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Author: Sylvia Marinova, PhD student in in the "Genomic Stability" lab at BAS

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While allergies are often defined as the "epidemic of the 21st century", they are definitely not new to humanity. It is likely that under certain circumstances our immune systems have always reacted to simple stimuli, leading to the appearance of typical symptoms such as skin irritations, sneezing, runny nose, red and tearful eyes, shortness of breath, etc. Such reactions are found described in ancient documents from China, Rome, Egypt and Greece. And even if they have existed for a long time, our understanding of them is relatively new and still a very hot topic in research.

What-are-allergies

What are allergies

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An allery is our body reaction to normally harmless substances such as pollen, dust, some foods, latex, insect stings, etc. These substances are perceived by our organism as "foreign" and are called allergens. Therefore, our body attempts to protect itself and fight off the alien invader by triggering a whole sequence of responses.

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Allergens stimulate our body and it produces special IgG antibodies. They in turn bind to immune system cells that store a substance called histamine and give them a signal to release it. Histamine recognises receptors on the surface of cells in affected tissues and binds to them. This leads to an inflammatory process and an increase in blood flow.

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What is the result? Let's say you have an allergy to pollen and spring has come. Your body recognizes pollen as a potentially dangerous foreign agent, and this is where histamine comes to the rescue.&nbsp;It causes the cells in the nose to produce more mucus, which results in increased secretions and nasal congestion. This can make you sneeze or irritate your throat and cause a cough. Here come the antihistamines - drugs that block the action of histamine and help us get rid of unpleasant symptoms. But for them a little later.

History-of-histamine

History of histamine

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We have clarified what histamine is and how it causes all the unpleasant manifestations of allergies. But how did it come to his discovery and understanding of its physiological function?

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As science develops in the 19th century, a series of experiments were also done by some scientists that laid the groundwork for scientific discoveries related to allergic reactions&nbsp; <a href="https://www.bioseek.eu/en/eng/research/pubmed/Histamine_and_the_antiallergic_antihistamines_a_history_of_their_discoveries_10444205" target="_blank" rel="noopener">[ref.1]</a>.

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In 1902, two French scientists studying the action of certain substances known to cause serious reactions in humans showed that the first dose of injecting animals with them was harmless. On the other hand, a second dose of the same injection after a certain period of time leads to a very serious, often fatal reaction. This reaction they called anaphylaxis. Despite this serious progress, they believed that anaphylaxys is triggered by poisons.

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It wasn't until 1904 that scientists realized that the substances that cause allergies were harmless before something made the body recognize them as foreign, and in 1906 the link between hay fever and pollen was found.

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In the same period, the substance histamine was isolated for the first time.&nbsp;Over time, scientists have established many of its functions in different parts of the body, until they conclude that it is a normal part of our bodies. In addition, its role as a mediator of anaphylaxis (excessive reaction of the immune system to an allergen), as well as that in the secretion of gastric juice. All this leads to a growing interest in this compound and in-depth work in search of its antagonist - ostensibly another substance that has the opposite function. These antagonists are called antihistamines.

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A brief history of antihistamines

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The task of searching for antihistamines began to be carried out seriously at the Pasteur Institute in Paris by Daniel Beauvais, who later received the Nobel Prize for pioneering work in this field<a href="https://www.bioseek.eu/en/eng/research/pubmed/Histamine_pharmacology_from_Sir_Henry_Dale_to_the_21st_century_30341770" target="_blank" rel="noopener"> [ref.2]</a>.

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Thus, the first antihistamine approved for human use reached the market in 1944.&nbsp;Although newer and newer antihistamines continue to be synthesized, the mechanism of action remains unknown for some time. This makes scientists wonder what is the effect of both histamine and antihistamines.

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They suggest that it is a receptor that is recognized by histamine and explain the action of antihistamines as molecules that also bind to these receptors and physically inhibit the action of histamine and therefore its action. Because existing antihistamines affected allergies, but not all other histamine functions, they even went further - they suggested that there were several histamine receptors in our bodies. And really - today we know about four histamine receptors.

Antihistamines-for-everything?

Antihistamines for everything?

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Since there are four histamine receptors found , which are located throughout our body and are associated with many physiological functions, it seems antihistamines also have many potential actions. Let's look at the different receptors and how antihistamines work.

