells that produce the antibodies can change their settings and start generating different antibodies
</li>
</ul>

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B cells in the blood are the ones that produce the antibodies. If they produce one type of antibody and then in the next minute T cells signal an invader they have not seen before, then B cells can immediately change their settings and start generating another type of antibodies that are specific to the new virus. Since, as I mentioned earlier, it takes a few days to produce the new antibodies, it is good to have some of the old ones, which will certainly delay the initial reproduction of the virus and thus provide a shorter period of illness and milder symptoms.

What-is-sterilizing-immunity?

What is sterilizing immunity?

What-is-sterilizing-immunity?_3_0

The work of vaccines is just that – to create sterilizing immunity. This is when the virus is neutralized even before it has the opportunity to enter our cells. Soldiers who fight the virus in the extracellular space are the antibodies we have built up thanks to vaccines. About 50-75 % of COVID19 vaccines achieve this effect, and with Omicron, the expectation is that these rates will drop (3). This is another reason why it is advisable to vaccinate – to allow more antibodies to fight the virus and neutralize it in a timely manner before it begins to multiply – to give our body a chance to create sterilizing immunity.

What-is-sterilizing-immunity?_3_1

Zimmer, C., (2021). New Virus Variant Stokes Concern but Vaccines Still Likely to Work. New York Times.

Mandavilli, A., (2021). Omicron carries scary mutations. That doesn't mean they work well together. New York Times.

Bubb, E., (2021). Coronavirus (COVID-19) Infection Survey Technical Article: Impact of vaccination on testing positive in the UK: October 2021. Office for National Statistics.

Fenchol is an aromatic compound that is found in abundance in basil leaves. In addition to giving it a specific and well-known aroma, it turns out that it can help reduce the pathologies caused by Alzheimer's disease.

Basil in the fight against Alzheimer's disease

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Irritable bowel syndrome is a functional disorder of the digestive system characterized by  symptoms such as pain and bloating. They often occur as a result of food intake, but the reason for this remains largely unclear. In this article, we look at a new and unusual idea that suggests that the explanation lies in a local intestinal immune response.

A Local Immune Reaction May Cause Irritable Bowel Syndrome

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Silymarin has been used as a healing agent since ancient times. How its healing properties are manifested in the organism and what they are, you can find out in this article.

Silymarin - a well-known ancient herb - for the benefits in humans and animals

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Gin hides its origin not as a summer drink, but as a healing agent in the arsenal of traditional medicine.

Healing Properties of Juniper - The Secret of Gin 

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Summer aroma and ice cold taste - probably the mastic on the beach is the most common association of most of us when it comes to anise. But this plant turns out to be something more - a useful herb with many qualities that are used for medicinal purposes.

Anise - The Summer Taste of an Ancient Herb

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In this article you will find recipes from Russian folk medicine for dealing with hyperpigmentation, wrinkles, psoriasis and hyperhidrosis.

Easy Recipes From Russian Folk Medicine For The Treatment Of Skin Diseases. Part 3: Hyperpigmentation, Wrinkles, Psoriasis, Hyperhidrosis

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In this article you will find information about the most important things you need to know about stroke - types, symptoms, what to do if stroke happens, as well as innovative ways of rehabilitation and recovery even years after a stroke.

New Approaches To Stroke Rehabilitation

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Smoketree is a well-known gift from nature, which is distinguished by its powerful antibacterial and antioxidant properties.

Smoketree - a natural antiseptic

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 Should we get vaccinated in the light of the new SARS-CoV-2 strain,

Ивелина Янкова

Author: Ivelina Yankova, Bachelor of Biomedical Sciences

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