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The first open receptor is called H1. It is on it that the first antihistamines obtained have acted. Today we know that it is found in cells throughout our body and is involved in allergic reactions and inflammation.&nbsp; Most instantaneous skin reactions such as itching, erythema, edema are associated with the action of this receptor, as well as sneezing, runny nose, cough . Therefore,these drugs are prescribed both for allergies&nbsp;and colds . H1 is also detected in the brain and it is known that its has stimulating and arousing action there. This also explains the side effects of the first generation of antihistamines that target those receptors and can reach the brain. As a results patients experience drowsiness. That is why the same active ingredient is also sold as a sleeping drug.

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A second generation of antihistamines, such as loratadine, also targets H1 but cannot reach the brain and is therefore sold as a cure for allergic reactions, but without the side effect of drowsiness. Another second-generation drug is famotidine. It is already targeting the next histamine receptor - H2. Activation of this receptor leads to stimulation of the secretion of gastric acid and mucus in the respiratory tract <a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2018.01873/full" target="_blank" rel="noopener">[ref.3]</a> . Since antihistamines against it block these functions, they are also used for the treatment of gastritis and acids.

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The latest discovered receptors are H3 and H4. H3 is found in abundance in nerve cells in the brain. It is important for maintaining energy metabolism, cognitive abilities, sleep, etc. H3 antagonists are used to treat obesity, insomnia, improve cognitive abilities. H4 in turn is found mainly in cells of the immune system, but also in the spleen, mucous membrane of the small intestine, lungs, central nervous system, etc. This type of receptor is involved in complex reactions of the immune system and inflammation. Antihistamines against it are potentially a new treatment for asthma and various allergies.

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In conclusion, we can say that research in the field of histamines and antihistamines is still very relevant and there is a huge scope for development. The more we understand about the functions of different receptors and the connections between them, the more opportunities are opened up.

<a href="https://www.bioseek.eu/en/eng/research/pubmed/Histamine_and_the_antiallergic_antihistamines_a_history_of_their_discoveries_10444205" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Histamine and the antiallergic antihistamines: a history of their discoveries</a>. 2009, Clinical and Experimental Allergy

<a href="https://www.bioseek.eu/en/eng/research/pubmed/Histamine_pharmacology_from_Sir_Henry_Dale_to_the_21st_century_30341770" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Histamine pharmacology: from Sir Henry Dale to the 21st century.</a> 2018,&nbsp; British Journal of Pharmacology

The Role of Histamine and Histamine Receptors in Mast Cell-Mediated Allergy and Inflammation: The Hunt for New Therapeutic Targets, 2018, Front. Immunol.

In the season of the ramson find out what health properties it possesses, how it has been used in the past and how to prepare delicious pesto from wild garlic.

Wild Garlic - The Healing Properties of Ramson. Bonus: Recipe for Delicious Wild Garlic Pesto

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Tea is the second most common drink after water. Tea, which is prepared from the leaves of the Camellia sinensis plant is 3 types: green, oolong and black - depending on the degree of oxidation of the leaves. The most oxidized are the leaves of black tea, not so much of the oolong tea and the leafs of green tea are not oxidized at all.

9 unexpected health benefits of green tea and how to prepare it

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Chillies owe their effect to a compound called capsaicin, which can help control inflammation and other harmful processes in the body associated with the accumulation of fatty plaques in the arteries (atherosclerosis), for example.

Are chili peppers healthy - find out what science has to say

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Studies have suggested that ginseng reduces physical, chemical and biological stress, while increasing overall vitality and immune function, including physical and mental capacity.

8 reasons why the Chinese call ginseng The King of Herbs

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The most common diseases of this organ are viral hepatitis (hepatitis B and C), cirrhosis, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, steatosis, fibrosis, alcoholic liver disease (alcoholic hepatitis), liver cancer, liver failure.

The liver does not hurt. Which are the herbs that can improve its health in the case of hepatitis, steatosis, and cirrhosis

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Silymarin has been used as a healing agent since ancient times. How its healing properties are manifested in the organism and what they are, you can find out in this article.

Silymarin - a well-known ancient herb - for the benefits in humans and animals

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Hops is well known as it is a major raw material in the production of beer. Interest in this plant is growing not only due to the search and creation of beer with new different flavors, but also for discovering and proving new beneficial properties for our health.

Healing Properties of Hops - The Essential Ingredient of Beer

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In recent years omega-3 fatty acids have gained popularity due to their numerous health benefits. They are an important part of lipid metabolism of animals and play a significant role in human health.

Omega-3 fatty acids: health benefits and sources

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Antihistamines - a cure-all?

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 Antihistamines - a cure-all?

Силвия Маринова

Tea tree is a very well-known essential oil, which is usually used because of its strong antifungal properties. Tea Tree (or Melaleuca Alternifolia) is also one of the most widely studied, documented and clinically proven therapeutic essential oils available for use today. Tea tree is one of the oils that have been used in folk medicine for millennia and is one of the strongest antiseptics. The oil is obtained from leaves and branches by steam distillation and is used as complementary therapy in surgery, with various types of burns and dental problems, bronchial congestion, infected wounds and much more.

Origin-and-essence-of-the-tea-tree-(Melaleuca-Alternifolia)

Origin and essence of the tea tree (Melaleuca Alternifolia)

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Melaleuca alternifolia, commonly known as "tea tree", is a type of tree or tall shrub of the Myrtovi family - Myrtaceae. Endemic species for Australia (characteristic ofa certain geographical location), Melaleuca Alternifolia is found in southeastern Queensland and the north coast and adjacent ridges of New South Wales, where it grows along streams and in swampy plains and is often the dominant species, where it can be detected. [ref.1]

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Melaleuca alternifolia has been used as a tool of traditional medicine by Aborigines. These Indigenous Australians crush the tea tree leaves to extract the oil, which is then inhaled to treat cough and cold or applied directly to the skin.

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In fact, the plant did not get the name "tea tree" until 1770, when the name was given by British explorer Captain James Cook and his crew. Although Cook's crew first used the tea leaves, he later mixed them with spruce leaves like beer. The medicinal properties of the plant remained a secret to Australian Aborigines until the early 1920s, when the chemist from Sydney, Australia, Dr Arthur Penfold, examined its antiseptic properties. A short time later, Penfold published "Australian Tea Trees of Economic Value."

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Today, tea tree oil is widely available as 100% undiluted or "clean" oil. Diluted forms are also available, ranging from 5-50% in products intended for the skin. It is more interesting to tell you about what oil can be useful for and how it is used, so we continue with the answers to these questions.

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Photo by RODNAE Productions from Pexels

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Composition and useful properties of the tea tree

Composition

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Tea tree oil consists of terpene hydrocarbons, mainly monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes and related alcohols. Terpenes are volatile, aromatic hydrocarbons and can be considered polymers of isoprene, which has a formula C5H8. The more significant are terpinen-4-ol, γ-terpinene, 1,8-eneol, α-terpinene, α-terpineol, p-cimen and α-pinene. With biological activity, the antimicrobial activity of tea tree oil is mainly attributed to terpine-4-ol.

Useful-properties

Useful properties

Antimicrobial-action

Antimicrobial action

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It is known that a wide variety of essential oils have antimicrobial properties, and in many cases this activity is due to the presence of active monoterpene ingredients. This also applies to the tea tree - Melaleuca Alternifolia has proven antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory effect thanks to its components, as well as proven clinical efficacy [ref.1]

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The in vitro antifungal activity of Melaleuca alternifolia essential oil was evaluated against 26 strains of different types of dermatophytes, 54 yeasts, including 32 strains of Candida albicans and other Candida sp., as well as 22 different strains of Malassezia furfur. [ref.2] Tea tree oil inhibits breathing in cell suspensions of E. coli, providing evidence of lethal action associated with damage to the cytoplasmic membrane. [ref.8]

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Similar to the results found for bacteria, tea tree oil alters the permeability of C. albicans cells, as well as the opportunistic Candida glabrata, which has high resistance to certain antifungal drugs and can cause infections affecting the urinary tract, genitals, mouth or blood flow (in some risk groups with impaired immunity, this is especially dangerous). [ref. 3, 4]

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From the more recent discoveries about the tea tree, the most promising new function of the oil is counteracting the methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). [ref.5]

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Anti-inflammatory-action

Anti-inflammatory action

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Tea tree oil can help reduce inflammation, which is due to the high concentration of terpine-4-ol, a compound with anti-inflammatory properties. In animal tests, terpine-4-ol was found to suppress inflammatory activity in cases of infection in the mouth. In humans, locally applied tea tree oil reduces edema more effectively in inflammation of the skin caused by histamine than paraffin oil.

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In vitro studies over the past decade have shown that tea tree oil affects a number of immune responses, both in vitro and in vivo. For example, water-soluble components of oil can inhibit lipopolysaccharides-induced production of inflammatory mediators tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and IL-10 from monocytes of human peripheral blood by approximately 50% and that of prostaglandin E2 by about 30%.

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Another interesting field of research shows that terpine-4-ol modulates vasodilation and plasma extravasation associated with histamine-induced inflammation in humans. In other words, the active ingredient of the oil can help alleviate the symptoms of histamine intolerance.

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The potential anti-inflammatory effects of Melaleuca alternifolia essential oil on human peripheral blood leukocytes also examined the fungicidal and bactericidal action of Melaleuca alternifolia essential oil. Data show that Melaleuca alternifolia can effectively protect the body by reducing the proliferation of inflammatory cells without affecting their ability to secrete anti-inflammatory cytokines. [ref.9].

Antiseptic-action

Antiseptic action

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Tea tree essential oil is an excellent natural antiseptic for skin infections, and the oil is recognized as one of the most powerful antiseptics in nature. The oil immediately penetrates into the outer layers of the skin and is mixed with the body's oils to treat conditions such as insect bites, cuts, burns, acne, infected wounds, bruises, runny nose, diaper rash, mycosis, hives and sunburn. [ref.

Means-of-personal-hygiene

Means of personal hygiene

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To combat plaque, it is recommended to wash teeth with toothpaste containing tea tree oil or add a little to a simple toothpaste, as well as adding a few drops of tea tree oil to mouthwash. The latter helps both teeth and gums. With inflamed gums, a few drops of oil can be used to smear on the sore spot.

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Cosmetic-agent

Cosmetic agent

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Tea tree oil has a pronounced antioxidant effect, which is beneficial for anti-ageing effect, reducing dark circles under the eyes, wrinkles, fine lines, pigment and other spots and imperfections on the skin. You can apply tea tree oil with a cotton swab to the affected areas or if you have sensitive skin - mix it with jojoba oil, almond or coconut oil before use.

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You can also try 2 drops of tea tree oil and 1 spoonful of honey with which to clean your face and prevent the appearance of acne. The easiest methods of treating acne with tea tree oil are to wash the face with soap containing tea tree essential oil, or apply twice a day cleaning.

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Means of cleaning the home

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The natural properties of tea tree oil solvent make it an excellent biodegradable cleaning product. Can be used as a deodorant or disinfectant; to remove mold; for the treatment of indoor plants for mold, fungi and parasitic infections. Here is an easy recipe for a completely natural, universal tea tree cleaner:

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<ul><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Combine 20 drops of tea tree oil, 3/4 cup of water and 1/2 cup of apple cider vinegar in a spray bottle.</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Shake well until the ingredients are mixed.</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Spray directly on the surfaces and wipe with a dry cloth.</li><li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Be sure to shake the bottle before each use to mix the tea tree oil with the other ingredients.</li></ul>

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How to use tea tree oil

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In addition to its scientifically justified benefits, tea tree oil is available and safe to use when used as directed.

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People usually apply tea tree oil to treat mild cuts, burns, acne, mycosis, mild fungal infections, vaginal fungal infections and lung problems (when the oil is added to a bath or diffuser along with other essential oils). There are a large number of studies on tea tree oil that show that it is safe and often effective for the prevention and treatment of infections.

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Photo by Eva Elijas from Pexels

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Tea tree oil can be found in various skin and hair care products, from soaps to shampoos, soothing and nourishing masks, face creams and even anti-dandruff masks. Tea tree can also be an ingredient in formulas of household cleaners, such as antibacterial sprays for kitchen and disinfectants for toilets.

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If tea tree essential oil is applied to the skin, first dilute it with base oil. Never apply pure tea tree oil to your skin, as it can cause unwanted side effects such as skin irritation. Always use diluted tea tree oil so as not to annoy your skin. [ref. 6]

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Photo by cottonbro from Pexels

Generalization

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Tea tree oil is obtained by distilling from the leaves of the Melaleuca alternifolia plant, which is found only in certain places in Australia.

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It has been proven that the oil has antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antiviral and antifungal properties and can be applied safely for their treatment. For example, a person can use tea oil to treat acne, contact dermatitis, stomach and intestinal parasites, abscesses, burns, bronchitis and many other health problems.

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In addition to the medical aspect, tea tree oil is also used as an antibacterial and disinfectant in antiseptic and disinfectant preparations, as well as in numerous cosmetic products. Tea tree oil should never be swallowed.

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A versatile herb that was launched by Aborigines in Australia, Melaleuca alternifolia is impressive with its richly prized composition and numerous applications. Its properties have been scientifically studied and proven in both animals and humans.

Melaleuca Alternifolia, <a href="https://www.herbal-organic.com/en/herb/15175" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://www.herbal-organic.com/en/herb/15175</a>

Antifungal activity of the essential oil of Melaleuca alternifolia (tea tree oil) against pathogenic fungi in vitro. https://www.herbal-organic.com/en/pubmed/Antifungal_activity_of_the_essential_oil_of_Melaleuca_alternifolia_tea_tree_oil_against_pathogenic_fungi_in_vitro_9055360

Carson CF, Hammer KA, Riley TV. Melaleuca alternifolia (Tea Tree) oil: a review of antimicrobial and other medicinal properties. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2006;19(1):50-62. doi:10.1128/CMR.19.1.50-62.2006 <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/labs/pmc/articles/PMC1360273/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/labs/pmc/articles/PMC1360273/</a>

Kumar K, Askari F, Sahu MS, Kaur R. Candida glabrata: A Lot More Than Meets the Eye. Microorganisms. 2019;7(2):39. Published 2019 Jan 30. doi:10.3390/microorganisms7020039 <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/labs/pmc/articles/PMC6407134/" target="_blank" rel="noopener"> https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/labs/pmc/articles/PMC6407134/</a>

"Tea Tree Oil "Gale Encyclopedia of Alternative Medicine. Retrieved October 25, 2021 from Encyclopedia.com: <a href="https://www.encyclopedia.com/medicine/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/tea-tree-oil" target="_blank" rel="noopener"> https://www.encyclopedia.com/medicine/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/tea-tree-oil</a>

Penfold, A. R. &amp; Morrison, F. R. &amp; Technological Museum (N.S.W.).&nbsp; (1929).&nbsp; Australian tea trees of economic value.&nbsp; Sydney :&nbsp; Government Printer <a href="https://catalogue.nla.gov.au/Record/1159888" target="_blank" rel="noopener"> https://catalogue.nla.gov.au/Record/1159888</a>

Pazyar N, Yaghoobi R, Bagherani N, Kazerouni A. A review of applications of tea tree oil in dermatology. Int J Dermatol. 2013 Jul;52(7):784-90. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-4632.2012.05654.x. Epub 2012 Sep 24. PMID: 22998411. <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22998411/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22998411/</a>

Cox, S.D., Mann, C.M., Markham, J.L., Bell, H.C., Gustafson, J.E., Warmington, J.R. and Wyllie, S.G. (2000), The mode of antimicrobial action of the essential oil of Melaleuca alternifolia (tea tree oil). Journal of Applied Microbiology, 88: 170-175. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2672.2000.00943.x" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2672.2000.00943.x</a>

Potential anti-inflammatory effects of Melaleuca alternifolia essential oil on human peripheral blood leukocytes <a href="https://www.herbal-organic.com/en/pubmed/Potential_anti_inflammatory_effects_of_Melaleuca_alternifolia_essential_oil_on_human_peripheral_blood_leukocytes_16619364" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://www.herbal-organic.com/en/pubmed/Potential_anti_inflammatory_effects_of_Melaleuca_alternifolia_essential_oil_on_human_peripheral_blood_leukocytes_16619364</a>

Tea tree oil in the treatment of tinea pedis. <a href="https://www.herbal-organic.com/en/pubmed/Tea_tree_oil_in_the_treatment_of_tinea_pedis_1303075" target="_blank" rel="noopener"> https://www.herbal-organic.com/en/pubmed/Tea_tree_oil_in_the_treatment_of_tinea_pedis_1303075</a>

A comparative study of tea-tree oil versus benzoylperoxide in the treatment of acne. <a href="https://www.herbal-organic.com/en/pubmed/A_comparative_study_of_tea_tree_oil_versus_benzoylperoxide_in_the_treatment_of_acne_2145499" target="_blank" rel="noopener"> https://www.herbal-organic.com/en/pubmed/A_comparative_study_of_tea_tree_oil_versus_benzoylperoxide_in_the_treatment_of_acne_2145499</a>

A review of applications of tea tree oil in dermatology. <a href="https://www.herbal-organic.com/en/pubmed/A_review_of_applications_of_tea_tree_oil_in_dermatology_22998411" target="_blank" rel="noopener"> https://www.herbal-organic.com/en/pubmed/A_review_of_applications_of_tea_tree_oil_in_dermatology_22998411</a>

Treatment of acne with tea tree oil (melaleuca) products: a review of efficacy, tolerability and potential modes of action. https://www.herbal-organic.com/en/pubmed/Treatment_of_acne_with_tea_tree_oil_melaleuca_products_a_review_of_efficacy_tolerability_and_potential_modes_of_action_25465857

Fruits and vegetables are an essential part of the nutritious diet and are suitable for consumption in any diet. They contain vitamins, minerals, fiber and other nutrients, on the basis of which the body builds its tissues, immunity, strength and health. Raw, stewed, roasted, even canned, fruits can be eaten in countless ways. They are especially useful for weight loss, as fruits are usually poor in calories, rich in water and antioxidants that promote detoxification and weight maintenance. 

11 Best Fruits for Weight Loss [Part 2]

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Anticoagulants are things that help prevent the formation of blood clots, and they can be taken in various forms by prescription. However, they can interact with many other medications, as well as cause some side effects when using them. What are the advantages and disadvantages of taking anticoagulants as a medicinal drugs, and are there natural alternatives  - find out in the article.

What are the 10 natural anticoagulants [blood thinners] - Part 2

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There are fruits that we seem to neglect in front of the light of the most famous fruits like bananas, apples and oranges, for example. Today we will review the advantages of such a modest fruit, namely melon. Melon definitely deserves more attention because of its rich nutritional profile. This delicious, though strange-looking fruit can contribute in many ways to your health, maintaining a normal weight, antioxidant protection and several other areas of action.

Cantaloupe melon [Cucumis melo]: Benefits and healing properties of the delicious fruit

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Apricots (Prunus armeniaca) are stone fruits, also known as Armenian plums. Round in shape and yellow in color, they look like a smaller version of the peach (Prunus persica), but share the taste of plums (Prunus). They are extremely nutritious and have many health benefits, such as supporting digestion and vision, poor in calories but rich in certain nutrients. It is also remarkable that there is evidence of the anticancer properties of apricot seeds. We will review in detail each of these advantages of apricots.

Nutritional composition and benefits of apricots (Prunus armeniaca)

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Anticoagulants, or blood thinners, are used to prevent the development of life-threatening blood clots that can cause serious health problems. Anticoagulant drugs themselves are often reported for their serious side effects, with data showing that the use of these drugs can lead to hospitalization due to problems such as excessive bleeding. Due to their potential for harm, informing about natural blood thinners as potential alternatives can help you or someone close to you avoid the negatives of drug therapy. In any case, consultation with a doctor is recommended before taking natural blood thinners.

What are the 10 natural anticoagulants [blood thinners]

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Watermelon is sweet and refreshing, suitable for a low-calorie summer snack or as an additional source of plenty of water. As well as contributing to hydration, watermelon abounds in essential nutrients including vitamins, minerals and antioxidants.

Why watermelon is so healthy and nutritious 

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Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common condition in women that affects hormones. PCOS causes irregular menstrual cycle, excessive hair growth, acne and even infertility. Treatment of the syndrome depends on various factors, and traditional medications, hormone therapy and/or herbal therapy can be administered. People with PCOS may be at higher risk of certain health conditions such as diabetes and high blood pressure.

Effectiveness of herbal supplements in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)

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Spearmint (Mentha spicata), is a type of mint of the Lamiaceae family, which is a common perennial plant originating in Europe and Asia. It is found on other continents around the world, and the name resembles its characteristic spear-shaped leaves. One of our favorite herbs and spices, spearmint has a pleasant sweet taste and is often used to flavor toothpastes, mouthwash, chewing gum and candy, as well as various dishes.

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